IPv6 Addressing Formats
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the Global Routing Prefix in an IPv6 Global Unicast Address?

  • To enable routing of packets across the internet
  • To enable communication with devices on the same local link
  • To identify the host portion of the address
  • To identify the network portion of the address assigned by the provider (correct)

    • What is the purpose of the Interface ID in an IPv6 Global Unicast Address?

  • To enable routing of packets across the internet
  • To identify the host portion of the address (correct)
  • To enable communication with devices on the same local link
  • To identify the subnet ID

    • What is the command to configure an IPv6 GUA on an interface?

  • ipv6 config address/prefix-length
  • ipv6 address-config prefix-length
  • ipv6 address/prefix-length (correct)
  • ipv6 address prefix-length

    • What is the purpose of a Link-local Address (LLA) in IPv6?

    <p>To enable communication with devices on the same local link</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Router Solicitation (RS) message in IPv6?

    <p>To discover IPv6 routers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Router Advertisement (RA) message in IPv6?

    <p>To inform hosts on how to obtain an IPv6 GUA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is provided by a Router Advertisement (RA)?

    <p>Network prefix and prefix length, DNS addresses and domain name, and default gateway address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of SLAAC in IPv6?

    <p>Devices use either EUI-64 or random generation method to create an interface ID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an RA instruct a device to use in Method 2?

    <p>SLAAC to create its own IPv6 GUA and a stateless DHCPv6 server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is obtained from a stateful DHCPv6 server in Method 3?

    <p>IPv6 GUA, prefix length, and addresses of DNS servers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of EUI-64 in IPv6?

    <p>Inserting a 16-bit value into the middle of a 48-bit Ethernet MAC address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prefix of IPv6 multicast addresses?

    <p>ff00::/8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is used to reassemble data in the correct order in Guaranteed and Ordered Delivery?

    <p>Sequence numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of flow control in TCP transmission?

    <p>To adjust the rate of data flow between source and destination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a host determine the value of its Maximum Segment Size (MSS)?

    <p>By subtracting the IP and TCP headers from the Ethernet maximum transmission unit (MTU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to email messages on the server when downloaded using POP?

    <p>They are deleted from the server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the DNS protocol?

    <p>To resolve names to IP addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between TCP and UDP with regards to congestion control?

    <p>TCP employs congestion handling mechanisms, while UDP does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of record contains an end device's IPv6 address?

    <p>AAAA record</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of UDP over TCP?

    <p>Low overhead data transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is UDP unable to reorder datagrams into their transmission order?

    <p>Because it does not track sequence numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the database in a DNS server?

    <p>To manage name-to-IP mappings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between POP and IMAP?

    <p>POP deletes emails from the server, IMAP keeps them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an IPv6 address, what does each 'x' in the preferred format x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x represent?

    <p>A 16-bit hextet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a FQDN?

    <p>To provide a recognizable name for a numeric IP address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the double colon (::) in IPv6 address representation?

    <p>To replace any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit hextets consisting of all zeros</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a unicast and an anycast IPv6 address?

    <p>Unicast addresses uniquely identify an interface, while anycast addresses can be assigned to multiple devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended IPv6 prefix length for LANs and other types of networks?

    <p>/64</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to IPv6 Address Representation Rule 1, what can be omitted from an IPv6 address?

    <p>Leading 0s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a packet sent to an anycast address?

    <p>The packet is routed to the nearest device having that address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    IPv6 Unicast Addresses

    • IPv6 devices typically have two unicast addresses: Global Unicast Address (GUA) and Link-local Address (LLA)
    • Global Unicast Address (GUA) is similar to a public IPv4 address, globally unique, and internet-routable
    • Link-local Address (LLA) is required for every IPv6-enabled device, used to communicate with other devices on the same local link, and not routable

    IPv6 Global Unicast Address (GUA)

    • Global Routing Prefix: the prefix or network portion of the address assigned by the provider
    • Subnet ID: the area between the Global Routing Prefix and the Interface ID
    • Interface ID: equivalent to the host portion of an IPv4 address
    • Command to configure an IPv6 GUA on an interface: ipv6 address/prefix-length
    • Enables a device to communicate with other IPv6-enabled devices on the same link
    • Packets with a source or destination LLA cannot be routed
    • Every IPv6-enabled network interface must have an LLA

    Dynamic Addressing for IPv6 GUAs

    • RS and RA Messages: used to configure IPv6 GUAs
      • Router Solicitation (RS): messages sent by host devices to discover IPv6 routers
      • Router Advertisement (RA): messages sent by routers to inform hosts on how to obtain an IPv6 GUA
    • RA provides useful network information, including:
      • Network prefix and prefix length
      • Default gateway address
      • DNS addresses and domain name
    • Three methods to configure an IPv6 GUA:
      • SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration)
      • SLAAC with stateless DHCPv6 server
      • Stateful DHCPv6

    SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration)

    • Allows a device to configure a GUA without the services of DHCPv6
    • Device uses either the EUI-64 or random generation method to create an Interface ID
    • Prefix is provided by the RA

    SLAAC with Stateless DHCPv6

    • RA suggests devices use SLAAC to create its own IPv6 GUA
    • RA suggests devices use a stateless DHCPv6 server to obtain other information
    • Device uses the router LLA as the default gateway address

    Stateful DHCPv6

    • RA instructs a device to use stateful DHCPv6 only
    • Device can receive:
      • Automatically configured GUA
      • Prefix length
      • The addresses of DNS servers from a stateful DHCPv6 server

    EUI-64 Process

    • Extended Unique Identifier (EUI) or modified EUI-64 process
    • Inserts a 16-bit value of fffe (in hexadecimal) into the middle of the 48-bit Ethernet MAC address of the client

    IPv6 Multicast Addresses

    • Prefix: ff00::/8
    • Used to send a single IPv6 packet to multiple destinations

    TCP Reliability

    • Data Loss and Retransmission: retransmit segments for unacknowledged data
    • TCP Flow Control: adjusts the rate of data flow between source and destination for a given session
    • Maximum Segment Size (MSS): the maximum amount of data that the destination device can receive
    • Congestion Avoidance: uses timers and algorithms to avoid and control congestion

    UDP

    • Does not establish a connection
    • Provides low overhead data transport due to small datagram header and no network management traffic
    • Does not track sequence numbers or reorder datagrams into their transmission order

    Domain Name Service (DNS)

    • Converts numeric IP addresses into a simple, recognizable name
    • FQDNs (Fully-Qualified Domain Names): used to identify a domain name, e.g. http://www.cisco.com
    • DNS protocol: defines an automated service that matches resource names with the required numeric network address
    • DNS server stores different types of resource records, including:
      • A: an end device IPv4 address
      • NS: an authoritative name server
      • AAAA: an end device IPv6 address
      • MX: a mail exchange record

    DNS Message Format

    • DNS uses a hierarchical system to create a database to provide name resolution
    • Database file is only responsible for managing name-to-IP mappings

    IPv6 Addressing Formats

    • IPv6 addresses are 128 bits in length, written in hexadecimal
    • Preferred format: x:x:x:x:x:x:x:x (each "x" consisting of four hexadecimal values)
    • Example: 2001:0db8:0000:00a3:abcd:0000:0000:1234

    IPv6 Address Representation Rules

    • Rule 1: omit leading zeros
    • Rule 2: use a double colon (::) to replace any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit hextets consisting of all zeros

    IPv6 Address Types

    • Three broad categories: Unicast, Multicast, and Anycast
    • Unicast: uniquely identifies an interface on an IPv6-enabled device
    • Multicast: used to send a single IPv6 packet to multiple destinations
    • Anycast: can be assigned to multiple devices, packet routed to the nearest device having that address

    IPv6 Prefix Length

    • Represented in slash notation and used to indicate the network portion of an IPv6 address
    • Recommended IPv6 prefix length for LANs and other types of networks is /64

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    Learn about IPv6 addresses, their 128-bit length, and how to write them in hexadecimal format. Understand the rules for representing IPv6 addresses, including omitting leading zeros.

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