Computer Organization and Architecture

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following parameters is NOT required to select a microcontroller?

Clock Speed

Memory Size

Power Consumption (correct)

Bit Size

How does a microcontroller communicate with external peripherals or memory?

via ROM

via I/O Ports (correct)

via RAM

via CPU

Which of the following components is NOT a must-have in a microcontroller?

ROM

CPU

Printer (correct)

RAM

Which architecture is suitable for microprocessors?

Von Neumann Architecture Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the control unit?

Controls the flow of data and instructions Signup and view all the answers

What is the bit size of the 8085 microprocessor?

8 Signup and view all the answers

Which technology was used by Intel to design its first 8-bit microprocessor?

PMOS Signup and view all the answers

How many address lines are required for a 16Kb memory?

12 Signup and view all the answers

How many memory locations can be addressed by a memory IC with 10 address lines?

1024 Signup and view all the answers

What is the memory address range for a 64 Kb memory?

0000-FFFF Signup and view all the answers

How many address lines are required for an 4 Kb EPROM?

12 Signup and view all the answers

What does EA stand for in 8051?

External Access Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of the data bus in 8051?

8 bit Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of the accumulator in 8051?

8 bit Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of the program counter in 8051?

16 bit Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ALE pin in 8051?

Address Latch Enable Signup and view all the answers

What is the RAM Address / Location of Port 2?

A0h Signup and view all the answers

What is the on-chip ROM size in the 8051 microcontroller?

4 kBytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the on-chip RAM size including SFR Memory area in the 8051 microcontroller?

256 Bytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the on-chip RAM Address Range EXCLUDING SFR Memory area in the 8051 microcontroller?

00 - 7Fh Signup and view all the answers

How many bytes of Bit-Addressable Area of ON-CHIP RAM locations are allotted in 8051 microcontroller?

16 bytes Signup and view all the answers

How many bytes of Scratch Pad On-chip RAM Area locations are allotted in 8051 microcontroller?

80 bytes Signup and view all the answers

What does PIC stand for?

Peripheral Interface Controller Signup and view all the answers

What is the operating voltage range of the PIC microcontroller?

(2.0 -- 5.56) volts Signup and view all the answers

How many pins does the PIC16F877A microcontroller have?

40 Signup and view all the answers

What does MCLR stand for?

Master Clear Signup and view all the answers

Which pin is the external clock input for TIMER0?

Pin 14 Signup and view all the answers

What command enables the PIC to enter power-down mode during WDT sleep?

SLEEP Signup and view all the answers

Which register acts as an input-output control and data direction register for PORTA?

TRISA Signup and view all the answers

Which timer can be used for both prescaler and postscaler?

TIMER2 Signup and view all the answers

How many I/O pins does the PIC16F877A microcontroller have?

33 Signup and view all the answers

What is the execution speed of instructions in PIC, especially when operating at the maximum clock rate?

0.2 μs Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic element of a memory?

Flip-Flop Signup and view all the answers

If a microprocessor has 'n' address lines, then it can directly address how many memory locations?

2^n Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory is volatile?

RAM Signup and view all the answers

What is the signal used to write data into a RAM location?

WR' Signup and view all the answers

What is the heart of the CPU?

Microprocessor Signup and view all the answers

What type of signal is required constantly for a Microprocessor?

Pulse Wave Signup and view all the answers

What is an 8-bit MICROCONTROLLER IC?

IC 8051 Signup and view all the answers

What architecture provides separate buses for program and data memory?

Harvard Architecture Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Microcontrollers and Microprocessors

A microcontroller is a multipurpose PLD that accepts binary data as input.
The heart of a CPU is a microprocessor.
A microcontroller consists of a CPU, on-chip RAM, on-chip ROM, I/O ports, and timers.
Microcontrollers are used in computers, laptops, televisions, printers, refrigerators, and microwave ovens.

Memory and Addressing

The basic element of memory is a flip-flop.
A microprocessor with 'n' address lines can directly address 2^n memory locations.
To store programs and data, memory is used.
Registers can be classified into RAM and ROM, with RAM being volatile memory.
WR' is the signal used to write data into a RAM location.

Number of Locations and Address Lines

A 4*8-bit register has 4 locations.
A microcontroller with 16 address lines has a ROM capacity of 65536.
10 address lines are required to access 1kB of ROM.
A memory IC with 10 address lines pins will have 1024 memory locations.

Microcontrollers and Their Features

The 8051 is an 8-bit microcontroller with 40 pins.
The size of the data bus in 8051 is 8 bits, and the size of the address bus is 16 bits.
The accumulator size in 8051 is 8 bits, and the program counter is 16-bit wide.
The ALU size in 8051 is 8 bits.
PSW stands for Program Status Word.

Input/Output Operations

To select external memory in 8051, the EA pin is used.
ALE stands for Address Latch Enable, and PSEN stands for Program Store Enable.
There are four parallel I/O ports available in 8051 microcontrollers.
Port 0 and Port 2 act as 16-bit address lines for transferring data through them.

Control Unit and Instruction Cycle

The control unit generates control signals necessary for the execution of an instruction.
The control unit is responsible for the flow of data and instructions within the computer.

Technology and Generations

The 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor.
2nd generation microprocessors are fabricated with NMOS technology.
3rd generation microprocessors are fabricated with HMOS technology and are 16-bit processors.
4th generation microprocessors are 32-bit processors, and 5th generation microprocessors are 64-bit processors.
IC 80386 microprocessors are fabricated with HCMOS technology.

Applications

Microcontrollers are used in temperature control systems.
PIC stands for Peripheral Interface Controller, and PIC16F877A is a type of microcontroller.
The PIC16F877A has 40 pins, 33 I/O pins, and uses flash memory technology.
The PIC16F877A has 368 bytes of RAM, 256 bytes of EEPROM, and 8KB of program memory.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of computer organization and architecture, including flip-flops, memory locations, registers, and microprocessors.