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Questions and Answers
What is the repeated year presented in the content?
What is the repeated year presented in the content?
Which name appears consistently in the content?
Which name appears consistently in the content?
Which of the following years is shown multiple times in a single sequence?
Which of the following years is shown multiple times in a single sequence?
What format is primarily used for the years in the content?
What format is primarily used for the years in the content?
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Which detail is NOT presented in the provided content?
Which detail is NOT presented in the provided content?
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What is the primary focus of the mentioned content?
What is the primary focus of the mentioned content?
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Which of the following is likely the meaning of 'عاطف محسن عاطف رمضان الهمصة'?
Which of the following is likely the meaning of 'عاطف محسن عاطف رمضان الهمصة'?
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Which context can be inferred from the repetition of '2024/2025'?
Which context can be inferred from the repetition of '2024/2025'?
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How does the visual style of the text influence its interpretation?
How does the visual style of the text influence its interpretation?
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In what way could the phrase '2024/2025' be significant?
In what way could the phrase '2024/2025' be significant?
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What year does the document reference for the upcoming period?
What year does the document reference for the upcoming period?
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What is the repeated name in the document?
What is the repeated name in the document?
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Which name appears only once in the text?
Which name appears only once in the text?
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How many times is the full name 'Atef Mohsen' repeated in the document?
How many times is the full name 'Atef Mohsen' repeated in the document?
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What does the document focus on regarding the name mentioned?
What does the document focus on regarding the name mentioned?
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What is the significance of the year 2024/2025 in the content?
What is the significance of the year 2024/2025 in the content?
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Who is mentioned in the content?
Who is mentioned in the content?
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The repetition of '2024/2025' serves what purpose in the content?
The repetition of '2024/2025' serves what purpose in the content?
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What can be inferred about the structure of the content?
What can be inferred about the structure of the content?
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Which of the following best describes the style of the content?
Which of the following best describes the style of the content?
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What might the repeated mention of the years '2024/2025' suggest about the context?
What might the repeated mention of the years '2024/2025' suggest about the context?
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What format is predominantly used in the content?
What format is predominantly used in the content?
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What can be inferred about the significance of '2024/2025'?
What can be inferred about the significance of '2024/2025'?
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What does the name 'Aatif Mohsen Aatif Ramadan Al-Hamza' possibly indicate?
What does the name 'Aatif Mohsen Aatif Ramadan Al-Hamza' possibly indicate?
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What does the name 'عاطف محسن عاطف رمضان الهمسَة' suggest about the individual?
What does the name 'عاطف محسن عاطف رمضان الهمسَة' suggest about the individual?
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Which of the following is implied by the repetition of '2024/2025' in the content?
Which of the following is implied by the repetition of '2024/2025' in the content?
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What could the presence of multiple date notations indicate?
What could the presence of multiple date notations indicate?
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What language is the name 'عاطف محسن عاطف رمضان الهمسَة' primarily written in?
What language is the name 'عاطف محسن عاطف رمضان الهمسَة' primarily written in?
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What does the repetition of the name 'عاطف' suggest about its significance?
What does the repetition of the name 'عاطف' suggest about its significance?
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Study Notes
Computer Graphics Discoveries and Findings
- 1950: Ben Laposky created the first graphic images using an oscilloscope.
- 1951: UNIVAC-I, the first general purpose computer with crude hardcopy devices.
- 1960: MIT's Whirlwind computer displayed real-time video.
- 1961: William Fetter coined the term "computer graphics".
- 1963: Steve Russel developed Spacewars, the first video game.
- 1964: Douglas Engelbart invented the first computer mouse.
- 1965: Ivan Sutherland developed Sketchpad, an interactive computer graphics system.
- 1968: Jack Bresenham designed a line-drawing algorithm; Ivan Sutherland developed a head-mounted display.
- 1969: Bell Labs created the first framebuffer.
- 1972: Nolan Kay Bushnell - Pong (video arcade game).
- 1973: John Whitney, Jr. and Gary Demos created "Westworld", the first film using computer graphics.
- 1974: Edwin Catmull developed texture mapping and Z-buffer algorithm; James Blinn - curved surfaces with texture mapping refinements and specular highlighting.
- 1975: Martin Newell - used Bezier patches .
- 1976: James Blinn - environment mapping.
- 1977: Steve Wozniak - Apple II (color graphics personal computer).
- 1979: Roy Trubshaw and Richard Bartle developed MUD (multi-user dungeon game); Steven Lisberger - "Tron" (Disney's film using 3-D graphics).
- 1982: Tom Brighman's "Morphing" (first film sequence showing character deformation).
- 1984: Wavefront Technologies - Polhemus (first 3D graphics software); Pixar Animation Studios' "Luxo Jr." and "Tin Toy".
- 1985: NES - Nintendo game system.
- 1987: IBM VGA (Video Graphics Array).
- 1989: Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) - SVGA.
- 1990: Hanrahan/Lawson - developed Renderman; Disney's and Pixar's "Beauty and the Beast" widely used CGI .
- 1991: Silicon Graphics - OpenGL specification.
- 1992: University of Illinois - Mosaic (first graphic web browser).
- 1993-1995: Steven Spielberg's "Jurassic Park" (CG film); Buena Vista Picture's "Toy Story" (first full-length computer-generated film).
- 2001: NVIDIA GeForce 25,6/3 chipset.
- 2003: ID Software's Doom 3 graphics engine.
Types of Computer Graphics
- Interactive Computer Graphics (IGU): Two-way communication between user and computer. The displayed image is modified continuously in response to user input devices. Examples: video games.
- Non-Interactive Computer Graphics (Passive): The user has no control over the image. The image is entirely controlled by program instructions, not the user. Example: screensavers.
Choosing Between Interactive and Passive Graphics
- Interactive graphics are more entertaining but harder to manage.
- Passive graphics offer simplicity and easier use.
Major Applications of Computer Graphics
- Display of information: charts, diagrams, graphs.
- Design: architectural, engineering designs.
- User interfaces: computer screens with menus and icons.
- Simulation: physics simulations , weather forecasts .
Core Elements in Computer Graphics
- Modeling: Describing the shapes of objects (geometric modeling, image processing).
- Rendering: Showing the objects in a scene (illumination, visibility processes).
- Interaction: How users interact with the system (input/output devices and tools).
- Animation: Movement of objects and characters.
Classes of Computer Graphics
- Presentation Graphics: charts (bar charts, histograms, pie charts).
- Scientific Graphics: (x-y plots, curve-fitting).
- Cartography: mapmaking, architectural drawings.
- Satellite Imaging: geodesic images.
- Photo Enhancement: improving images.
- Medical Imaging: MRIs, CAT scans.
- Engineering Drawings: mechanical, electrical, civil designs.
Additional Applications
- CAD (Computer-Aided Design): used to design products.
- CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing): used to control manufacturing processes.
- CAI (Computer-Aided Instruction): educational tools.
- CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering): in engineering work.
- Entertainment: motion pictures, music videos, TV shows, games.
- Education and Training: training using computer models (ship captains, pilots).
- Visualization: analyzing many kinds of data (scientific, engineering).
- Image Processing: improving/modifying images.
- Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs): user-friendly computer interfaces.
- Simulation: flight simulators etc.
Graphics Display Devices
- Monitors are the main output devices.
- Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitors: use electron guns to illuminate phosphors on the screen.
- Flat Panel Display (FPD): lightweight, thin displays including LCDs, LED, OLED.
Working of CRT Monitors
- Beam penetration technique: A combination of phosphors to generate color.
- Shadow mask technique: Uses a shadow mask grid behind the screen.
Raster Scan vs Vector Scan
- Raster scan: creates an image row by row, storing image data in a frame buffer.
- Vector scan: draws images as lines and shapes determined by mathematical equations.
Flat Panel Displays (FPD)
- Advantages of FPD over CRT: lighter weight, lower power consumption, thinner designs, and improved image quality.
- Common types of FPDs: LCDs, LEDs, and OLEDs.
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Description
Explore the pivotal moments in the evolution of computer graphics from the 1950s to the 1970s. This quiz highlights significant inventions, key figures, and groundbreaking projects that shaped the field of computer graphics. Test your knowledge on milestones like the creation of the first video game and the introduction of interactive graphics.
