Comprehensive Science Quiz

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves.

A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves.

A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) halves.

Toward the front of the body.

Toward the back of the body.

The body system responsible for gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

The study of the human body's structures and systems.

The process of making proteins using DNA instructions.

Genetic material that codes for proteins.

Diseases (like pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma), cigarettes, pollution, dust, allergies, and inflammation narrow the airways.

The system responsible for circulating blood throughout the body, carrying oxygen, nutrients, and hormones.

"Blood" transports oxygen, minerals, and hormones, maintains blood pressure, regulates body temperature and body pH.

Arteries, veins, and capillaries that carry blood throughout the body.

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

The four chambers of the heart (right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle) and the septum separating the ventricles.

Tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins and allow for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products.

Substances that start a chemical reaction.

New substances that form after a chemical reaction.

A chemical equation with equal numbers of atoms of each element on both sides of the arrow.

A number placed in front of a chemical symbol or formula to multiply it.

A reaction that releases heat.

A reaction that absorbs heat.

Something that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed.

When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal.

The skin forms a barrier, protecting the body from harmful substances, UV rays, and excessive water loss.

Sweat glands in the skin regulate body temperature by producing sweat, which evaporates to cool the body.

Nerves in the skin allow us to feel touch, pressure, heat, and cold.

The skin regulates body temperature and fluid balance; it's important to keep these in check!

A network of glands releasing hormones that control various bodily functions like growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

The 'master gland' in the endocrine system, controlling other glands and hormone production.

Produces thyroxine to regulate metabolism and calcitonin to control blood calcium.

Regulates blood calcium levels with parathyroid hormone.

Produces thymosin which aids in immune system development.

Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine for the "fight or flight" response.

Produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels.

Produce estrogen and progesterone, which regulate the menstrual cycle.

Produce testosterone, affecting male development and reproductive organs.

Hormones regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, and mood.

Hormones made up of cholesterol; include testosterone and estrogen.

Atoms that have gained or lost electrons, carrying a positive or negative charge.

Positively charged ions; formed when atoms lose electrons.

Negatively charged ions; formed when atoms gain electrons.

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, influencing bonding.

Bond formed when one atom gives electrons to another, to achieve stability.

Bond formed when atoms share electrons to achieve stability.

Different forms of matter: solids, liquids, and gases, characterized by their properties.

Anything that has mass and takes up space.

The chemical junction between the terminal of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron.

A fatty covering that speeds up electrical signal transmission along nerve cells.

A type of glial cell that forms the myelin sheath.

Gaps in the myelin sheath that allow ions to flow, enabling faster signal transmission.

The end of a neuron's axon that releases neurotransmitters to communicate with other cells at synapses.

Neurons that send signals to the central nervous system from the body.

Neurons that send signals from the central nervous system to muscles.

The part of the nervous system responsible for involuntary actions like heart rate and digestion.

The part of the nervous system responsible for voluntary actions like moving your limbs.

Neurons receive, process, and transmit information using electrical and chemical signals.