Comprehension of Written and Spoken Language Lecture 10

16 Questions

What is the linguistic process of alluding to a concept using another name?

Reference

What is an intended but not explicitly mentioned reference in a sentence?

Implication

What is the process by which readers draw connections between concepts, determine referents, and derive conclusions?

Inference

What did Just and Carpenter (1980) use eye-tracking procedures to study in reading comprehension?

Measuring gaze duration on each word

'The' is classified as which type of article?

'The' is a definite article

What are situation models representations of?

Real-world situations described in text, including temporal and spatial information, objects, locations, people, and inferences.

What does Clark's term 'bridging' refer to?

Constructing a connection between concepts

What do Grice's conversational maxims assume about each participant in a conversation?

Each participant is sincere and appropriate

What do direct and second-order online theories help understand during conversations?

Conversational partners' knowledge and interests

What do indirect requests serve as in conversations?

A polite way to ask someone to do something

What did Keysar (1998) find about adults during conversations?

Adults often speak egocentrically during conversations.

What does Gernsbacher (1990) propose about language comprehension?

It is a process of building mental structures

What are the traditional comprehension research methods criticized for?

Raising more questions than they answered

What is the Structure Building Framework's 'Advantage of First Mention'?

Ideas mentioned in the first sentence retain a special significance

What do on-line measures of comprehension aim to do?

Measure comprehension as it happens

What are linguistic intuitions related to in traditional comprehension research?

Judgements about the acceptability of sentences

Study Notes

"The" is a definite article, while "A," "an," and "some" are indefinite articles.
Gernsbacher predicts that sentences with definite articles will be more coherent and sensible than sentences with indefinite articles.
Situation models are representations of real-world situations described in text, including temporal and spatial information, objects, locations, people, and inferences.
Reference is the linguistic process of alluding to a concept using another name.
Implication is an intended but not explicitly mentioned reference in a sentence.
Inference is the process by which readers draw connections between concepts, determine referents, and derive conclusions.
Clark's term for constructing a connection between concepts is called bridging.
Just and Carpenter (1980) used eye-tracking procedures to study reading comprehension, measuring gaze duration on each word.
In spoken language and conversation, the current speaker usually gets to select the next speaker, and there are rules regarding turn-taking in conversations.
Grice's conversational maxims, derived from the Cooperative Principle, assume each participant in a conversation is sincere and appropriate.
Direct and second-order online theories are models used during conversations to understand what our conversational partners know and are interested in.
Indirect requests are a polite way to ask someone to do something, while face saving is a way to avoid violating the relevance maxim in conversations.
Egocentric speech is when speakers fail to appreciate another person's perspective and design utterances solely for their own understanding.
Keysar (1998) found that adults often speak egocentrically during conversations.
Our first pass at an utterance is typically egocentric.

This quiz covers the overview of Miller’s fourth and fifth levels of language analysis which focus on the conceptual and belief levels. It includes examples of ambiguous sentences and traditional comprehension research related to linguistic intuitions and memory.

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