Computer Architecture Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of these registers is responsible for pointing to the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched?

  • Program Yasuo
  • Program Counter (correct)
  • Program Accumulator
  • Program Sequencer

    • The type of flag used to enable debugging by providing single-step capability is called:

  • Trap Flag (TF) (correct)
  • Nested Task (NT)
  • Auxiliary Flag (AF)
  • Overflow Flag (OF)

    • Identify the element primarily responsible for decoding the operation code of an instruction:

  • Instruction Encoder
  • Instruction Interpreter
  • Instruction Converter
  • Instruction Decoder (correct)

    • What is the primary function of the element responsible for monitoring bus operation?

    <p>Watchdog Monitor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a software interrupt?

    <p>Program Loader Failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The method known as_______ was first introduced with the 8080 processor and carries over to the Pentium series. What does it refer to?

    <p>Byte-swapping (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of flag is responsible for holding the carry out of the most significant bit (MSB) of a result?

    <p>Carry Flag (CF) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to represent 8-bit binary numbers?

    <p>Bytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the below is considered one of the experimental technologies, known as XTs?

    <p>Intel 80186 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connecting pin INTR to ground directly affects which flag register?

    <p>Interrupt Flag (IF) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a Math Coprocessor?

    <p>To perform complex mathematical operations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a characteristic of vacuum tubes?

    <p>They are small and compact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology replaced vacuum tubes in digital circuits?

    <p>Transistors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Static RAM (SRAM) and Dynamic RAM (DRAM)?

    <p>SRAM is faster, while DRAM has a larger capacity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Jack Kilby's invention in 1958?

    <p>He created the first integrated circuit using small wires to connect transistors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a D/A Converter (Digital-to-Analog Converter)?

    <p>To convert digital signals to analog signals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Zero Flag (ZF) in a flag register?

    <p>It indicates if a result is equal to zero (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a Microcontroller?

    <p>They are primarily used for complex mathematical operations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Direct Memory Access (DMA)?

    <p>To optimize data transfer from a hard disk to memory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Intel 8080 microprocessor is TRUE?

    <p>It was an 8-bit microprocessor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the single general-purpose chip that could be programmed to carry out the calculator's functions?

    <p>Intel 4004 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of special circuit is disabled during normal program execution?

    <p>Interrupt Logic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component decodes the operation code of an instruction?

    <p>Instruction Decoder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cycle that is run when the Pentium processor detects an interval parity error?

    <p>Shutdown (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the data dependency that exists if the second instruction reads an operand written to it by the first instruction?

    <p>Read After Write (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the percentage of hits to total cache accesses?

    <p>Hit Ratio (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the cycle where the Pentium processor is able to monitor the system bus in a multiprocessor system?

    <p>Snooping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these components is responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations within a microprocessor?

    <p>Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an enhancement added to a standard microprocessor to create a microcontroller?

    <p>Floating-point unit (FPU) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the register that holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched and executed?

    <p>Program Counter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of instruction allows you to move data or an address to a register or variable?

    <p>The MOV instruction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element is used to store all data and instructions in the operation of a microprocessor first?

    <p>Instruction Register (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following instructions is used to push flags onto the stack?

    <p>PUSHF (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the method of evaporating aluminum in specific places on a silicon wafer to connect transistors?

    <p>Robert Noyce (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which flag is affected during string operations, indicating the direction of the string traversal?

    <p>Direction Flag (DF) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following data types has a size of 4 bytes or 32 bits?

    <p>Doubleword (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the zero flag (ZF) in a microprocessor?

    <p>Indicates a zero result from an arithmetic operation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the full form of CISC?

    <p>Complex Instruction Set Computer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation of microprocessors was characterized by the use of transistors?

    <p>Second Generation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these individuals is credited with formulating Moore's Law, which predicts the exponential growth of transistors on integrated circuits?

    <p>Gordon Moore (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Microprocessor components

    Key parts include ALU, memory, and I/O ports.

    Direction Flag (DF)

    Flag affected by string operations direction flow.

    Gordon Moore

    Predicted the doubling of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits.

    Program Counter (PC)

    Register that points to the next instruction to be executed.

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    Interrupts

    Signals indicating special tasks needing attention.

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    MOV instruction

    Transfers data or address to a register or variable.

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    PUSHF instruction

    Used for pushing flags onto the stack.

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    Zero Flag

    Indicates a zero condition has occurred in computations.

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    CISC

    Stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer.

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    Moore's Law

    States that complexity of transistors doubles approximately every 2 years.

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    Microprocessor

    A digital machine that executes various software instructions and controls devices.

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    Central Processing Unit (CPU)

    The master controller of all operations performed in a computer system.

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    Nonvolatile Memory (NVM)

    A type of RAM that retains information even when power is off.

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    Motherboard

    The main printed circuit board containing most electronics of a PC.

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    Intel 4004

    The first single-chip microprocessor.

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    Static RAM

    A type of RAM that is fast and easy to interface but small in capacity.

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    Dynamic RAM

    A type of RAM that has larger capacity but requires constant refreshing.

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    Direct Memory Access (DMA)

    A special operation for transferring data from a disk to memory without CPU intervention.

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    Transistors

    Act as logical switches in digital circuits, replacing vacuum tubes.

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    Little Endian

    A system where the least significant byte is stored first.

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    Mealy's law

    A principle in automata theory governing state outputs.

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    Big Endian

    A system where the most significant byte is stored first.

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    Input Devices

    Elements consisting of circuits to input information into a program.

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    Microcontrollers

    Enhanced microprocessors with additional components like memory and I/O interfaces.

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    Trap Flag

    A flag for single-step debugging in CPUs.

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    Carry Flag

    A flag indicating carry out of the most significant bit.

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    System Bus

    A group of lines that facilitates communication within the microprocessor system.

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    Bytes

    8-bit binary numbers are referred to as bytes.

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    Coprocessor

    An element that performs specific processing tasks like graphics and encryption.

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    ALU

    The Arithmetic Logic Unit, which carries out arithmetic and logical operations.

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    Double-Word

    A 32-bit binary number also called long-word.

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    Program Counter

    A register pointing to the next instruction's address.

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    Instruction Register

    Stores data and instructions for processing in a microprocessor.

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    Instruction Decoder

    Decodes operation codes from instructions in the microprocessor.

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    Instruction Decoder

    Element that decodes the operation code of instructions.

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    Bus Snooping

    Monitoring of bus operations within a computer system.

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    Bus Snooping

    A cycle where the processor watches the system bus in multiprocessor systems.

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    I/O Port

    Serves as the communication medium between processor and outer world.

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    Hit Ratio

    The percentage of successful accesses to the cache out of total attempts.

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    Study Notes

    Identification

    • A digital machine executing various software instructions and controlling electronic devices is called a microprocessor.
    • The microprocessor is known as the "heart" or "brain" of the system, controlling all operations.
    • The Central Processing Unit (CPU) performs this function.
    • Microprocessors contain simple and complex instructions for data transfer and mathematical operations.
    • A type of RAM, Nonvolatile Memory (NVM), retains its information even when the power is off.
    • An interrupt allows processors to perform specific tasks temporarily before returning to their original execution point.
    • Microcontrollers are advanced microprocessors with built-in features such as RAM, ROM, interval timers, parallel I/O ports, and A/D converters.
    • A motherboard is a printed circuit board containing the primary electronics of a computer.
    • Intel 4004 was the first single-chip microprocessor.
    • Intel 8008 is an 8-bit microprocessor.

    Additional Information

    • Digital-to-Analog Converters (D/A Converters) convert binary signals to current, voltage, or electric charge.
    • Vacuum tubes are large, heat-producing components that act as digital switches and have been replaced by transistors.
    • Jack Kilby invented integrated circuits (ICs) in 1958.
    • Ted Hoff created a programmable general-purpose chip in the 1970s suitable for calculators..
    • Static RAM is fast and easily interfaced but takes up less space.
    • Direct Memory Access (DMA) transfers data between a hard disk and a computer's memory rapidly.
    • Dynamic RAM has a larger capacity but requires continuous refreshing.
    • Read-Only Memory (ROM) is used for permanent storage.
    • A carry flag (CF) register indicates if a result equals zero.

    Further Information

    • Intel 8080 is a processor ten times faster than Intel 8008.
    • Different binary numbers are assigned different word lengths (e.g., 8, 32 bits.)
    • The first practical integrated circuit was invented in 1959.
    • Intel 80186, was an early example of experimental processor technology.
    • The control signal component within a computer manages signals and commands for execution.
    • Interrupt Flag (IF) is affected when the INTR pin is connected to ground.
    • The Program Counter is responsible for identifying the memory address that holds the next instruction to be executed.
    • A decoder translates an instruction's operation code into necessary actions.
    • The bus snooping component monitors bus activity.
    • Software interrupts are not standard hardware interrupts.
    • Other details on mobile legends failures, worm programs, and elements responsible for data transfer and processing are outlined in this document, for a wider range of study materials.

    Additional Concepts

    • Gordon Moore's Law describes the exponential growth of transistors on integrated circuits.
    • Components such as a watchdog monitor and a bus snooping component help enhance performance.
    • Flags such as the Direction Flag (DF) affect string operations.
    • Instruction decoders translate instruction codes into hardware actions.
    • Data dependency in code is when the results of a prior instruction are needed for later instructions.
    • Cache hit ratios measure the proportion of data retrieved from cached locations.
    • Translation functions convert linear addresses into physical addresses within memory.
    • Mechanisms like TLB help to maintain cache coherency.
    • Instruction pipelines use technologies like dynamic execution to execute instructions more efficiently.

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    Microprocessor Identification (M1 108)

    Description

    Test your knowledge on computer architecture concepts including instruction registers, debugging flags, and bus operations. This quiz covers fundamental topics essential for understanding processor functions and operations. Challenge yourself with questions related to historical technologies and the roles of various components.

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