Computer Organization and Architecture
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following parameters is NOT required to select a microcontroller?

  • Clock Speed
  • Memory Size
  • Power Consumption (correct)
  • Bit Size

    • How does a microcontroller communicate with external peripherals or memory?

  • via ROM
  • via I/O Ports (correct)
  • via RAM
  • via CPU

    • Which of the following components is NOT a must-have in a microcontroller?

  • ROM
  • CPU
  • Printer (correct)
  • RAM

    • Which architecture is suitable for microprocessors?

    <p>Von Neumann Architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the control unit?

    <p>Controls the flow of data and instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bit size of the 8085 microprocessor?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology was used by Intel to design its first 8-bit microprocessor?

    <p>PMOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many address lines are required for a 16Kb memory?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many memory locations can be addressed by a memory IC with 10 address lines?

    <p>1024</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the memory address range for a 64 Kb memory?

    <p>0000-FFFF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many address lines are required for an 4 Kb EPROM?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does EA stand for in 8051?

    <p>External Access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the data bus in 8051?

    <p>8 bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the accumulator in 8051?

    <p>8 bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the program counter in 8051?

    <p>16 bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ALE pin in 8051?

    <p>Address Latch Enable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the RAM Address / Location of Port 2?

    <p>A0h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the on-chip ROM size in the 8051 microcontroller?

    <p>4 kBytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the on-chip RAM size including SFR Memory area in the 8051 microcontroller?

    <p>256 Bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the on-chip RAM Address Range EXCLUDING SFR Memory area in the 8051 microcontroller?

    <p>00 - 7Fh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bytes of Bit-Addressable Area of ON-CHIP RAM locations are allotted in 8051 microcontroller?

    <p>16 bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bytes of Scratch Pad On-chip RAM Area locations are allotted in 8051 microcontroller?

    <p>80 bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PIC stand for?

    <p>Peripheral Interface Controller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the operating voltage range of the PIC microcontroller?

    <p>(2.0 -- 5.56) volts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pins does the PIC16F877A microcontroller have?

    <p>40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MCLR stand for?

    <p>Master Clear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pin is the external clock input for TIMER0?

    <p>Pin 14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command enables the PIC to enter power-down mode during WDT sleep?

    <p>SLEEP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which register acts as an input-output control and data direction register for PORTA?

    <p>TRISA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which timer can be used for both prescaler and postscaler?

    <p>TIMER2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many I/O pins does the PIC16F877A microcontroller have?

    <p>33</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the execution speed of instructions in PIC, especially when operating at the maximum clock rate?

    <p>0.2 μs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic element of a memory?

    <p>Flip-Flop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a microprocessor has 'n' address lines, then it can directly address how many memory locations?

    <p>2^n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory is volatile?

    <p>RAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the signal used to write data into a RAM location?

    <p>WR'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the heart of the CPU?

    <p>Microprocessor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of signal is required constantly for a Microprocessor?

    <p>Pulse Wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an 8-bit MICROCONTROLLER IC?

    <p>IC 8051</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What architecture provides separate buses for program and data memory?

    <p>Harvard Architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microcontrollers and Microprocessors

    • A microcontroller is a multipurpose PLD that accepts binary data as input.
    • The heart of a CPU is a microprocessor.
    • A microcontroller consists of a CPU, on-chip RAM, on-chip ROM, I/O ports, and timers.
    • Microcontrollers are used in computers, laptops, televisions, printers, refrigerators, and microwave ovens.

    Memory and Addressing

    • The basic element of memory is a flip-flop.
    • A microprocessor with 'n' address lines can directly address 2^n memory locations.
    • To store programs and data, memory is used.
    • Registers can be classified into RAM and ROM, with RAM being volatile memory.
    • WR' is the signal used to write data into a RAM location.

    Number of Locations and Address Lines

    • A 4*8-bit register has 4 locations.
    • A microcontroller with 16 address lines has a ROM capacity of 65536.
    • 10 address lines are required to access 1kB of ROM.
    • A memory IC with 10 address lines pins will have 1024 memory locations.

    Microcontrollers and Their Features

    • The 8051 is an 8-bit microcontroller with 40 pins.
    • The size of the data bus in 8051 is 8 bits, and the size of the address bus is 16 bits.
    • The accumulator size in 8051 is 8 bits, and the program counter is 16-bit wide.
    • The ALU size in 8051 is 8 bits.
    • PSW stands for Program Status Word.

    Input/Output Operations

    • To select external memory in 8051, the EA pin is used.
    • ALE stands for Address Latch Enable, and PSEN stands for Program Store Enable.
    • There are four parallel I/O ports available in 8051 microcontrollers.
    • Port 0 and Port 2 act as 16-bit address lines for transferring data through them.

    Control Unit and Instruction Cycle

    • The control unit generates control signals necessary for the execution of an instruction.
    • The control unit is responsible for the flow of data and instructions within the computer.

    Technology and Generations

    • The 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor.
    • 2nd generation microprocessors are fabricated with NMOS technology.
    • 3rd generation microprocessors are fabricated with HMOS technology and are 16-bit processors.
    • 4th generation microprocessors are 32-bit processors, and 5th generation microprocessors are 64-bit processors.
    • IC 80386 microprocessors are fabricated with HCMOS technology.

    Applications

    • Microcontrollers are used in temperature control systems.
    • PIC stands for Peripheral Interface Controller, and PIC16F877A is a type of microcontroller.
    • The PIC16F877A has 40 pins, 33 I/O pins, and uses flash memory technology.
    • The PIC16F877A has 368 bytes of RAM, 256 bytes of EEPROM, and 8KB of program memory.

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    MCA PART A.docx

    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of computer organization and architecture, including flip-flops, memory locations, registers, and microprocessors.

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