MHCET-Computer-Compendium-2024.pdf

2024 MAH BMS CET Computer Compendium Organisation of computer, CPU, Structure of instructions in CPU  What is the full form of CPU? - Central Processing Unit  A CPU (Central Processing Unit) is a type...

2024 MAH BMS CET Computer Compendium Organisation of computer, CPU, Structure of instructions in CPU  What is the full form of CPU? - Central Processing Unit  A CPU (Central Processing Unit) is a type of device that performs the processing and execution of instructions in a computer system.  CPU acts as the brain of the computer and is responsible for carrying out calculations, performing logical operations, and controlling the flow of data within the system.  In this context, the CPU can be considered as all the above options - input, output, and storage devices.  Which component of a computer is responsible for storing data permanently? - Hard Disk  The function of modem in a computer is to connect to the internet  The function of a firewall in a computer is to block unauthorized access.  The third-generation computer was made of Integrated circuits.  The Central Processing Unit is the core of any computer devices. It comprises three major components of the computer which have been discussed above:  Memory Unit  Control Unit  Arithmetic and Logical Unit  Internal Hard Drive is the main memory of the computer  What is the full form of GUI? - Graphic User Interface  A computer comprises two types of memory. One is Random Access Memory (RAM) and the other is Read Only Memory (ROM)  Hardwares are the physical parts of a computer.  A DVD is an example of an _______? - Optical Disc  Help Menu is available at which button? - Start  Computers manipulate data in many ways, and this manipulation is called _______? - Processing 1  2024 MAH BMS CET Computer Compendium  What kind of memory is both static and non-volatile? - ROM  A computer cannot 'boot' if it does not have the _______? - Operating System  What is the meaning of OSI, in terms of computers? - Open system Interconnection  Where are the CPU and memory located? - Motherboard  What was the chief component of first-generation computer? - Vacuum tube & Valves  COBOL is an acronym for _______? - Common Business Oriented Language  What type of virus uses computer hosts to reproduce itself? - Worm  Switching device of fifth generation computer is _______? - VLSI  Name of 1st electronic computer? - ENIAC  To move a copy of file from one computer to another over a communication channel is called? - File Transfer  Which programming languages are classified as low-level languages? - Assembly Language  What converts an entire program into machine language? - Compiler  What translates and executes program at run time line by line? - Interpreter  In which type of computer, data are represented as discrete signals? - Digital Computer  Computers, combine both measuring and counting, are called _______? - Hybrid Computer  The ability of an OS to run more than one application at a time is called? -Multitasking  An error in software or hardware is called a bug. What is the alternative computer jargon for it? - Glitch  Which file contains permanent data and gets updated during the processing of transactions? -Master File  Following are the measuring units of the processing speed of computers 1) MHz 2) MIPS 3) MFLOPS 2  2024 MAH BMS CET Computer Compendium  OCR converts images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text, whether from a scanned document, or a photo of a document  SSD is a new generation of storage devices used in computers. 3  2024 MAH BMS CET Computer Compendium Input/Output Devices  A device that allows users to feed data into a computer for analysis and storage and to give commands to the computer is called Input Device.  Input device allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer.  User communicates with a computer with the help of input-output devices.  A device that communicates the results of data processed by the computer and converts the digital information into a form that humans can easily read and understood is called output device  Input devices: Mouse, keyboard, Scanner, Joystick, Light pen, Mouse, keyboard, Trackball, Touch Screen, Microphone.  Which input device is used for input text, numbers, and commands to the computer? - Keyboard  Which input device is/are used to move the cursor position on a monitor screen? - Mouse & Joystick  The number of function keys in a keyboard is 12.  Infrared port can be used for transferring files between two computers  Ctrl, Shift, and Alt are known as modifiers keys.  Which key of keyboard is used to make characters either upper or lower case? - Shift  A speaker is a type of output device. It is responsible for producing sound and is commonly used to listen to audio or receive auditory feedback from a computer or electronic device.  The use of tab key in the keyboard is to move a cursor across the screen and to move the cursor down the screen.  A headset is a type of output device that is used for outputting audio. It is commonly used for listening to music, watching videos, making phone calls, or participating in online meetings.  A scanner is a type of input device that is used as an input device. It is used to convert physical documents or images into digital format, which can then be stored or processed by a computer. 4  2024 MAH BMS CET Computer Compendium  A keyboard is considered an input device because it allows users to input data and commands into a computer or other electronic device.  A web camera is a type of device that is used as an input device. It captures video and audio data and sends it to a computer or other device for processing or communication purposes. It is commonly used for video conferencing, online streaming, and video recording.  A mouse is a type of input device. It is used to control the movement of the cursor on a computer screen and to select items by clicking on them.  The first computer mouse was developed by Douglas Engelbart  Optical mouse was built by Microsoft, 1999  Light Emitting Diode (LED) is used in an optical mouse  A microphone is an input device. It converts sound waves, or acoustic signals, into electrical signals that can be processed, recorded, or transmitted by electronic devices such as computers, audio recording equipment, or communication devices.  A barcode reader is a type of device that is used to input data into a computer system. It scans and reads the information encoded in a barcode and then sends this data to the computer as input.  Wireless mouse communicates through radio waves.  A projector is an output device that can take images generated by a computer and reproduce them on a large, flat surface.  The OCR stands for Optical Character Reader  The OMR stands for Optical Mark Recognition  The MICR stands for Magnetic Ink Card Reader  Monitor, printer, plotter are output devices  The computer monitor is connected to CPU through cable  The number of pixels displayed on the computer screen is called resolution  CPM, PPM & LPM units are used to count the speed of the printer  The output quality of a printer is measured in dots per inch 5  2024 MAH BMS CET Computer Compendium  The full form of USB port is Universal Serial Bus  Firewire port can be used for transferring files between two computers 6  2024 MAH BMS CET Computer Compendium Computer Memory, Memory Organization, Backup Devices Computer memory is divided into many small parts called cells. Each cell (location) has a unique address, which varies from 0 to memory size – 1. A “Gigabit" is equivalent to 125 megabytes. The primary memory (also called main memory) of a personal computer consists of both RAM & ROM. ROM stores the program instructions required to initially boot the computer. It only allows reading. Random Access Memory is the full form of RAM Read-Only Memory is the full form of ROM RAM is volatile which means its data are lost when the device is powered off. ROM chip is non-volatile, meaning its data is retained even when the device is powered off. Secondary memory is the lowest in the computer memory hierarchy Register in CPU has the fastest speed in the computer memory hierarchy Cache memory is a small, very high-speed semiconductor memory, which helps to speed up CPU. It is placed as a buffer between the CPU and RAM. Segmentation is a process or method in which memory is divided into groups of variable length called segments. RAM is a volatile chip memory that performs both read and write operations. That’s why, it is also called read-write memory (called RWM). In Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM), If there is an error in writing instructions or data, the error cannot be erased. PROM chip becomes unusable. EEPROM stands for Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory. There are two types of Random Access Memory or RAM. They are SRAM (Static RAM) and DRAM (Dynamic RAM). USB Flash Drive is an example of solid-state storage device Bit is the smallest unit of measuring data in the computer. 7  2024 MAH BMS CET Computer Compendium What happens when RAM is full in the computer? - The volatile memory is used The computer internal memory consists of CPU registers, main memory, cache memory. Primary storage is Fast and expensive as compared to secondary storage. Storage that stores or retains data/information permanently after power off is called- Non-volatile storage The process of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors is called- Formatting Cache loses its information when the power is off. This is because cache memory is Volatile in nature RAM is volatile in nature because it must need power supply continuously to retain data. Which chips stores the basic input-output system (BIOS)? - ROM Which of the following memories needs refresh to store information? - DRAM The technique that extends storage capacities of the main memory beyond the actual size of the main memory is known as virtual storage USB stands for Universal serial bus The memory that cannot be accessed directly by processor (CPU) is external memory Hard disk can be formatted at the time of Booting The key feature of dynamic RAM is it is less expensive and cheaper than static RAM 8  2024 MAH BMS CET Computer Compendium System Software and Application software  A set of instructions telling the computer what to do is called PROGRAM.  In MS Excel, F5 function key is used to displays the go to dialog box.  F7 is the shortcut key is used for spell check and grammar check in a document.  Ctrl+B is the shortcut key of making letters Bold in a document.  Ctrl+A command is used to select the whole document.  What is correcting errors in a program called? - Debugging  Which of the following commands is given to reboot the computer? - Ctrl+Alt+Del  What is a joy stick primarily in computers used for? - Computer Gaming  DOS stands for _______? - Disk Operating System  What is the software frequently utilized by end users called (like Word, PowerPoint)? - Application Software  Which instructs the computer hardware, what to do and how to do it? - Software  Software helps to transform one interface into another interface.  Software is generally classified into System software, Application software, and Utility software.  Which software is used to manage and control the hardware components and allows interaction between the hardware and the other different types of software? - System Software  The main function of computer software is to turn data into information  An operating system is a primary component of the system software in a computer device. Application programs usually require an operating system to perform tasks.  One or more defects occurring in the computer software that prevents the software from working is called bug.  A mistake in an algorithm that generates incorrect results or output is called logical error. 9  2024 MAH BMS CET Computer Compendium  The process of finding errors/defects/bugs in the software program is called Testing.  Application software provides the environment to enable users to accomplish specific or general tasks. Each computer can have more than one application software.  Which of the following are known as office-oriented application software? - Word processors, spreadsheets, database  Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, and Google Docs are the examples of application software.  Spreadsheet is a type of application software in which data is organized in rows and columns, which collectively are called a worksheet. It is mostly used to keep track of a billing account.  Which utility software helps to protect the computer system from viruses and prevent the computer system files from being corrupt? - Antivirus  A computer virus that attacks an antivirus program to prevent detection of the virus in the computer system is Retrovirus.  Disk defragmentation is the process of locating the non-contiguous fragments of data and rearranging the fragments and restoring them into fewer fragments or into the entire file.  Examples of web browser software- Google Chrome, Opera, Mozilla Firefox, Safari  Which application software is accounting software? - Tally  Which of the following application software is a database management system? - Microsoft MySQL Server & Oracle  The main functions of system utilities- (a) Data recovery (b) Backup (c) Virus protection  Which type of utility is used to update all device drivers at the same time? -Window Update  Which of the following Windows utilities scans the entire hard drive and erase (or delete) any unnecessary files such as temporary files from the Internet, and cookies downloaded while visiting webpages? - Disk cleanup  Which utility software or program is used to reduce the size of files to increase the amount of disk space in the computer system? - File compression 10  2024 MAH BMS CET Computer Compendium Basics of Internet  The internet, sometimes called simply “Net” is a huge network of networks that joins computers from across the world.  The concept of the internet was originated in 1969  The transmission of a file from one computer system to another computer or to a server so that others can see or retrieve it is called downloading.  Each computer on a network is recognized by a unique IP address  A computer communicates with other computers on the internet through TCP/IP.  Hyper Text Markup Language is the full form of HTML.  A protocol is a set of rules that define how computers will act when communicating with each other.  www is also known as web. It was developed by Tim Berners Lee in 1989 at CERN in Geneva.  A web (also known as world wide web) is a large collection of information or data that can be accessed using browser software.  URL (also known as web address) is a unique complete internet address used to identify webpage on the world wide web.  An interconnected network exclusively used within organizations such as banking, business firms, etc that uses web technologies for sharing data or information internally is called Intranet.  A computer network that is used to controlled access from outside of an organization's intranet is called Extranet  A software program that is used to view web pages is called browser  IP addresses of two computers on the internet cannot be the same.  An identifier that sends and receives information across the Internet is called IP address.  Static IP address is the kind of IP address that never changes once it is assigned to a computer on an internet network. 11  2024 MAH BMS CET Computer Compendium  Dynamic IP address changes each time the device logs on the internet network. This kind of IP address is difficult to trace.  Modem stands for modulator-demodulator. It is a small box device that connects one computer to another computer with the help of telephone lines. A computer sends and receives data through a modem. It is provided to the user by ISP.  ISP are companies such as Airtel, JIO, etc that provide to access internet to customers via the telephone line. ISP is also known as IAP (Internet Access Provider).  Internet address is a 32-bit number  Which device is required to connect multiple computers on the same internet network? - Router  NIC connects our computer to a local data network or internet. It is also known as network adapter.  A unique name used in the URLs that identify website is called domain name.  A collection of publicly accessible, interlinked web pages that share a common domain name is called website  DNS stores many types of information with domain names. The main function of DNS is to translate a domain name (computer host name) to IP address.  In a computer,.com,.edu,.gov, and.net are the examples of top-level domain extension  Which of the following domain name is used for an educational institution? -.edu  A computer that is used to store data or information for users on the internet is called web server  A protocol in the URL "https://www.scientecheasy.com" is HTTPS  Each computer connected to internet must have a unique IP address. The IP address is converted into a domain name  IP address is 32 bits (4 bytes) long assigned to each host on a TCP/IP internet, which is used in all the communication.  a cookie is also known as an HTTP cookie, web cookie, or browser cookie. 12  2024 MAH BMS CET Computer Compendium  FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is a program that allows us to easily transfer computer files from one host to another host over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet.  A computer system, device, or program that is responsible for accepting HTTP requests from clients, serving back HTTP responses along with data to clients is called web server  Suppose you have received an encrypted message and want to convert this message into the actual message (before encryption). Which technique you will use for it? - Decryption  Which of the following protocols is used in internet technology? - (a) HTTPS (b) DHCP (c) DNS  The web server on the internet is also known as host. 13  2024 MAH BMS CET Computer Compendium Miscellaneous Points 1) 1 GB is equal to how many bytes? Answer: 2^30 2) How many bytes long is an IP address? Answer: 16 bytes 3) How many combinations are possible with 4 bits/nibble? Answer: 16 4) Which of the following keys works as a shortcut for Redo in MS Word? Answer: Ctrl +Y 5) What is the shortcut for Find and Replace in MS Word? Answer: Ctrl + H 6) What is the shortcut to delete a word to the left of cursor? Answer: Ctrl + Backspace 7) Which MS word tool is used for quickly accessing features? Answer: Ribbon 8) In a flowchart, a decision-making process is represented by? Answer: Diamond 9) In a flowchart, start and end points are represented as? Answer: Circles 10) What language consists of 0s and 1s? Answer: Machine Language 11) What technology used in banking? Answer: MICR 12) Which is NOT non-volatile? Answer: RAM 13) Which fact is true about Bus Topology? Answer: It requires less cable length 14) Process of hiding details in computing? Answer: Encapsulation 15) What is the full form XML? Answer: Extensible Markup Language 14  2024 MAH BMS CET Computer Compendium 16) What is used to retrieve search information? Answer: Web Browser 17) Static RAM uses? Answer: Flip flops 18) Upon booting, what is the first thing used by a computer {BIOS, ROM, RAM}? Answer: BIOS 19) Each sheet in MS PowerPoint is called? Answer: Slide 20) which is the optical storage device? Answer: CD ROM 21) What is used for expanding features or including hardware to a computer? {motherboard, expansion slot, port, cable} Answer: Port 22) What is the process of descrambling a code/converting to original form? Answer: Decryption 23) What is used for temporary storage in computing? {Buffer, cache, etc} Answer: Cache 15