Questions and Answers
What is the unit of measurement for the number of times a modem changes its signal state per second?
What is the primary goal of electronic communication technologies?
What type of keying is used in the ITU V.22 standard?
What is an example of a wireless technology that is used for navigation?
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What is the term used to describe the transfer of information without the use of wires?
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What is the primary advantage of using electronic communication over oral communication?
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What is an example of a wireless technology that is used for home automation?
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What is the term used to describe the number of bits per second?
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What is an example of a wireless technology that is used for personal computing?
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What are the two principal communication barriers that electronic communication technologies aim to overcome?
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Study Notes
Development of Early Computers
- In 1976, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created the first Apple computer, which gained popularity in educational institutions.
- The Winchester disk drive, invented by Alan Shugart in 1980, could store 30 megabytes, initiating the trend of integrating hard drives within computers.
- By 1981, IBM emerged as the primary PC choice in business, leveraging new storage advancements.
Processors Evolution
- The Intel 486 microprocessor, released in 1989, was the first with one million transistors, operating four times faster than the Intel 80386 and capable of processing 15 million instructions per second.
- The Pentium processor debuted in 1993 with 3.1 million transistors and a processing capacity of 112 million instructions per second.
Components of Computers
- Computers consist of hardware and software, with hardware being tangible components (e.g., CPU, monitor, hard disk).
- The Central Processing Unit (CPU) acts as the computer's brain, executing instructions and controlling operations.
- Random Access Memory (RAM) serves as the working memory, providing quick access but losing data upon shutdown; a RAM size greater than 64MB is preferable.
Operating Systems Overview
- Key operating systems include:
- Windows: Broadly used in workstations, targeting personal computers with significant security threats.
- Mac OS: Targeted at Apple devices with negligible security threats.
- Ubuntu: An open-source option favored by developers for coding tasks.
- Debian: A user-friendly Linux option with vast pre-compiled packages.
- Deepin: A Debian-based OS known for its appealing desktop environment.
Software Types
- System Software: Functions behind the scenes without a user interface; not directly interacted with by users.
- Application Software: Offers a user-friendly interface, allowing users to create or interact with software for personal use.
Word Processing Software
- Features include document creation, formatting, and editing tools, facilitating efficient text manipulation.
Spreadsheet Software
- Microsoft Excel enables data analysis through features like formulas, charts, and pivot tables, beneficial for numerous applications.
IP Address Management
- Private IP addresses are unregistered and reserved by NIC, while public IPs can be static (manually assigned) or dynamic (automatically assigned through DHCP).
- IP conflicts arise when multiple devices share the same address, disrupting network communication.
Wireless Communication
- Wireless technology includes devices that operate without wires, encompassing various forms like cellular phones, PDAs, and wireless networking.
Electronic Communication
- Over the last 50 years, electronic communication has rapidly advanced, addressing barriers of time and distance, allowing asynchronous information exchange and storage.
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Description
Learn about the key developments in computer storage and processors, from the first Apple computer to the Intel 486 microprocessor.
