Computer Architecture Question Bank
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of error-detecting codes?

  • To encrypt data to enhance security
  • To correct errors after transmission
  • To check for errors in transmitted messages (correct)
  • To compress data for efficient transmission

In a VRC (Parity Bit Check) for even parity, what value is assigned to the parity bit when the number of 1s is odd?

  • 1 (correct)
  • 0
  • No change
  • Even

Which error-detecting technique is primarily used for adding an extra bit to check the data?

  • Checksum
  • LRC
  • VRC (correct)
  • CRC

When utilizing LRC (Longitudinal Redundancy Check), what is the significance of applying a transverse redundancy check?

<p>It allows correction of detected errors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the reception of data frames using odd parity when the count of 1s is even?

<p>The frame is rejected. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cache memory in a computer system?

<p>To speed up access to frequently used data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of bus structure in computer architecture?

<p>A pathway that facilitates data transfer between various components (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between RISC and CISC architectures?

<p>RISC focuses on a small number of instructions executed per cycle, CISC supports a larger set of instructions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding fixed-point and floating-point data representation?

<p>Floating-point can represent a wider range of values compared to fixed-point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an opcode in machine language?

<p>It specifies the operation to be performed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an arithmetic micro-operation?

<p>It modifies data values through addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following best describes the term 'virtual memory'?

<p>An extension of main memory that uses disk space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of error detecting codes like VRC, LRC, and CHECKSUM?

<p>To verify the integrity of data after transmission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the arrow symbol () represent in register transfer notation?

<p>Denotes transfer of information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which operation does the statement T: R2← R1, R1← R2 specifically perform?

<p>Exchange operation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of micro-operations in a CPU?

<p>To transfer data between registers and external buses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of an instruction cycle?

<p>Store (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes arithmetic micro-operations?

<p>They can perform any numeric operation on data in registers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'register transfer' refer to?

<p>Transferring binary information between registers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the comma play in register transfer notation?

<p>Separates multiple simultaneous operations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of operations are performed during the execution of program instructions?

<p>Atomic operations known as micro-operations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using digital representations in computers?

<p>Higher accuracy and precision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In fixed-point representation, which of the following components is NOT part of a fixed-point number?

<p>Mantissa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In floating-point representation, what does the exponent indicate?

<p>The position of the decimal point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which representation technique reserves bits differently compared to fixed-point representation?

<p>Floating-point representation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum value stored in a fixed-point representation with the format 0000.0001?

<p>0000.0001 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these number representation techniques is the most relevant for digital computers?

<p>Binary number system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the floating-point representation differ from fixed-point in terms of binary bit allocation?

<p>It reserves some bits for the mantissa and some for the exponent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a limitation of using fixed-point representation?

<p>Fixed number of bits for the integer and fractional parts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the statement R2← R1 denote in register transfer notation?

<p>A transfer of the content of register R1 to register R2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the control function in a register transfer operation?

<p>It triggers the transfer operation based on a condition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the transfer operation executed if the control condition is met?

<p>By executing an if-then statement in hardware (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the colon signify in the statement P: R2← R1?

<p>The termination of the control condition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What assumption is made about the control variable in relation to the clock?

<p>It is synchronized with the same clock applied to the register (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What represents the sign bit in both single and double precision formats?

<p>The first bit of the representation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In single precision format, how many bits are allocated for the exponent?

<p>8 bits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What formula is used to interpret a value in single precision format?

<p>1.N * 2 ^ E-127 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the number 254756.145 represented in hexadecimal form in single precision?

<p>42AA4000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a typical naming convention for registers?

<p>Registers denoted by upper case letters followed by digits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a register holds the address for the memory unit?

<p>Memory Address Register (MAR) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many bits are allocated for the mantissa in double precision format?

<p>52 bits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the instruction register (IR)?

<p>Stores the current instruction being executed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Basic Functional Units of Computer

Input, Output, Memory, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), and Control Unit. These units work together to perform computations and operations.

Von-Neumann Architecture

A computer architecture where both data and instructions are stored in the same memory location.

Register Transfer

The movement of data between registers in a computer.

Micro-operation

The smallest indivisible operation that a computer can perform.

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Machine Language

A set of binary instructions that a computer directly understands.

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Addressing Modes

Different ways a computer refers to the location of data in memory.

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Cache Memory

A small, fast memory that stores frequently accessed data for quicker retrieval.

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Pipeline Processing

A technique to execute multiple instructions concurrently by overlapping stages of their execution.

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Register Transfer Notation

A symbolic language used to describe data movement between registers in a computer.

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Micro-operations

The smallest units of processing performed by a computer's central processing unit (CPU).

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Register

A special storage location within a computer's processor that holds data.

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Arithmetic Micro-operations

Micro-operations that perform arithmetic computations on data stored in registers.

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Register Transfer

The movement of binary information from one register to another.

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Instruction Cycle

The sequence of steps for carrying out a single instruction.

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Micro-op

Another name for a micro-operation.

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Simultaneous operations

Multiple operations performed at the same time within the CPU.

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Error-detecting codes

Codes that examine a message for errors, without determining the types or number of errors.

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VRC (Vertical Redundancy Check)

Error detection method adding a parity bit to a data block, ensuring even (or odd) amount of 1s.

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LRC (Longitudinal Redundancy Check)

Error detection method using longitudinal parities to detect errors in bit streams. A more complex error check.

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Parity bit

An extra bit added to a data block to ensure an even or odd number of 1s in the code.

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Error Detection

Checking if there are errors in the data, without knowing the exact nature of the error.

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Fixed-point representation

A way to represent numbers in a computer where the location of the decimal point is fixed.

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Floating-point representation

A way to represent numbers in a computer where the decimal point's position can vary.

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Mantissa

The part of a floating-point number that represents the significant digits of the number.

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Exponent

The part of a floating-point number that indicates the position of the decimal point.

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Binary Number System

The number system used by computers, using only 0s and 1s.

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Memory Registers

Storage locations in a computer's memory that hold data.

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Digital Representation

Using binary digits (0 and 1) to represent data in computing.

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Sign Bit

A bit in a number representation that specifies the sign (positive or negative) of the number.

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Single Precision Format

A floating-point representation using 32 bits. It comprises a sign bit, an 8-bit exponent, and a 23-bit mantissa.

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Double Precision Format

A floating-point representation using 64 bits. It has a 1-bit sign, a 11-bit exponent, and a 52-bit mantissa.

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Floating-Point Representation

Method of representing real numbers in a computer, separating the number into a mantissa, exponent and base.

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Register

A small, high-speed storage location within a CPU, used to hold data or instructions.

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Register Transfer

The movement of data between registers.

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Micro-operation

The smallest, indivisible operation performed by the CPU.

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Mantissa

In floating-point, the fractional part of the number, excluding the leading 1.

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Exponent

In floating-point, the power to which the base (often 2) is raised to represent the magnitude of the number.

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Register Transfer

The symbolic representation of data movement between registers, using a replacement operator.

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Control Signal

A signal that controls when a register transfer occurs.

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Control Function

A boolean expression that determines if a transfer happens.

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Register Transfer Notation

A symbolic way to describe the movement of data between registers.

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R2← R1

A register transfer operation where the content of register R1 is copied into register R2.

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Study Notes

Computer Architecture and Organization Question Bank

  • This document is a question bank for the Computer Architecture and Organization course (03606215) at the Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology, Diploma Studies.
  • The questions cover units on computer structure, register transfer and micro-operations, basic computer programming, memory organization, pipeline and vector processing, and I/O operations.

Unit 1 (Structure of Computer)

  • Basic functional units of a computer system include input, output, memory, arithmetic and logic, and control units.
  • Bus structure: A diagram of a bus connecting various computer components is described, with explanation
  • Von-Neumann architecture: Explained with diagram
  • Error detecting codes: Includes VRC, LRC and CHECKSUM, explained with details.
  • Data representation: Fixed-point and floating-point representation with examples

Unit 2 (Register Transfer and Micro-Operation)

  • Registers: Definition and purpose
  • Register transfer and micro-operations: Explained and detailed
  • Micro-operations: List and explanation
  • Arithmetic micro-operations: Explanation
  • Bus and memory transfer concepts: Explained with details
  • RTL: Explanation and examples

Unit 3 (Programming the Basic Computer)

  • Machine language: Definition of machine language
  • Machine Language Format: Different types of instruction length (single-byte, two-byte, and three-byte) are explained.
  • Opcode and operand: What are the meanings of these important concepts in programming
  • Addressing modes: List of addressing modes is given, also with examples

Unit 4 (Memory Organization)

  • Cache Memory: Definition and purpose
  • Memory vs. Register: Comparison table/list of differences is given
  • Memory Hierarchy: Description of different levels of memory
  • RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM: Explanation and differences are described.
  • Virtual Memory: Explained

Unit 5 (Pipeline and Vector Processing)

  • Parallel processing in pipelining: Explained
  • Arithmetic pipeline: Detailed explanations
  • Instruction pipeline: Explained, with diagram, stages, and purpose.
  • RISC and CISC: Differences explained

Unit 10 (ALP Usage)

  • ALP (Assembly Language Programming): Uses of ALP, as a low-level programming language

Unit 2 (Overview Of Register Transfer And Micro-Operation Logic)

  • Register definition and use
  • Registers in a system
  • Register Transfer detailed definition of information transfer to different registers.
  • Microoperation Detailed explanation

Unit 6 (Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit)

  • Logical Shift (left/right): Explained with details and examples
  • Arithmetic Shift (left/right): Explained with examples

Unit 7 (RTL: Register Transfer Language)

  • Register transfer language: Detailed explanation of concepts
  • Register transfer statements and usage
  • Arithmetic, logical, and data movement operations: Described

Unit 3 (Programming The Basic Computer) (Part 2)

  • Opcode and operand: Explained, including examples.
  • Addressing Modes: Explanation of different addressing modes, with examples

Unit 6 (Data Transfer Operations)

  • Data transfer operations in a computer system
  • Instruction codes and mnemonics for data transfer operations such as load, store, input, and output
  • Examples of Data Transfer Operations given, using instructions (e.g., LD, ST, MOV).

Unit 7 (Logical Operations)

  • Bitwise logical operations: Defined and explained
  • Instructions with examples (e.g., AND, OR, XOR, NOT)
  • Branching: Explained with instructions used (e.g., conditional and unconditional jumps).

Unit 8 (Stack Operations)

  • Stack operations: Definition of stack, stack pointer
  • Stack instructions given (e.g., PUSH, POP, PUSF)
  • Purpose of stacks within computer systems

Unit 9 (I/O Operations)

  • I/O operations: Detailed explanation of I/O operations, including instructions and roles of input/output devices and control registers in controlling transfers of data

Unit 10 and 11 (ALP Programming, usage of ALP)

  • ALP (Assembly Language Programming): Introduction and uses
  • Detailed explanation of example programs

Unit 4 and 6 (Further explanations)

  • Further explanations and examples: Explained and given for better comprehension

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Description

Explore the key concepts in Computer Architecture and Organization through this question bank designed for the Diploma Studies at Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology. Covering essential units like computer structure, memory organization, and processing methods, this resource is perfect for enhancing your understanding. Test your knowledge on topics such as Von-Neumann architecture, error detection, and data representation.

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