Computer Fundamentals

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of an input device?

To communicate results to the user

To store data permanently

To process digital information

To feed data into a computer for analysis and storage (correct)

What is the name of the port used for transferring files between two computers?

USB port

Infrared port (correct)

Ethernet port

HDMI port

What is the primary function of an output device?

To process digital information

To feed data into a computer

To communicate results to the user (correct)

To store data permanently

What is the name of the key used to make characters either upper or lower case?

Shift key Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the device that converts images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text?

OCR Signup and view all the answers

What is the number of function keys in a standard keyboard?

12 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the device used to move the cursor position on a monitor screen?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the storage device used in computers?

SSD Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the data in a ROM chip when the device is powered off?

The data is retained Signup and view all the answers

What is the fastest type of memory in the computer memory hierarchy?

Register in CPU Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cache memory?

To speed up CPU Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory is divided into groups of variable length called segments?

Segmentation Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory is called read-write memory (RWM) because it performs both read and write operations?

RAM Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory loses its information when the power is off?

Cache Signup and view all the answers

Why is RAM volatile in nature?

Because it needs power supply continuously to retain data Signup and view all the answers

What type of storage stores or retains data/information permanently after power off?

Non-volatile storage Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental purpose of Disk Cleanup utility?

To erase temporary files and cookies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of File Compression utility?

To reduce the size of files Signup and view all the answers

What is the full form of HTML?

Hyper Text Markup Language Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the World Wide Web in 1989?

Tim Berners Lee Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the protocol in computer communication?

To set rules for communication Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of transferring a file from a server to a local computer?

Downloading Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Window Update utility?

To update device drivers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of system utilities?

Data recovery, Backup, and Virus protection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a headset?

To output audio Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using the tab key on a keyboard?

To move a cursor across the screen and to move the cursor down the screen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a scanner?

To convert physical documents or images into digital format Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a microphone?

To convert sound waves into electrical signals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a keyboard?

To allow users to input data and commands into a computer or other electronic device Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a web camera?

To capture video and audio data Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a mouse?

To control the movement of the cursor on a computer screen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a barcode reader?

To input data into a computer system Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNS?

To translate IP addresses to domain names Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a web server?

To store and serve requested data to clients Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a collection of publicly accessible web pages?

Website Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of FTP?

To transfer files between hosts Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is used for secure communication?

HTTPS Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a unique address assigned to each host on a TCP/IP network?

IP address Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a small text file stored on a user's device by a web server?

Cookie Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used to convert an encrypted message to its original form?

Decryption Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Measuring Units of Processing Speed

Measuring units of processing speed: MHz, MIPS, MFLOPS

Input/Output Devices

Input device: allows users to feed data into a computer for analysis and storage and gives commands to the computer
Examples of input devices: Mouse, keyboard, Scanner, Joystick, Light pen, Trackball, Touch Screen, Microphone
Keyboard: used for inputting text, numbers, and commands to the computer
Mouse and Joystick: used to move the cursor position on a monitor screen
Shift key: used to make characters either upper or lower case
Tab key: used to move the cursor across the screen and to move the cursor down the screen

Output Devices

Output device: communicates the results of data processed by the computer and converts digital information into a form that humans can easily read and understand
Examples of output devices: Speaker, Headset
Speaker: produces sound and is commonly used to listen to audio or receive auditory feedback from a computer or electronic device
Headset: used for outputting audio, commonly used for listening to music, watching videos, making phone calls, or participating in online meetings

Other Devices

Scanner: an input device used to convert physical documents or images into digital format
Web camera: an input device that captures video and audio data and sends it to a computer or other device for processing or communication purposes
Microphone: an input device that converts sound waves, or acoustic signals, into electrical signals
Barcode reader: an input device used to input data into a computer system

Memory

Types of memory: ROM, RAM, Cache, EEPROM
ROM: non-volatile, meaning its data is retained even when the device is powered off
RAM: volatile, performs both read and write operations, also called read-write memory (RWM)
Cache: a small, very high-speed semiconductor memory, placed as a buffer between the CPU and RAM
EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
SRAM and DRAM: two types of Random Access Memory (RAM)

Basics of Internet

The internet: a huge network of networks that joins computers from across the world
The concept of the internet was originated in 1969
Downloading: the transmission of a file from one computer system to another computer or to a server so that others can see or retrieve it
IP address: a unique address assigned to each computer on a network
TCP/IP: a protocol that allows computers to communicate with each other on the internet
HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language
www: also known as the web, developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 at CERN in Geneva
DNS: translates a domain name (computer host name) to IP address
Top-level domain extensions: .com, .edu, .gov, .net

Web Servers and Protocols

Web server: a computer that stores data or information for users on the internet
FTP: File Transfer Protocol, a program that allows for easy transfer of computer files from one host to another host over a TCP-based network
HTTPS: a protocol used to securely transfer data over the internet
Decryption: the technique used to convert an encrypted message into the actual message

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Description

Test your understanding of basic computer concepts, including processing speed units and OCR technology.