Computer Hardware and Software Overview

<p>Touchscreen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To collect data from users and other sources. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Programs that perform specific tasks on a computer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software that manages a computer's hardware resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To execute instructions from programs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporary storage for data and programs in execution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software that performs specific tasks to improve system performance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A professional who designs and tests computer software (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A set of instructions executed by a computer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are commonly used as central processing units on chips (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>255 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ASCII (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2j-1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Represents characters for various languages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As sequences of 0s and 1s (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$2^{j-1}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>157 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By combining bytes, the computer can interpret numbers as a single, larger unit, exceeding the limit of a single byte. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unicode can represent a wider range of characters, including those in languages other than English. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A byte is sufficient to store the binary representation of most commonly used characters and single-digit numbers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They convert different types of data, including characters, numbers, and images, into binary representations for storage and processing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>255 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary representations are more efficient than decimal representations, leading to faster processing speeds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10001011₂ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>181₁₀ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>255₁₀ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>53₁₀ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>26₁₀ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A compiler translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program that can be executed directly by the CPU. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Machine language instructions are binary numbers, making them extremely difficult to read, write, and debug for humans. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low-level languages are closer in nature to machine language, while high-level languages provide a more abstract and user-friendly interface for programmers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cycle enables the CPU to retrieve instructions from memory, interpret their meaning, and then perform the specified operations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An assembler translates assembly language instructions, written using mnemonics, into machine language for execution by the CPU. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syntax defines the specific structure and grammar rules that must be followed when writing programs in a particular programming language. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key words are reserved words with specific meanings, acting as building blocks for constructing instructions and controlling program flow. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Machine language is the only language that the CPU can directly understand and execute, making it essential for running high-level code. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$25 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SalePrice = OriginalPrice - AmountSaved (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$42.50 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$83.20 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Set AmountSaved = OriginalPrice * (DiscountRate/100) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>OriginalPrice, DiscountRate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Set Tax = SalePrice *.065 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Write SalePrice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Test the program (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Create a flowchart to visually represent the steps involved in calculating the cake cost. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Describe the calculation in plain English, focusing on the logical steps involved. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oval (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Performs calculations to determine the cost for each item and then sums up all the calculated costs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A specific task that the program must be able to perform. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Listing logical steps required to perform a task in a clear and sequential manner. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Designing the program, defining the specific tasks and inputs needed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The physical devices that make up a computer.

Programs that run on a computer, controlling its functions.

Programs that make computers useful for everyday tasks like word processing, email, and games.

Programs that control and manage the basic operations of a computer, such as the operating system.

A set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

The part of the computer that actually runs programs; the most important component.

Where a computer stores a program while it runs, allowing quick access to data.

Software that performs specific tasks to enhance computer operation or safeguard data.

Devices that hold data for long periods, storing programs to be loaded to main memory when needed.

A secondary storage device that magnetically encodes data onto a spinning circular disk.

A faster secondary storage device with no moving parts, using solid state memory to store data.

A component that collects data from people or other devices, such as a keyboard or mouse.

A device that formats and presents data produced by the computer for users, such as monitors and printers.

A numbering system using only 0s and 1s to represent data.

The smallest unit of data in a computer, representing a single binary value (0 or 1).

A group of eight bits used to represent a single character or small number in memory.

Methods to convert data into binary format for storage and processing.

A character encoding standard using numeric codes for 128 characters; limited to English letters and symbols.

A universal coding scheme that can represent characters from multiple languages, expanding beyond ASCII.

The decimal value of a binary number is found by summing the positional values of its 1s.

A byte can represent values from 0 to 255, where 0 is all bits off and 255 is all bits on.

A numbering system that uses only 0s and 1s to represent data.

Computers represent integers using binary, converting decimal values to a sequence of 0s and 1s.

The smallest unit of data in a computer, representing a single value of 0 or 1.

A group of eight bits used to represent a single character or small number.

To find the decimal value of a binary number, sum the positional values of the 1s.

Breaking down a base 10 number into powers of ten.

Binary is a base 2 system using only 0 and 1.

Steps to convert a decimal number to binary using division by 2.

Remainders from base 10 division form the binary number.

1. Divide, note quotient and remainder. Continue until 0.

The CPU performs basic actions like reading, adding, and subtracting data.

The process where the CPU fetches, decodes, and executes instructions from memory.

A low-level programming language that uses mnemonics instead of binary code.

Programming languages that are user-friendly and abstract away hardware details.

Predefined words that have specific meanings in high-level programming languages.

Symbols that perform operations on data, like arithmetic operations.

Programs that translate high-level code into machine code for execution.

Programs that directly execute high-level instructions without conversion to machine code.

The price after a discount is applied to the original price.

The discount amount you gain from a sale, calculated from the original price.

An additional charge on taxable goods, calculated as a percentage of the sale price.

The final amount to pay, including sale price and sales tax.

The initial price of an item before any discounts are applied.

The percentage reduction applied to the original price.

The initial values needed for calculations, such as item name, original price, and discount rate.

A high-level description of the steps in a calculation process, using simplified, read-aloud-like commands.

The stages involved in creating a program: design, code, correct syntax, test, and fix logic errors.

A set of defined logical steps to complete a specific task in programming.

A diagram that visually represents the steps involved in a program's process.

Data received by a program while it operates, necessary for processing.

The action performed on input data to achieve the desired outcome.

Information produced by a program after processing input data.

Tasks the program must accomplish to meet user needs, derived from customer interaction.