Computer Basics

Study Notes

A computer is an electronic device that can store, process, and communicate information.
The term "computer" was first used in the 17th century to describe a person who performed calculations.
The modern electronic computer was developed in the 20th century, with the first electronic computer, ENIAC, built in 1946.

Hardware: The physical components of a computer, including:
- Central Processing Unit (CPU): executes instructions and performs calculations
- Memory (RAM): temporary storage for data and applications
- Storage Drive: long-term storage for data and programs
- Input/Output Devices: keyboard, mouse, monitor, etc.
Software: The programs and operating systems that run on a computer, including:
- Operating System (OS): manages hardware and provides a interface for users
- Application Software: programs that perform specific tasks, such as word processing or web browsing

Desktop Computers: designed for use on a desk or table
Laptop Computers: portable and designed for use on a user's lap
Mobile Devices: smartphones and tablets that combine computer and phone functionality
Servers: powerful computers that manage and provide access to resources over a network
Supercomputers: high-performance computers used for scientific simulations and data analysis

The term "computer" originated in the 17th century to describe a person who performed calculations.
The modern electronic computer was developed in the 20th century.
The first electronic computer, ENIAC, was built in 1946.

The physical components of a computer include: • Central Processing Unit (CPU): executes instructions and performs calculations. • Memory (RAM): temporary storage for data and applications. • Storage Drive: long-term storage for data and programs. • Input/Output Devices: keyboard, mouse, monitor, etc.

The programs and operating systems that run on a computer include: • Operating System (OS): manages hardware and provides a interface for users. • Application Software: programs that perform specific tasks, such as word processing or web browsing.

There are several types of computers, including: • Desktop Computers: designed for use on a desk or table. • Laptop Computers: portable and designed for use on a user's lap. • Mobile Devices: smartphones and tablets that combine computer and phone functionality. • Servers: powerful computers that manage and provide access to resources over a network. • Supercomputers: high-performance computers used for scientific simulations and data analysis.

Computers perform several functions, including: • Processing: executing instructions and performing calculations. • Storage: storing data and programs. • Input/Output: receiving and displaying data. • Communication: exchanging data with other devices over a network.

Computers have various applications in different fields, including: • Business: word processing, spreadsheet analysis, and database management. • Education: online learning platforms, research, and digital resources. • Gaming: entertainment and interactive games. • Healthcare: medical imaging, patient records, and telemedicine.