Computer Hardware and Software Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the control unit in a computer's motherboard?

  • Acts as temporary storage
  • Carries out calculations
  • Controls the input and output devices (correct)
  • Stores permanent information

RAM is a type of permanent memory that retains data even when the computer is turned off.

False (B)

What are the two main types of internal storage devices mentioned?

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) and Solid State Drive (SSD)

The _____ stores anything that needs to be changed temporarily.

<p>RAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of memory with their characteristics:

<p>RAM = Volatile memory that loses data when powered off ROM = Non-volatile memory used for permanent information</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an external hardware device?

<p>Keyboard (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of software in a computer system?

<p>To control the computer systems through programs and instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the disadvantages of scale models produced using layering technology?

<p>They are very noisy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wide format printers are limited to normal printer paper sizes.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ultimate objective do scaling models aim to achieve?

<p>Produce organic objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The common types of devices that produce hard copies include pen plotters, electrostatic devices, and _____ plotters.

<p>inkjet</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following devices to their characteristics:

<p>Pen Plotters = Coloured pens controlled by a computer Electrostatic = Similar method to laser printers Inkjet Plotters = Produces output quickly Wide Format Printer = Can produce large, highly accurate drawings</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using robots in everyday life?

<p>Increased manufacturing efficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maintaining safer working environments is a key benefit of using robots.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two unique biometric identifiers.

<p>Fingerprints and face</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quantum cryptography allows messages to be sent with complete ___.

<p>privacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the biometric identifiers with their description:

<p>Fingerprints = Unique patterns on fingers Iris = Colored ring surrounding the pupil of the eye Voice = Identification based on speech patterns Retina = Thin layer of tissue at the back of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a negative impact of increased use of robotics?

<p>Unemployment due to automation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Biometric identifiers must be added to a system after it is fully operational.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe one application of quantum cryptography.

<p>Sending messages with complete privacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Robots can take over ___ chores to increase personal time.

<p>domestic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of mobile phones?

<p>Easy to carry around (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A mouse is more intuitive for the order of numbers compared to a mobile phone.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which device is commonly regarded as a primary output device for computers?

<p>IPS/LCD Monitor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the left button on a mouse?

<p>Selecting items</p> Signup and view all the answers

CRT monitors produce less glare than IPS/LCD monitors.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A __________ is a pointing device that uses a ball to detect movement.

<p>tracker ball</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following input devices with their characteristics:

<p>Mouse = Uses a ball to detect movement Keyboard = Difficult for entering text on mobile devices Tracker Ball = Detects movement with a stationary ball Mobile Phone = Easy to carry and portable</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technology does the IPS in IPS/LCD monitors refer to?

<p>In-plane switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

IPS/LCD monitors consume much less _____ than CRT monitors.

<p>power</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of using mobile phones as input devices?

<p>Keys are very small (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The tracker ball is easier to use than a mouse for dragging and dropping.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the devices with their corresponding uses:

<p>Automatic teller machines = Public information points EFTPOS = Electronic fund transfer point of sales PDA = Personal digital assistant Smartphones = Mobile communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature of a mouse assists in scrolling through documents?

<p>Scroll button</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of IPS/LCD monitors when viewed from the side?

<p>Image appears unclear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frequent usage of IPS/LCD monitors can lead to repetitive strain injury (RSI).

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary function of a keyboard is for __________.

<p>typing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a typical use of a mouse?

<p>Opening and closing applications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the visibility and sensitivity of a monitor over time with constant use?

<p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Multimedia projectors commonly receive _____ and digital signals.

<p>analogue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an advantage of using IPS/LCD monitors?

<p>Less glare (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Computer Hardware

The physical components of a computer system that you can touch.

Computer Software

The programs that control the computer and tell it what to do.

Motherboard

A single integrated circuit board that forms the foundation of a computer.

RAM

Random Access Memory; temporary storage for data and programs the computer is actively using.

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ROM

Read-Only Memory; permanent storage for critical startup instructions and configuration data

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Internal Storage

Storage devices inside the computer, such as HDDs and SSDs for long-term data storage.

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Processor

The component that executes instructions and carries out tasks.

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Biometrics

Using a unique part of a person's body for identification.

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What are some examples of biometric identifiers?

Fingerprint, retina, iris, face, and voice are all unique to each individual and can be used for identification.

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How do biometrics impact everyday life?

Improved security at airports and other locations, as well as personalized access control systems.

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What are the potential benefits of robots in daily life?

Increased personal time, higher manufacturing efficiency, and safer working environments due to robots taking over tasks that are dangerous or repetitive.

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What is the potential downside of robots in the workplace?

Robots may lead to unemployment as they replace humans in automated jobs.

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Quantum Cryptography

A method of sending secure messages and data with extremely high levels of privacy, using advanced encryption.

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How does Quantum Cryptography work?

It uses quantum mechanics to create unbreakable encryption, significantly faster than traditional methods.

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What is the key difference between Quantum Cryptography and traditional cryptography?

Quantum cryptography relies on the principles of quantum mechanics for faster and more secure communication, while traditional cryptography uses mathematical algorithms.

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What is the potential impact of Quantum Cryptography?

It promises extremely secure and private communication, revolutionizing online security and privacy.

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What are some disadvantages of 3D printing?

3D printing can be noisy, expensive to buy, slow, and produce low-quality prints.

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What are some advantages of 3D printing?

3D printing saves money, is efficient for prototypes, and allows for the reuse of materials.

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What are wide format printers used for?

Wide format printers produce large, highly accurate drawings and posters.

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What are some examples of wide format printers?

Pen plotters, electrostatic plotters, and inkjet plotters are common types of wide format printers.

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What is the ultimate goal of 3D printing?

The ultimate goal is to produce organic objects using layering technology, such as replacement human organs.

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Input Devices

Devices that allow you to enter data into a computer.

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Output Devices

Devices that display or present data from a computer.

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Keyboard

A common input device used to enter text and control the computer.

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Mouse

A pointing device used to move the cursor on the screen, click buttons, and navigate.

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Tracker Ball

A stationary pointing device with a ball that controls the cursor.

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Mobile Phones (as input/output)

Can be used as both input and output devices, with features like touchscreens and keyboards for input and displays for output.

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Advantages of Mobile Phones

They are portable, convenient, and can access information on the go.

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Disadvantages of Mobile Phones

They have small keys and screens, making some tasks difficult.

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Input Devices and Their Uses

Different input devices are used for various tasks, like typing, drawing, or controlling the cursor.

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Pointing Devices

Devices like mice and trackballs used to control the cursor and interact with the screen.

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LCD Monitor's Function

LCD monitors display information by using liquid crystal diodes, which are arranged into pixels to present images.

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LCD Pixel Composition

LCD pixels are generally made up of red, green, and blue (RGB) subpixels, enabling a wide range of colors to be displayed.

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LCD Signal Types

LCD monitors accept both analog and digital signals, but digital inputs are more common with modern monitors.

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IPS Technology

IPS (In-Plane Switching) enhances the viewing angle of LCD monitors, making the image clear even when viewed slightly from the side.

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LCD Monitor Advantages

These monitors offer benefits like light weight, low glare, reduced radiation, and lower power consumption compared to old CRT monitors.

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LCD Monitor Disadvantages

LCD monitors come with limitations like critical viewing angles (image distortion), limited use with light pens, and potential for screen dirt affecting visibility.

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Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) Use

ATMs are a prime example of how LCD monitors aid user interaction, allowing them to see their input and transaction details.

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EFTPOS: Point of Sale

EFTPOS systems, using LCD monitors, enable users to make secure payments electronically at retail locations.

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LCD Monitors in PDAs & Smartphones

LCD screens are essential for mobile devices like PDAs and smartphones, providing a clear interface for user interactions.

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LCD Monitor Pros and Cons Summary

While LCD monitors offer lightness, low glare, and energy efficiency, they are limited by viewing angles, light pen incompatibility, and susceptibility to screen dirt.

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Study Notes

IGCSE ICT 0417 Theory Notes

  • This course prepares students for the IGCSE ICT 0417 exam.
  • It allows for independent study at one's own pace.
  • WhatsApp support is available from Mr Saem until the examinations.
  • The course content is modular, with videos, past papers, video solutions, and notes.

Topic 1: Types and Components of Computer Systems

  • Hardware: The physical components of a computer system.
  • Internal Hardware Devices: Processor, motherboard, RAM, ROM, video cards, sound cards, hard disk drives (HDD), solid state drives (SSD).
  • External Hardware Devices: Monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer, external storage devices.
  • Software: Programs that control computer systems, not physically touchable (unlike hardware).
  • Application Software: Programs that allow the user to perform tasks, e.g., word processing, spreadsheets, databases.
  • System Software: Allows hardware to run properly, manages hardware and applications, and communicates with users.
  • Examples of System Software: Operating system, device drivers, compilers.

Topic 1.2: Main Components of Computer Systems

  • CPU (Central Processing Unit): The microprocessor interprets and executes computer commands.

Topic 1.3: Operating Systems

  • Function: Enables communication with computer systems; controls input, output, and storage; manages applications securely.

Topic 1.4: Types of Computers

  • Desktops/Personal Computers: General purpose; made up of separate components (e.g., monitor, keyboard, mouse, processing unit).

  • Laptops/Notebooks: Single unit. Portable but with limited power compared to desktops

  • Tablets: Handheld, touch-screen devices performing tasks of other devices. Portable, but with limited processing power

  • Smartwatches: Use OLED technology. Feature: connectivity, messaging, fitness tracking, and notifications

  • Mainframe Computers: Large, powerful systems for extensive data processing (e.g., banking, insurance).

Topic 1.5: Emerging Technologies

  • Artificial Intelligence (AI): Technology mimicking human intelligence; tasks include game enhancement, decision aid, and robot development.
  • Biometrics: Technologies using unique physical characteristics for identity verification (e.g., fingerprints, iris scans).

Section 2: Input and Output Devices

  • Keyboards (QWERTY/Ergonomic): Inputting text; ergonomic keyboards reduce health issues.
  • Numeric Keypads: Inputting numbers, common in ATMs and other financial transactions.
  • Mouse: Pointing and navigating; various types.
  • Touchpads: Touch-sensitive pointing devices, common in laptops.
  • Touchscreens: Direct input using touch, common in mobile devices, and service terminals.
  • Scanners (OMR, OCR): Inputting printed images (e.g., multiple choice exams).
  • Joysticks: Controlling a pointer on a screen, often used in games.
  • Remote Controls: Operating devices remotely using infra-red signals.
  • Video Cameras: Recording moving images for storing or transmission.
  • Microphones: Inputting sound.

Section 3: Storage Devices and Media

  • Fixed Hard Disks (HDD): Common storage; use read/write heads to manipulate data on a magnetic disk. Holds data in a non-removable, internal form.
  • Portable/Removable Drives: External USB drives, etc.: Transferring data; portable but not as reliable as HDDs
  • Magnetic Tapes: Archival storage; used in batch processing due to cost-effectiveness. Records data on magnetic tapes that are read via a read/write head.
  • Optical Discs (CD-ROM/DVD-ROM): Use laser light; read-only, not rewritable.
  • DVD-R/CD-R: Recordable, but once written, cannot be erased.
  • CD-RW/DVD-RW: Rewritable multiple times; re-usable storage media
  • Blu-Ray Disks: Higher capacity, commonly used in video disc players. Blu Ray has better quality than DVDs.
  • Solid-State Drives (SSDs): Electronic storage; no moving parts. Significantly faster than magnetic storage. Very robust and less expensive than other drives.

Section 4: Networks & Effects of Using them

  • Routers: Devices that enable data transfer between different networks.
  • Network Interface Cards (NICs): Adapters for network connections. Wired or wireless.
  • Hubs: Devices connecting multiple network devices together.

Section 6: ICT Applications in Manufacturing

  • Automation: Robots taking over heavy tasks; increased productivity.
  • Robotics: Automation in manufacturing, such as assembly, machining, and handling tasks.

Section 6: ICT Applications in Manufacturing

  • Robotics: Automated tools performing repetitive tasks.
  • School Management Systems: Systems to record and handle student information, attendance, and performance.
  • Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): Automated transaction systems for financial transactions (e.g., cash withdrawals).

Section 6.10: Computers in Medical Records

  • Patient records: Databases for patient details (identifying disease & treatment).
  • Patient identification: Using barcode systems or fingerprints.
  • Pharmacy records: Generating labels and checking for drug allergies.
  • Patient monitoring: Systems to monitor vital signs.

Section 7: System Life Cycle

  • Analysis: Understanding the existing system.
  • Design: Planning specifications for new system.
  • Development/Testing: Creating the new system and testing its functionality.
  • Implementation: Introducing the new system into use.
  • Documentation: Creating user manuals and technical documentation.
  • Evaluation: Assessing the new system's performance.

Section 8: Safety and Security

  • Physical safety: Hazards (electrical, heavy objects). Preventing accidents in the workplace when using ICT and appropriate safety precautions should be taken.
  • Electronic/E-safety: Hazards and precautions for online use to avoid harm; safeguarding digital information, such as usernames and passwords.
  • Data security: Information protection measures (data encryption, verification processes).

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IGCSE ICT 0417 Theory Notes PDF

Description

This quiz covers fundamental concepts related to computer hardware and software, including the functions of the control unit, types of memory, and the role of software in a computer system. Additionally, it addresses external hardware devices and the advantages of using robots in various applications.

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