Computer Fundamentals

Computer Fundamentals

• UNIVAC stands for Universal Automatic Computer.
• Computer operations include arithmetic, logical operations, and storage.
• The two major computer chip types are primary memory and microprocessor chips.
• Fourth-generation computers use microprocessors as switching devices.
• Supercomputers focus on executing few programs as fast as possible.
• Mainframes utilize their processing power to execute many programs concurrently.
• EBCDIC, a character coding system, stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code.
• The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the brain of any computer system.
• Magnetic disk storage capacity is determined by tracks per inch, bits per inch of tracks, and disk pack surface.
• The two kinds of main memory are ROM and RAM.
• A buffer is a storage area to compensate for speed differences between units.
• Diligence refers to a computer's freedom from tiredness and boredom.
• Third-generation computers use integrated circuits (ICs).
• A CD-ROM is not semiconductor memory, a memory register or magnetic memory.
• Hybrid computers resemble both digital and analog computers.
• Mainframe computers use the 8-bit code called EBCDIC.
• ALU responds to commands coming from Control Section.
• Vacuum Tubes and Valves were the chief component of first generation computers.
• A plotter produces high-quality graphics (hardcopy) in color.
• Compilation stages include lexical analysis, syntax analysis, and code generation.
• MSI (Medium Scale Integration) ICs were used in the third generation of computers.
• Vacuum Tubes and Valves were the main electronic component used in first generation computers.
• A dumb terminal features a keyboard and screen.
• One millisecond equals 1/1000th of a second.
• Printer output quality is measured in dots per square inch.
• ABC was a special-purpose computer.
• The ABC computer was invented by Atanasoff and Clifford.
• Hard disks store the maximum amount of data compared to floppy disks, compact discs, and magneto-optic disks.
• ENIAC was considered the first electronic computer until its patent was invalidated in 1973.
• A physical connection between the microprocessor memory and other parts of the microcomputer is known as Address bus.
• High-density double-sided floppy disks can store 1.44 MB of data.
• A high-quality CAD system uses a digital plotter for printing drawings and graphs.
• COM (Computer Output to Microfilm) is not an input device.
• Accuracy of floating-point numbers in two 16-bit words is approximately 6 digits.
• A motherboard mounts the CPU, device drivers, memory, and expansion slots in IBM PCs.
• Magnetic disks are a popular medium for Direct Access and Sequential Access.
• Pulse code modulation converts an analog signal into a digital bit stream.
• A VDU (Visual Display Unit) is a peripheral device.
• Modern electronic computers are for input, storage, manipulation and outputting of data.
• Vacuum tubes were invented in 1906.
• A plotter produces the best quality graphics reproduction.
• Computers with the 80286 microprocessor are AT computers.
• Payroll processing is suitable for sequential processing.
• Gathering is not processing.
• The digital computer was first developed in the USA.
• Software enhances the capabilities of the hardware.
• The computer giant IBM was earlier known as Computing Tabulating Recording Co.
• To access a sector record, a computer program needs to give the track, sector, and surface number.
• Arranging data in a logical sequence is called Sorting.
• In the CPU, the logical unit's job is compare numbers.
• The abacus was the first mechanical calculator.
• A computer using 16 bits to specify a RAM address can address 65,536 locations.
• Binary codes represent instructions and memory addresses.
• POS (Point of Sale) terminal functions as a cash register, computer terminal, and OCR reader.
• A set of integrated flip-flops is called a Register.
• People call the Central Processing Unit the brain of the computer system.
• Semiconductors are used for manufacturing computer chips.
• On an abacus, the value of each bead in heaven is 5.
• The first computer introduced in Nepal was the IBM 1401.
• Assembly language uses mnemonics as a memory trick.
• Instructions in computer languages consists of OPCODE and OPERAND.
• The Fifth Generation of computer is still under development.
• A register organized to allow to move left or right operations is called a Shift register.
• IBM 1650 was the most popular first-generation computer.
• Mouse and digitizer are direct entry input devices.
• A Process description defines the status of resources allocated to a process.
• Each set of Napier's bones consisted of 11 rods.
• BCD stands for Binary Coded Decimal.
• The world's first laptop computer was introduced by Epson in 1981.
• Operating systems were developed from the Third generation.
• RadioShack was the first firm to mass-market a microcomputer as a personal computer.
• 11 address lines are needed to address each machine location in a 2048 x 4 memory chip.
• Properly arranged data is called Information.
• A computer consists of a central processing unit, and a memory, Input and output unit.
• Vacuum tubes are called valves because they can stop or allow the flow of current.
• John Napier invented Logarithm in 1614.
• An integrated circuit is fabricated on a tiny silicon chip.
• Bus arbitration control pins are needed in a microprocessor to regulate bus traffic and prevent device conflicts.
• As a computer mouse moves over the table surface, the trackball is Stationary.
• Hard disks are used as a primary storage device.
• Multi-user systems provide cost savings for small businesses by linking several dumb terminals to a single processing unit.
• Greater than, less than and equal to are three decision-making operations performed by the ALU of a computer.
• Formatting is the word processing task associated with changing the appearance of a document.
• The computer utilized for the census in Nepal in 2028 BS was a second-generation computer.
• Algorithms and flowcharts help specify the problem completely and clearly.
• It is understood by a computer and understood by programmer is a valid statement about computer programs.
• Memory is temporary and storage is permanent.
• Pascaline was invented in 1642.
• All the statements are valid, including Lady Augusta being the first programmer, Ada being Lord Byron's daughter, and ADA being a programming language developed by US Defense.
• A compiler translates instructions from a high-level language into machine language.
• A terminal is required when more than one person uses a central computer at the same time.
• EDSAC was the first computer to use the Stored Program Concept.
• One gigabyte equals 1024 megabytes.
• UK's premier computing event started in 1980.
• Automatic refers to when a computer, once loaded with a program and data, operates without human intervention.
• A brand is the name a company gives to identify its product.
• Machine language is machine-dependent and error-prone.
• A byte consists of eight bits.
• Modern computers are reliable, but they are not infallible.
• Babbage conceived the Analytical Engine in 1837.