Computer Hardware and Software Overview

The tangible and physical elements of a computer system.

Raw data that is fed into a computer for processing.

Data that has been processed or transformed by a computer.

The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer that executes instructions and performs calculations.

Temporary storage that holds data being actively used by the processor.

Permanent storage that holds data even when the computer is off.

A set of instructions that tells a computer what to do.

Software that manages the computer's internal workings and provides a user interface.

A firmware that resides in ROM, performing a series of tasks called POST (Power On Self Test).

A type of software that manages the computer's resources, provides a user interface, and runs applications.

A built-in test that checks for basic hardware functionality when the computer is powered on.

A type of UI where the user interacts with a graphical environment of windows, icons, and menus.

A type of software that controls how multiple users access and share resources on a network.

A small program that allows an operating system to communicate with hardware devices.

A type of system software that supports computer infrastructure, such as anti-virus and disk compression tools.

Software that converts an entire program from a high-level language into machine language, which the computer can directly understand.

The head of the IT department who plans, organizes, and oversees all aspects of the IT project, including resources and staff.

These professionals design software solutions and applications to address specific business needs.

They write, test, and maintain code that translates user instructions into instructions the computer can understand.

They setup and operate the computer systems, ensure efficient processing, and troubleshoot technical issues.

They transform paper documents into digital formats that the computer can read.

They are responsible for the security, integrity, and availability of data in an organization.

This specialization deals with the protection of information technology systems and data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.

This specialization focuses on designing and developing websites and online applications that are accessible and interactive for users on the internet.

A standard procedure that browsers and servers use to exchange data over the internet.

A secure version of HTTP that encrypts all information exchanged between the browser and server.

A company that provides internet access and related services, like domain registration and hosting.

A unique numerical address that identifies each device connected to the internet.

A human-readable name that represents an IP address, making it easier to remember and type.

The system that translates domain names into IP addresses, allowing you to visit websites by typing their names.

The last part of a domain name that indicates the type of organization or location.

A complete web address that points to a specific web page or file, including the protocol, domain name, and path.

A global network of interconnected computers communicating using standard protocols to exchange data.

The primary architect of ARPANET, a precursor to the modern internet.

The transmission control protocol and internet protocol (TCP/IP) became the standard for communicating over the internet.

A collection of interconnected multimedia documents that are stored on the internet and accessed using HTTP.

An electronic document on the web, often containing text, images, and links.

A group of related web pages, typically organized around a specific topic.

The markup language used to create web pages, defining the structure and content.

A unique address used to identify and access resources on the World Wide Web.

A network topology where all devices are connected to a central hub, allowing for easy setup and centralized management.

A network topology where devices are connected in a circular arrangement, with data flowing in one direction.

A network topology where devices are connected in a hierarchical structure, with a central root node and branches extending downwards.

A network topology that combines elements of two or more other topologies, creating a complex and often customized network.

A network topology where every device is connected to every other device, providing high redundancy and reliability.