Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a type of storage device?
What is the primary function of an operating system (OS)?
Which of the following is NOT a type of network?
Which of the following is an example of supervised machine learning?
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Which of the following is NOT a common cybersecurity threat?
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What is the primary function of encryption?
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Study Notes
Technology
Computing
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Hardware:
- CPU (Central Processing Unit): executes instructions
- RAM (Random Access Memory): temporary storage for data
- Storage devices: hard drives, solid state drives (SSDs), flash drives
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Software:
- Operating Systems (OS): Windows, macOS, Linux, etc.
- Productivity software: Microsoft Office, Google Suite
- Web browsers: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari
Internet and Networking
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Internet:
- Global network of interconnected computers
- Allows for communication, information sharing, and online services
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Networks:
- LAN (Local Area Network): connects devices in a limited area
- WAN (Wide Area Network): connects devices over a larger distance
- Wi-Fi: wireless networking technology
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
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Artificial Intelligence (AI):
- Simulates human intelligence in machines
- Applications: virtual assistants, image recognition, natural language processing
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Machine Learning:
- Subset of AI that enables machines to learn from data
- Types: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning
Cybersecurity
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Threats:
- Malware: viruses, worms, Trojans, spyware
- Phishing: fraudulent emails, texts, or messages
- Ransomware: encrypts data, demands payment for decryption
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Security measures:
- Firewalls: block unauthorized access to a network
- Encryption: protects data from unauthorized access
- Strong passwords and authentication: prevent unauthorized access
Computing
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Hardware Components:
- CPU (Central Processing Unit): The main processor that executes program instructions, often referred to as the "brain" of the computer.
- RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary memory storage that allows for fast data access while the computer is on, crucial for performance.
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Storage Devices:
- Hard Drives: Traditional spinning disks for data storage.
- Solid State Drives (SSDs): Faster storage alternatives with no moving parts, offering quicker access to data.
- Flash Drives: Portable storage devices for easy data transfer.
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Software Types:
- Operating Systems (OS): Software that manages hardware and provides a user interface, major examples include Windows, macOS, and Linux.
- Productivity Software: Applications designed to facilitate tasks, including Microsoft Office and Google Suite.
- Web Browsers: Programs for accessing the internet, with popular options being Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Safari.
Internet and Networking
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Internet: A vast global network connecting millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, enabling communication and the sharing of information.
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Networking Concepts:
- LAN (Local Area Network): Networking infrastructure that connects computers and devices in a limited geographical area such as a home or office.
- WAN (Wide Area Network): Connects multiple LANs over larger distances, often using leased telecommunication lines.
- Wi-Fi: A technology allowing devices to connect to the internet or communicate wirelessly within a limited area.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
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Artificial Intelligence (AI): The simulation of human intelligence by machines, enabling them to perform tasks that typically require human cognition. Key applications include:
- Virtual Assistants: AI programs that can perform tasks based on voice commands.
- Image Recognition: Technology that allows computers to identify and process images.
- Natural Language Processing: Enables machines to understand and respond to human language.
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Machine Learning: A subset of AI focused on developing algorithms that allow computers to learn from and make predictions based on data. Various types include:
- Supervised Learning: Model training with labeled datasets.
- Unsupervised Learning: Finding patterns in data without pre-existing labels.
- Reinforcement Learning: Learning through trial and error to achieve a goal.
Cybersecurity
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Common Threats:
- Malware: Malicious software, including types like viruses, worms, Trojans, and spyware, designed to harm or exploit any programmable device.
- Phishing: Tactics used to deceive individuals into providing sensitive information through fraudulent communications.
- Ransomware: A specific type of malware that locks user data and demands payment for access.
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Security Measures:
- Firewalls: Security systems that monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules, protecting networks from unauthorized access.
- Encryption: The process of converting information into a code to prevent unauthorized access, ensuring data security.
- Strong Passwords and Authentication: Best practices to enhance security, making it difficult for unauthorized users to gain access to systems or data.
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Description
Test your knowledge of computer hardware, software, and internet basics. Covers CPU, RAM, storage devices, operating systems, productivity software, and web browsers.