Computer Science Basics Quiz

The main components of a computer are the CPU and storage.

Three properties of computers are speed, accuracy, and consistency.

A general-purpose computer can run different programs to achieve various functionalities.

<p>Moore's Law suggests that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every two years, leading to increased performance and reduced costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No, a computer cannot truly think or be intelligent; it only processes information based on programmed algorithms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1011</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sum S = 1, Carry C = 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cout is true if at least two of the inputs A, B, or Cin are logic 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive numbers begin with '0'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subtraction X - Y can be performed by adding X and the two's complement of Y.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sum S = 1, Carry COUT = 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each full adder's Cout is connected to the Cin of the next adder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The last adder’s carry output indicates if an overflow has occurred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Qc, meaning there is no change in the output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The output Qn is set to 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The state is undefined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A D Flip-Flop stores the input data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It consists of four 1-bit registers operating in parallel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to n parallel 1-bit registers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to a RAM that can store 8 bytes of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The clock signal synchronizes the operation of the registers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The output will be 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The input <code>a</code> must be 1 and <code>b</code> must be 0.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'sel' line determines which input is passed to the output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The output <code>F</code> will be 0.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The output will be the bitwise AND of <code>x2</code> and <code>y2</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p><code>zx</code> sets the first input to zero, while <code>nx</code> negates the first input.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It toggles the output between input <code>a</code> and input <code>b</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The full adder is used to perform addition of two binary numbers, accounting for carry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only one register can be read or updated at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The address of the next instruction to be executed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enables the counter to increment normally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moves a value directly into Register A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The address is taken from Register A to access data stored in RAM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To load a specific address where execution needs to start.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The address is not part of the instruction but points to another address for the fetching operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Fetch-Execute Cycle retrieves and executes instructions from memory, enabling the CPU to perform operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Program Counter holds the address of the next instruction to be executed, guiding the memory access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three components are dest, comp, and jump, which specify the destination, computation, and jump behavior respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ROM is used for permanent program storage while RAM allows for temporary data storage and manipulation during program execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The instruction format dictates how instructions are structured and interpreted by the CPU, affecting execution speed and accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) performs arithmetic and logic operations as specified by the executed instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>I/O mapped memory is used to interface with input/output devices, allowing data exchange between the CPU and peripherals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decoding A- and C-instructions separately is necessary because they serve different purposes, with A-instructions addressing values and C-instructions controlling operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A device that processes data using a set of instructions, performing calculations, storing information, retrieving data, and displaying results.

The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer, responsible for executing instructions and processing data.

Storage refers to the components that hold data and programs, allowing the computer to retain information even when turned off.

Computers are designed to be versatile and can perform different tasks depending on the program they are running, making them adaptable to various situations.

The evolution of computers spans generations, marked by advancements in technology, miniaturization, and increased processing power. It's an ongoing journey towards more powerful and efficient computing.

A binary representation of negative numbers where the most significant bit (MSB) indicates the sign (1 for negative, 0 for positive) and the remaining bits represent the magnitude using Two's Complement.

A logic circuit that performs binary addition of two single-bit inputs, producing a sum and a carry output.

A logic circuit that adds three binary inputs: two data bits (A and B) and a carry-in (Cin). It produces a sum output (S) and a carry-out (Cout).

A circuit built by chaining multiple full adders to handle the addition of two multi-bit numbers. The carry-out of each full adder is connected as the carry-in to the next full adder in the chain.

A method used in computers to subtract binary numbers by converting subtraction into addition. It involves taking the Two's Complement of the subtrahend and adding it to the minuend.

A digital circuit that allows selecting one of multiple input signals based on a digital control signal.

ALU control signals (like zx, nx, f, no) determine the type of operation the ALU will perform. Each signal controls a particular function, enabling flexible data manipulation.

The zx control signal enables or disables the input 'x' of the ALU. When zx is 0, 'x' is passed, and when zx is 1, 'x' is zeroed out.

The nx control signal negates (inverts) the input 'x' of the ALU. If nx is 1, the input 'x' is inverted, and if nx is 0, 'x' is passed unchanged.

The 'f' control signal determines the ALU's operation. It can be used for different logic operations, such as AND, NOT, or OR.

The 'no' control signal negates the output of the ALU (not always used, depending on the ALU implementation).

The ALU is a versatile component that can perform both arithmetic and logic operations as per the control signals. It has a key role in processing data within the CPU.

Each register holds a value represented as a sequence of 8 bits, which can be accessed individually.

A memory unit that directly stores data in a sequential manner using a series of registers, each with its own unique address.

A special register that stores the memory address of the next instruction the CPU needs to execute.

The process of incrementing the Program Counter (PC) to point to the next instruction in sequence.

Setting the Program Counter (PC) to a specific address, allowing the CPU to start executing instructions from that point onwards.

A mechanism that allows selecting which data source (register) to access or update, based on a specific address.

A set of instructions that the CPU understands directly, expressed in binary code.

A way of representing data or program locations within an instruction using different methods, such as immediate values, direct addresses, or indirect addressing.

A sequence of actions that the CPU follows to execute an instruction, starting with fetching the instruction, decoding it, and finally executing it.

The part of the computer architecture that handles the storing and retrieval of instructions.

A type of instruction that modifies data in memory.

A type of instruction that loads or stores values directly.

The part of the CPU responsible for performing calculations and logical operations.

The part of the computer architecture that stores data, often used to hold program variables and temporary results.

A type of memory that holds data that cannot be changed, often used to store the computer's boot program.

A type of memory that stores data randomly, using addresses for access.

A circuit with a memory element (like flip-flop) that stores a bit of information (0 or 1) and can be set or reset depending on the input signals.

A type of latch that is able to set itself to a '1' or reset itself to a '0' depending on the inputs.

A type of flip-flop that stores a single bit of data and can be controlled by a clock signal.

The central processing unit of a computer, responsible for carrying out instructions and processing data.

A unit within a CPU responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations on data.

A collection of several D flip-flops working together to store multiple bits of data.

A specific type of memory that stores instructions and data for the CPU to access quickly during processing.