Computer Basics Quiz

Computer Basics

• A computer is an electronic device that operates under instructions stored in its own memory.
• It accepts data (input), processes data according to rules, produces information (output), and stores information for later use.

Data

• Data is a collection of unorganized facts.
• It includes words, numbers, images, and sounds.
• Computers process data to create information.

Information

• Information is organized data with meaning and usefulness.
• Examples include reports, newsletters, receipts, pictures, invoices, and checks.

Terms of Computer Technology

• Input: Data entered into a computer.
• Output: Processed results from a computer.
• Storage: A place where a computer holds data and information.
• User: A person who interacts with or uses a computer.
• Hardware: The physical components of a computer.
• Software: Instructions that tell the hardware how to perform tasks.

Hardware

• Computer hardware is the collection of physical components (tangible objects) that make up a computer system.
• Components include machinery, wires, transistors, and circuits.

Input Devices

• Input devices are peripherals that provide data and control signals to a computer system.
• They translate human-understandable data into a form the computer can use.
• Common examples include keyboards and mouses.

Examples of Input Devices

• Keyboard
• Touch screen
• Touchpads
• Mouse
• Scanner
• Microphone
• Webcam
• Graphics Tablets
• Video Capture Hardware
• Barcode reader
• Gamepad
• MIDI keyboard
• Cameras
• Pen Input
• Microphone
• Trackballs
• Digital camera
• Joystick
• Electronic Whiteboard

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• CPU (also known as microprocessor or processor) is responsible for all the functions and processes of a computer.

CPU Components

• The CPU has three main parts:
  • ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Executes arithmetic and logical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and comparisons.
  • Control Unit (CU): Controls and coordinates computer components, reading instructions, managing program counter, and retrieving data from memory (and other processes).
  • Registers: Stores data to be executed next; a very fast storage area.

Primary Memory

• RAM (Random Access Memory): A temporary memory scheme that stores data on a temporary basis for quick access by the processor. It's volatile, meaning data is lost when power is off. Data is accessed randomly (directly using row and column information).
• ROM (Read Only Memory): A permanent memory that retains data even without power. It's not modifiable.

Secondary Memory

• Stores data and programs permanently.
• Data remains even when power is off.

Examples of Secondary Memory

• Hard Disk (HDD)
• Optical Disk (e.g., CD, DVD, Blu-ray)
• Flash memory

Hard Disk

• Also known as HDD.
• Stores and provides quick access to large amounts of data.
• Stores data on electromagnetical charged surfaces.

Optical Disk and Flash

• Optical disc drive (ODD) uses laser light to store data.
• Types: CD, DVD, Blu-ray Disc
• CD capacity: up to 700MB
• DVD capacity: up to 8.4GB
• Blu-ray Disc capacity: up to 50GB
• Flash disk: storage module using flash memory chips. Data accessed as if on a hard drive.

RAM vs. Hard Disk

• RAM is temporary storage; hard disk is permanent storage.
• RAM has a smaller capacity than a hard disk.
• Data in RAM disappears when the computer is turned off.
• Data in a hard disk remains even when power is off.

Software

• Software is an organized collection of computer data and instructions. -It is often classified into two categories:
  • System software: Manages computer components; handles basic tasks.
  • Application software: Accomplishes specific user tasks.

System Software

• Also known as an Operating System (OS).
• Controls, integrates, and manages a computer's hardware components.
• Examples include Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OSX, and DOS.

Application Software

• Used to accomplish specific tasks beyond just running the computer system.
• Can be single programs, small packages, or larger software suites with shared formats.
• Examples include web browsers, word processors, spreadsheets, presentation software, and graphics software programs.

Data, Information, and Knowledge

• Data: Unorganized facts and figures.
• Information: Processed and organized data, with meaning and purpose.
• Knowledge: Understanding and application of data and information.

Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of computers, including data, information, and essential terminology. This quiz covers various aspects of computer hardware and software, as well as their functions. Perfect for beginners looking to understand how computers operate.