Computer Fundamentals Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a computer?

  • To process information and execute instructions (correct)
  • To store and retrieve data
  • To communicate with other devices
  • To display visual information

    • What type of electronic machine is a computer?

  • Hybrid
  • Analog
  • Digital (correct)
  • Mechanical

    • What kind of operations can a computer carry out?

  • Only arithmetic operations
  • Only logical operations
  • Both arithmetic and logical operations (correct)
  • None of the above

    • What does the term "programmed" mean in the context of a computer?

    <p>Controlled by a predefined set of instructions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the Von Neumann architecture based on the provided context?

    <p>It is a design principle for computers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the CPU in a computer system?

    <p>To process data and control the system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between memory size and address size?

    <p>Memory size is directly proportional to address size. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many memory locations can be addressed using a 3-bit address?

    <p>16 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of I/O devices in a computer system?

    <p>To form the interface between the computer and the external world (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a memory map?

    <p>A sequence of memory locations that can be addressed by the CPU (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key principle behind the Von Neumann architecture?

    <p>The use of a single bus for data and instructions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a byte?

    <p>A collection of 8 bits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a bus in a computer system?

    <p>To provide a connection between different components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of values that can be represented by a double word (dw)?

    <p>2^32 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a representation of a signed integer number?

    <p>Floating point (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a valid hexadecimal representation?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the 'fixed point' representation of a real number, what is used to represent the fractional part?

    <p>Natural binary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 11001011?

    <p>203 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a coding convention used for character representation?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between fixed point and floating point representation of real numbers?

    <p>Fixed point uses a fixed number of bits for the decimal part, while floating point uses a fixed number of bits for the mantissa and exponent. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'sign bit' in signed integer representation?

    <p>It indicates the sign (positive or negative) of the integer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the '2’s complement' method for representing negative numbers?

    <p>Flip all the bits and add 1. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal number 0x5A?

    <p>90 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a 20-bit address in memory?

    <p>It allows for 220 different memory locations, which equates to 1 MB. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of I/O devices?

    <p>To interface with external devices and allow data transfer between the computer and the external world. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Address Bus in a computer system?

    <p>To send addresses to Memory and I/O devices, enabling the CPU to access specific locations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of the Control Bus in a computer system?

    <p>Transmitting commands and control signals to and from the CPU, controlling the operations of other components. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between the Operating System and User Software?

    <p>The Operating System is designed to manage system resources, while User Software is designed for specific user tasks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these accurately describes the role of the CPU in a computer system?

    <p>Executing instructions and performing calculations on data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between 'flip-flops' in the context of information representation in computers?

    <p>Flip-flops are a type of memory, while bistables are a type of logic gate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'ports map' in a computer system?

    <p>It defines the maximum address space that the CPU can address for I/O devices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options is not a key component of the System Bus in a computer system?

    <p>Memory Bus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the data stored in memory, and the data transmitted through the data bus?

    <p>Memory data is stored for long periods of time, while data on the data bus is only present during active data transfers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Computer Definition

    A digital electronic machine programmed for operations.

    Arithmetic Operations

    Basic math operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

    Logical Operations

    Operations that involve comparison and logical decision-making.

    Programmed Machine

    A machine that follows a set of instructions to perform tasks.

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    Von Neumann Architecture

    A computer architecture model that includes memory, control unit, and processing unit.

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    CPU

    The hardware block that processes data and controls the system.

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    Memory

    The hardware block that stores data in a sequence of memory locations.

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    I/O Devices

    Hardware blocks that form the interface between the computer and the external world.

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    Bus

    The connections between the CPU, memory, and I/O devices.

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    Memory Location

    A unique space in memory identified by an address, storing data (8-bit).

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    Memory Map

    All memory locations that can be addressed by the CPU, not all are implemented.

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    Memory Size Equation

    Size of memory is linked to address size: memorySize = 2^addressSize.

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    20-bit Address

    An address size allowing for 2^20 different memory locations (1 MB).

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    Significance of Information

    The meaning of stored data is determined by the programmer, not the memory.

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    I/O Ports

    Channels through which data is sent or received by I/O devices.

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    Port Address

    A unique identifier for each I/O port used by the CPU.

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    System Bus

    Physical connections linking CPU, memory, and I/O devices for data transfer.

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    Data Bus

    A bidirectional bus that transfers data and instructions between components.

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    Address Bus

    A unidirectional bus that sends memory addresses from the CPU to other components.

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    Control Bus

    A bidirectional bus for sending command signals to control various components.

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    Information Representation

    Data is stored in bits through electronic circuits called flip-flops.

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    Binary Digit

    A basic unit of information in computing, can be 0 or 1.

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    Byte

    A sequence of 8 bits, can store up to 256 values.

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    Word

    A sequence of 16 bits, can store up to 65,536 values.

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    Double Word

    A sequence of 32 bits, can store over 4 billion values.

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    Hexadecimal

    A base 16 number system using digits 0-9 and letters A-F.

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    Unsigned Integer

    An integer that can only represent non-negative values.

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    Signed Integer

    An integer that can represent both positive and negative values.

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    Floating Point

    A method to represent real numbers using a fixed number of bits for the mantissa and exponent.

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    ASCII

    A character encoding standard for representing text in computers.

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    Instruction Codes

    Sequences of bytes representing instructions for a processor.

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    Study Notes

    Microprocessor Architecture

    • This presentation covers the fundamental concepts of microprocessor architecture.
    • The presenter, Horia Cucu, is from the Speech & Dialogue Research Laboratory, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology at the University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest.

    1. The Architecture of a Computer

    • 1.1 Definitions
    • A computer is a digital electronic machine that can execute programmed arithmetic and logical operations.
    • The Von Neumann architecture is a key computer architecture discussed. It involves the CPU, memory, and I/O ports interconnected by buses.

    Block Diagram of Von Neumann Computer

    • The Von Neumann architecture has three key components:
    • CPU: Central Processing Unit
    • Memory: Stores data and instructions
    • I/O Ports: Allows interaction with external devices
    • Control Bus: Communicates the commands between components
    • Data Bus: Transports data between components
    • Address Bus: Controls location of data/instructions

    Functional Components

    • CPU: Processes data and controls the system.
    • Memory: Stores data in a sequential arrangement of memory locations.
    • I/O Devices: Forms interfaces between the computer and external devices, enabling communication.
    • Busses: Connections for communication between the other parts.

    Von Neumann Principles

    • Data and instructions are stored in memory.
    • Data in memory is accessed through memory locations.
    • The CPU processes data and controls the system.
    • Instructions are fetched from memory and executed sequentially.
    • I/O ports facilitate communication with other devices.
    • Interconnection of all components is facilitated through the system bus.

    The Memory – Basic Principles

    • Memory is a sequence of memory locations used to store information.
    • Each location is a byte (8-bit number) identified by a unique address.
    • The CPU controls memory access, able to divide memory into logical segments (pages).
    • The memory map represents the accessible memory locations.
    • Memory map size is a performance criterion.

    The Memory – A Closer Look

    • Memory size depends directly on its address size (bits) following the equation: memory_size = 2address_size(bits).
    • Example: A 2-bit address can represent 4 different locations (00, 01, 10, 11) in a 4-byte memory.
    • Example: A 20-bit address in a memory provides 1MB of memory locations.

    The Memory - Content Significance

    • Each memory location stores an 8-bit value.
    • Programmers determine the significance of the values.
    • Memory has no inherent understanding of data meaning.

    Input/Output Devices

    • I/O devices are hardware blocks connecting the computer to the external world.
    • I/O devices function as a set of I/O ports.
    • Each port can send and receive data (8-, 16-, or 32-bit quantities)
    • Ports are identified by a unique port address.
    • The ports map comprises all addressable ports.
    • The size of the ports map affects performance.

    The System Bus

    • A system bus comprises physical connections linking hardware blocks for information transfer.
    • It facilitates the interaction between the CPU, memory, and I/O devices.
    • The system bus has three components:
    • Data bus (bidirectional, carrying data).
    • Address bus (unidirectional, delivering addresses for CPU-memory communication).
    • Control bus (bidirectional, carrying command and control signals).

    The Software Component

    • The software consists of programs or instructions that direct the computer’s operations.
    • The software is categorized into two main parts:
    • The Operating System: A set of programs facilitating user access to system resources.
    • User Software: Programs specifically designed by the user to accomplish tasks.

    Summary

    • CPU: Executes instructions and controls system operation.
    • Memory: Stores both data and instructions.
    • I/O devices: Interconnects computer to the external world.

    1.2 Information Representation in Computer Systems

    • Information is stored using flip-flops (electronic switches) with on/off states.
    • Bits (binary digits) represent 0 or 1 (Boolean values).
    • Data types (e.g., bytes, words, double words) are sequences of bits.
    • Byte (8 bits): Can hold 256 different values
    • Word (16 bits): Can hold 65,536 values
    • Double word (32 bits): Can hold 4,294,967,296 values.

    The binary, decimal and hexadecimal bases

    • Binary (base 2), decimal (base 10), and hexadecimal (base 16) represent numeric information.
    • Hexadecimal numbers often use a suffix "h" (e.g., 1A44h).

    Numbers representation

    • Unsigned integers ("natural binary"): Positive integers are represented in their binary form.
    • Signed integers:
    • Sign and magnitude
    • Ones' complement
    • Two's complement
    • Real numbers:
    • Fixed point
    • Floating point

    Integer numbers representation

    • Demonstrates how different number representations are encoded to store both positive and negative values in memory. (Sign-magnitude, 1's complement, 2's complement).

    Real numbers representation

    • Fixed-point representation uses a fixed number of bits for the integer and fractional parts.
    • Floating-point representation uses a mantissa and exponent to store real numbers. Example: real number = mantissa x 2exponent
    • Different methods are used for representing both fractional and whole numbers.

    Characters representation

    • Coding conventions:
    • ASCII
    • UTF-8
    • UTF-16
    • Unicode

    Programs representation

    • Instructions are represented using sequences of bytes.
    • Some processes use fixed-length instructions, while some have varying lengths. 8086 Instructions are 1 to 6 bytes long.
    • Instructions contain fields for type, data, and addresses.
    • Associated mnemonics make programming easier. (Example: Add AX, 8017h).

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of basic computer principles, including the functions and operations of computers, the role of the CPU, and the concepts of memory and architecture. This quiz covers essential terms and functions related to computer systems and their components.

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