Computer Hardware and Functions Quiz
41 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the accumulator (ACC) in the ALU?

  • Converting binary data into human-readable format
  • Storing memory addresses
  • Holding one of the operands for arithmetic operations (correct)
  • Managing input and output devices

    • The output unit of a computer converts binary data into a format that is understandable to humans.

    True (A)

    Name two common output devices of a computer.

    Monitor, Printer

    The primary storage of the computer is known as the ______.

    <p>Memory Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following computer hardware components with their categories:

    <p>Keyboard = Input Devices Monitor = Output Devices Hard Drive = Storage Devices CPU = Internal Components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes input devices?

    <p>Devices that allow users to enter data into the computer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A keyboard is not considered an input device because it does not convert data.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routing protocols directs data through a network?

    <p>RIP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Analog computers process data in discrete values.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Network Address Translation (NAT)?

    <p>To direct incoming and outgoing traffic to the correct devices in a private network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ computer combines the features of both analog and digital computers.

    <p>hybrid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of computers with their descriptions:

    <p>Analog Computer = Processes continuous data Digital Computer = Processes binary data Hybrid Computer = Combination of analog and digital NAT = Directs network traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the storage capacity range of internal cartridges?

    <p>2 GB to 160 GB (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A hard disk pack is typically used for storing small amounts of data.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of a computer is known as the heart of the computer?

    <p>CPU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main circuit board inside a computer that contains most of the electronic components is called the ______.

    <p>motherboard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their descriptions:

    <p>CPU = Heart of the computer RAM = Temporary memory Motherboard = Main circuit board Hard Disk Packs = Storage of large amounts of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit performs arithmetic operations in the CPU?

    <p>Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data stored in RAM is permanent even after the computer is turned off.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one type of memory that holds data currently being processed.

    <p>RAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ unit directs the operation of the CPU according to instructions from memory.

    <p>control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rotation speed of a typical hard disk drive?

    <p>7200 RPM (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A floppy disk is a rigid storage medium that cannot be removed from a computer once inserted.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary material used for storing information on hard disks?

    <p>magnetic patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A floppy disk typically has a storage capacity of _____ MB for the 3.5-inch size.

    <p>1.44</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of disks with their characteristics:

    <p>Hard Disk = Rigid magnetic disk for direct access Floppy Disk = Removable flexible plastic storage Optical Disk = Uses laser technology for data access Magnetic Disk = Records information as magnetic spots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a direct-access storage device?

    <p>Hard Disk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Optical disks are considered older than magnetic disks.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the circular divisions on the surface of a disk where data is stored?

    <p>tracks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An optical disk is made primarily of _____ material.

    <p>glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two common sizes of floppy disks mentioned?

    <p>3.5” and 5.25” (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a modem?

    <p>To convert digital signals to analog signals and vice versa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Network Interface Card (NIC) is only available in wireless form.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a protocol suite in network communication?

    <p>To manage communication and ensure proper data transfer between computers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TCP stands for Transmission Control __________.

    <p>Protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their functions:

    <p>TCP = Ensures reliable data transmission IP = Addresses and routes packets of data NIC = Connects computer to a network Buffer = Temporarily stores data during transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a buffering mechanism?

    <p>Temporary Data Storage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Directing data to applications is the last step in data transmission.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does flow control help to prevent in data transmission?

    <p>Data loss or system overload.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radio waves are effective for __________ communication due to their ability to cover long distances.

    <p>wide-area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is responsible for establishing a connection between devices?

    <p>TCP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Accumulator (ACC)

    The main register in the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) that holds one of the operands involved in a calculation.

    Memory Unit

    The primary storage component of a computer that holds both data and instructions. It stores information temporarily while the computer is running.

    Input Devices

    Devices that allow the user to enter data and instructions into the computer.

    Keyboard

    The most common input device for computers, used to input data by typing on keys.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Output Devices

    Devices that display or output processed information from the computer in a user-understandable format.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Computer Hardware

    Physical components of a computer that are visible and tangible.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Storage Devices

    Components of computer hardware that store data for longer durations, providing a way to save and retrieve data.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Analog Computer

    A computer that processes continuous data, often representing physical quantities like temperature or speed. It uses analog signals, which vary smoothly over time.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Digital Computer

    A computer that processes data in discrete units, like numbers or letters. It uses binary digits (0s and 1s) to represent information.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hybrid Computer

    A computer that combines the features of both Analog and Digital computers. It processes both continuous and discrete data.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    NAT (Network Address Translation)

    A technique used by routers to translate private network addresses to public ones. It allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Routing Protocol

    Software that determines the best path for data to travel through a network. It ensures data reaches its destination efficiently.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Internal Cartridges

    Internal cartridges offer easy removal and storage capacities ranging from 2GB to 16GB.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hard Disk Packs

    These are used to store large amounts of data, frequently employed by organizations handling extensive amounts of information like banks and government bodies.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    CPU: What's the brain of the computer?

    The CPU (Central Processing Unit), often called the brain of the computer, executes instructions and processes data.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    CPU Units

    The CPU contains three primary units: the Control Unit, which directs operations; the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which performs calculations; and the Memory Unit, which stores data and instructions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    CPU Functionality

    Input is received by the CPU through input devices and goes to memory. The control unit retrieves instructions from memory and directs the ALU to perform operations based on instructions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Motherboard

    The motherboard serves as the main circuit board in a computer, integrating most of the electronic components. It provides the framework for connecting all other parts.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    RAM: What is temporary memory?

    RAM is volatile memory, meaning data is lost when the computer is turned off. It temporarily stores programs and data being actively used.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    RAM Types

    RAM is classified into two types: DRAM (Dynamic RAM) and SRAM (Static RAM).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    RAM Modifiable?

    Data stored in RAM can be changed or written over as needed.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Radio Waves

    A type of electromagnetic radiation that can travel long distances and is used for communication.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Interface Hardware

    Hardware that connects a computer to a network, managing the flow of data between devices. Examples include modems and network interface cards (NICs).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Modem

    A type of interface hardware that converts digital signals from a computer to analog signals for transmission over telephone lines, and vice versa.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Network Interface Card (NIC)

    A hardware component that allows computers to connect to a network. It can be wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Protocol Suites

    Software protocols that manage communication and ensure proper data transfer between computers over a network. TCP/IP is a common example.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

    A protocol in TCP/IP that ensures reliable data transmission by establishing a connection, controlling data flow, and managing packet loss.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    IP (Internet Protocol)

    A protocol in TCP/IP responsible for addressing and routing packets of data to their destination.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Connection Setup

    The process of establishing a communication connection between devices, ensuring they can communicate effectively. For example, HTTP requests in web browsers set up a connection.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Flow control

    A mechanism that ensures data is transmitted at a rate that both sending and receiving devices can handle, preventing data loss or system overload.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Buffering Mechanisms

    Mechanisms that manage data flow between devices with different processing speeds by temporarily storing data in buffers.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hard Disk

    A type of secondary storage device using a rigid magnetic disk, divided into concentric circles called tracks, and further divided into sectors. Data is stored as magnetic patterns on the disk's surface.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Floppy Disk

    A removable storage device consisting of a thin flexible plastic disk coated with magnetic oxide. Data is stored as magnetic patterns on the disk's surface.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Optical Disk

    A type of secondary storage device that uses light technology to store data, often on glass discs. Data is encoded in a pattern of pits and lands on the disk surface.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Tracks on a Magnetic Disk

    Concentric circles on a magnetic disk where data is stored. Think of them as lanes on a race track.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sectors on a Magnetic Disk

    Units of data on a magnetic disk, representing a portion of a track. Like slices of a pie, these sections hold chunks of data.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    RPM (Revolutions Per Minute)

    The speed at which a magnetic disk (like a hard drive) rotates.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    READ/WRITE Head

    A device that reads and writes data to a hard disk.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Direct-Access Storage Device

    A storage device that allows access to any data location directly, without having to go through a sequential process.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sequential Access Storage Device

    A type of storage device that requires reading data sequentially, from start to finish.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    High Capacity Storage Device

    A storage device that is capable of holding large amounts of data.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Overview of Computer Systems

    • A computer is an electronic device that accepts data, processes it, and provides information.
    • It functions by accepting data, inputting, storing, executing instructions, performing mathematical and logical operations on data, and outputting results.
    • Input devices allow users to enter data into the system (e.g., keyboard, mouse).
    • The central processing unit (CPU) controls the overall operation of the system.
    • The ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) performs arithmetic and logical operations.
    • The CU (Control Unit) manages the sequence of instructions and commands.
    • Memory stores data temporarily or permanently (RAM, ROM).
    • Output devices display or produce results (e.g., monitor, printer).
    • Storage devices, such as hard drives and CDs, store data persistently.
    • The CPU controls input and output devices, and application programs and memory units.

    Components of a Computer System

    • Input Unit: Receives data and instructions (e.g., keyboard, mouse, scanner).
    • CPU: The brain of the computer (control unit, ALU, and memory registers).
    • Output Unit: Displays results (e.g., monitor, printer, speakers).
    • Memory Unit: Stores data and instructions (RAM, ROM).
    • Secondary Storage: Stores data persistently (hard drives, CDs, DVDs).

    Computer Hardware Parts

    • Input Devices: Devices to enter data into the computer (e.g. Keyboard, Mouse).
    • Output Devices: Devices to display or produce output of data (e.g. Monitor, Printer).
    • Storage Devices: Devices to store data persistently (e.g., Hard drive, SSD).
    • Internal Components :Components inside the computer (e.g. CPU, Motherboard).

    Input Devices

    • Keyboard: Most common input device using keys.
    • Mouse: A pointing device to move the cursor on the screen.
    • Scanner: Converts images to digital form.
    • Trackball: Similar to a mouse but stationary.
    • Light Pen: Pointing device to interact with the CRT screen.
    • Microphone: Converts sound into electrical signals.
    • Optical Character Reader (OCR): Reads characters from paper.
    • Bar Code Reader: Scans and reads barcodes.

    Output Devices

    • Monitor: Displays text, images, and video.
    • Printer: Prints output onto paper.
    • Plotter: Produces high-quality drawings on paper.
    • Speakers: Output audio.

    Storage Devices

    • CD/DVD (Compact Disc Read Only Memory, Compact Disc Read Write): Optical storage media.
    • Hard disk: Stores data on spinning magnetic disks.
    • Floppy disk: Older storage media.
    • Internal Cartridges: Store data in a removable cartridge format.

    Internal Components

    • CPU (Central Processing Unit): Directs all computer activities.
    • Motherboard: The main circuit board in a computer.
    • RAM (Random Access Memory): Stores data and instructions currently being used by the computer.
    • ROM (Read-Only Memory): Stores permanent instructions.

    Memory

    • Primary Memory (RAM): Stores data being used in current processes.
    • Secondary Memory (storage): Stores data for later use.
    • Cache Memory: Speeding up operations by caching more frequently accessed data

    Protocols and Standards

    • Protocols: Rules that govern how data is transmitted between computers and devices.
      • Examples: TCP/IP, HTTP, SIP, SATA, XML, RSS.
    • Standards: Agreed-upon methods, criteria, or specifications that ensure compatibility among systems.
    • Example: ASCII, Unicode, MPEG standards.

    Types of Computer

    • Analytical Computers: Work with continuous data types.
    • Digital Computers: Work with binary data representation (0s and 1s).
    • Hybrid Computers: Combine the features of both the above.

    Virtualization

    • Virtualization creates a virtual version of actual technology like OS, server, storage.
    • Virtual machines simulate physical hardware.
    • Businesses efficiently use hardware through virtualization.

    Computer History

    • Key Figures: Pascal, Babbage, Leibniz, Jacquard
    • Early Devices: Abacus, Napier's Bones, Slide rules
    • Early Computers: Mark I, ABC, ENIAC, EDVAC, IAS.

    Operating Systems

    • Early eras without operating systems: Manual configuration.
    • Key developments in operating systems:
      • Batch processing (e.g., FORTRAN Monitor System, IBSYS).
      • Multi-user sharing (e.g., OS/360, CTSS, Multics).
      • GUI advancements.
    • Modern OS advancements like Windows, Unix, Linux

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Computer Overview 2 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on computer hardware components and their functions. This quiz covers topics such as input and output devices, storage types, and network protocols. Perfect for students in computer science courses.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser