Computer Networks Lecture 3: IPv6 Addressing

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Questions and Answers

What is a primary reason for the development of IPv6?

To improve the speed of data transmission.

To increase the theoretical maximum number of addresses available. (correct)

To eliminate the need for Network Address Translation (NAT).

To reduce the complexity of network addressing.

Which IPv6 address range is designated for global unicast addresses?

FC00::/7

2000::/3 (correct)

FE80::/10

2001:0DB8::/32

Which method allows both IPv4 and IPv6 to coexist on the same network segment?

Dual Stack (correct)

Translation

Network Address Translation

Tunneling

What is the purpose of link-local addresses in IPv6?

To connect devices on the same local link (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum number of addresses IPv6 can theoretically provide?

340 undecillion (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which process is used to generate a 64-bit Interface ID in Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC)?

EUI-64 process using MAC address (C) Signup and view all the answers

How can leading zeros in an IPv6 address segment be represented?

They can be omitted entirely. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first hextet range for unique local addresses in IPv6?

FC00 to FDFF (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a valid representation of an IPv6 address that uses the compressed format?

2001:0DB8::ABCD:0000:1234 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the FFFE hexadecimal value in the EUI-64 process?

To separate the OUI and device identifier (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following address types is NOT supported by IPv6?

Broadcast (A) Signup and view all the answers

How can global unicast addresses be configured on a device?

Both statically or dynamically (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which address is reserved for documentation purposes in IPv6?

2001:0DB8::/32 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of tunneling in IPv6?

To transport IPv6 packets over an IPv4 network. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the notation for a segment of 16 bits in an IPv6 address called?

Hextet (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the default gateway address in an IPv6 configuration?

It can be either global unicast or link-local address (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Importance of IPv6

IPv4 supports a maximum of 4.3 billion addresses, limiting connectivity.
Private addresses often require Nat (Network Address Translation), which has drawbacks for peer-to-peer communications.
The increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices necessitates a more expansive addressing solution.

IPv6 Features

Utilizes a 128-bit address space, allowing for approximately 340 undecillion addresses.
The development addressed IPv4's limitations and introduced enhancements for internet connectivity.
Example of an IPv6 address format: 2001:0DB8:0000:1111:0000:0000:0000:0200.
Each segment or hextet consists of 16 bits, represented by four hexadecimal digits.

Coexistence of IPv4 and IPv6

Dual Stack: Devices can run both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols simultaneously in the same network segment.
Tunneling: IPv6 packets can be transported over an IPv4 network by encapsulating them within IPv4 packets.
Translation (NAT64): Enables communication between IPv6-enabled and IPv4-enabled devices by translating packets between formats.

IPv6 Address Notation Rules

Omitting Leading Zeros: Leading zeros in any hextet can be removed (e.g., 01AB becomes 1AB).
Omitting All Zero Segments: A double colon (::) can replace contiguous zero segments in an address but can only be used once to avoid ambiguity.

Types of IPv6 Addresses

Unicast: Includes global unicast, link-local, and unique local addresses.
- Global unicast addresses are globally unique and routable on the internet, starting with 2000::/3.
- Link-local addresses are used for communication within the same local link (FE80::/10).
- Unique local addresses are equivalent to private IPv4 addresses (FC00::/7 to FDFF::/7).
Multicast: Used to send a packet to multiple destinations.
Anycast: Sent to the nearest of multiple possible destinations.

Host Configuration for IPv6

Manual configuration of IPv6 addresses parallels IPv4 setup.
The global unicast address can be set to match the router's interface address.
Dynamic Configuration:
- Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC) allows devices to self-assign addresses with information from an IPv6 router without DHCPv6.
EUI-64 Process: Converts a device’s 48-bit MAC address to a 64-bit Interface ID by modifying the MAC address.

EUI-64 Address Creation Steps

Divide the MAC address between Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) and device identifier.
Insert FFFE in the middle of the MAC address.
Change the universal/local (U/L) bit to alter the address scope as needed.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of IPv6 addressing in this quiz from Computer Networks Lecture 3. Understand the limitations of IPv4 and learn why the transition to IPv6 is essential for accommodating a growing number of internet-connected devices in various sectors, including IoT.