Computer Basics Quiz

Definition and Components

• A computer is an electronic device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output.
• Basic components:
  • Input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, scanner)
  • Central Processing Unit (CPU)
  • Memory (RAM, ROM)
  • Storage devices (e.g., hard drive, solid state drive)
  • Output devices (e.g., monitor, printer)

Types of Computers

• Desktop computers: designed for stationary use
• Laptop computers: portable and designed for mobile use
• Tablet computers: touch-sensitive, portable, and often used for entertainment and browsing
• Servers: powerful computers that manage and provide access to network resources
• Embedded computers: specialized computers integrated into devices (e.g., appliances, vehicles)

CPU and Processing

• CPU (Central Processing Unit): executes instructions and performs calculations
• CPU components:
  • Control unit: retrieves and decodes instructions
  • Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): performs calculations and logical operations
  • Registers: small amount of memory built into the CPU
• Processing:
  • Instruction cycle: fetch, decode, execute, store
  • Multitasking: ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously

Memory and Storage

• Memory (RAM): temporary storage for data and program instructions
• Storage devices: hold data and programs when the computer is powered off
• Data representation:
  • Binary system: uses 0s and 1s to represent data
  • Bit: single binary digit
  • Byte: group of 8 bits

Input/Output and Peripherals

• Input devices: accept data and instructions from users
• Output devices: display or produce data and results
• Peripherals: devices connected to the computer (e.g., printers, scanners, speakers)

History and Development

• First computers: developed in the mid-20th century (e.g., ENIAC, UNIVAC)
• Evolution of computers: from vacuum tubes to transistors to microprocessors
• Modern advancements: increased processing power, storage capacity, and connectivity