Micro-Operations in CPU

Micro-operations (micro-ops) are the functional or atomic operations of a processor, used to implement complex machine instructions.
They perform operations on data stored in one or more registers, transferring data between registers or between external buses of the CPU.
Micro-operations include arithmetic and logical operations on registers.

Load: loads information from memory into a register.
Store: stores information from a register into memory.
Add: adds two values and stores the result in a register.
Subtract: subtracts one value from another and stores the result in a register.
And: performs a logical AND operation on two values and stores the result in a register.
Or: performs a logical OR operation on two values and stores the result in a register.
Not: performs a logical NOT operation on a value and stores the result in a register.
Shift: shifts the bits in a register to the left or right.

Addition: adds two values together and stores the result in a register.
Subtraction: subtracts one value from another and stores the result in a register.
Increment: adds 1 to the value in a register.
Decrement: subtracts 1 from the value in a register.
Multiplication: multiplies two values together and stores the result in a register.
Division: divides one value by another and stores the quotient and remainder in separate registers.
Shift: shifts the bits in a register to the left or right.

Logic Micro-operations are a set of binary operations performed on registers containing strings of bits.
These operations treat each bit of the register separately and consider them as binary variables.
There are 16 different logic operations that can be performed.

There are three types of shift micro-operations: Logical Shift, Arithmetic Shift, and Circular Shift.
Logical Shift: transfers the 0 zero through the serial input.
Arithmetic Shift: moves the signed binary number either to the left or to the right position.
Circular Shift: circulates the bits in the sequence of the register around both ends without any loss of information.

Logical Left Shift: moves each bit one position to the left and fills the empty least significant bit (LSB) with zero.
Logical Right Shift: not mentioned in the text.

Arithmetic Left Shift: moves each bit one position to the left, filling the empty least significant bit (LSB) with zero.
Arithmetic Right Shift: moves each bit one position to the right, filling the empty most significant bit (MSB) with the value of the previous MSB.

Circular Left Shift: shifts each bit one position to the left, filling the empty least significant bit (LSB) with the value of the most significant bit (MSB).
Circular Right Shift: shifts each bit one position to the right, filling the empty most significant bit (MSB) with the value of the least significant bit (LSB).

Micro-operations (micro-ops) are the functional or atomic operations of a processor, used to implement complex machine instructions.
They perform operations on data stored in one or more registers, transferring data between registers or between external buses of the CPU.
Micro-operations include arithmetic and logical operations on registers.

Load: loads information from memory into a register.
Store: stores information from a register into memory.
Add: adds two values and stores the result in a register.
Subtract: subtracts one value from another and stores the result in a register.
And: performs a logical AND operation on two values and stores the result in a register.
Or: performs a logical OR operation on two values and stores the result in a register.
Not: performs a logical NOT operation on a value and stores the result in a register.
Shift: shifts the bits in a register to the left or right.

Addition: adds two values together and stores the result in a register.
Subtraction: subtracts one value from another and stores the result in a register.
Increment: adds 1 to the value in a register.
Decrement: subtracts 1 from the value in a register.
Multiplication: multiplies two values together and stores the result in a register.
Division: divides one value by another and stores the quotient and remainder in separate registers.
Shift: shifts the bits in a register to the left or right.

Logic Micro-operations are a set of binary operations performed on registers containing strings of bits.
These operations treat each bit of the register separately and consider them as binary variables.
There are 16 different logic operations that can be performed.

There are three types of shift micro-operations: Logical Shift, Arithmetic Shift, and Circular Shift.
Logical Shift: transfers the 0 zero through the serial input.
Arithmetic Shift: moves the signed binary number either to the left or to the right position.
Circular Shift: circulates the bits in the sequence of the register around both ends without any loss of information.

Logical Left Shift: moves each bit one position to the left and fills the empty least significant bit (LSB) with zero.
Logical Right Shift: not mentioned in the text.

Arithmetic Left Shift: moves each bit one position to the left, filling the empty least significant bit (LSB) with zero.
Arithmetic Right Shift: moves each bit one position to the right, filling the empty most significant bit (MSB) with the value of the previous MSB.

Circular Left Shift: shifts each bit one position to the left, filling the empty least significant bit (LSB) with the value of the most significant bit (MSB).
Circular Right Shift: shifts each bit one position to the right, filling the empty most significant bit (MSB) with the value of the least significant bit (LSB).