Components of Organizational Behavior
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following components of organizational behavior focuses on the cultural interactions between different groups?

  • Anthropology (correct)
  • Sociology
  • Social
  • Psychology
  • Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing organizational behavior in the workplace?

  • Technology
  • Teamwork
  • Finance (correct)
  • Environment
  • Which of the following is a characteristic of conscientious employees?

  • They are best suited for individual tasks rather than teamwork
  • They are often seen as risk-takers
  • They are highly motivated and committed to their work (correct)
  • They are always seeking social recognition
  • Which of the following is a key characteristic of individuals with high emotional intelligence (EQ)?

    <p>They are adept at recognizing, managing, and expressing their emotions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following employee personality traits is most likely to be concerned with pleasing others and avoiding conflict?

    <p>Agreeableness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can potentially influence job satisfaction in an external environment, according to the provided content?

    <p>Individual Personality Traits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between idiographic and nomothetic approaches to personality?

    <p>Idiographic emphasizes the uniqueness of an individual's personality, while nomothetic focuses on how personality traits vary across individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the Big Five personality model (OCEAN)?

    <p>Introversion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between self-esteem and self-efficacy?

    <p>Self-esteem is about how much we like ourselves, while self-efficacy is about how well we think we can perform a task. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a high power distance culture?

    <p>Equal distribution of power and influence across all members of society. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, which of the following is considered a hygiene factor?

    <p>Working environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines the concept of 'presenteeism' in the workplace?

    <p>Employees coming to work even when they are ill or not feeling well. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common sign of low motivation in the workplace?

    <p>Increased productivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of commitment to an organization as defined by Allen and Meyer's model?

    <p>Behavioral Commitment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between implicit and explicit prejudice?

    <p>Implicit prejudice is conscious and deliberate, while explicit prejudice is unconscious and unintentional. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the concept of 'contrast effect' in perception?

    <p>The tendency to perceive someone more positively or negatively depending on the people they are compared to. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the iceberg theory of culture, which of the following is considered a visible aspect of culture?

    <p>Rituals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following needs is NOT a key component of McClelland's Theory of Three Needs?

    <p>Need for Self-Actualization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common misconception about personality theories?

    <p>Personality is entirely influenced by genes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common perceptual distortion?

    <p>Attribution Theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an emotionally unstable introvert, according to Eysenck's theory?

    <p>Quickly seeking gratification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key component of the Social Information Processing approach to job satisfaction?

    <p>Organizational culture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the Expectancy Theory?

    <p>To explain how individuals make decisions based on the anticipated outcomes of their actions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method used in developing a Needs Assessment?

    <p>Implementing a leadership training program. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a level of training evaluation?

    <p>Evaluating the effectiveness of the training. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the Interactive process?

    <p>A systematic approach to research and development, involving repeated trial and error within defined timeframes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a successful team?

    <p>A strong focus on individual goals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a psychological symptom of stress?

    <p>Increased appetite and overeating. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an individual strategy for managing stress?

    <p>Seeking professional help for stress management. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between Transformational and Transactional leadership?

    <p>Transformational leaders inspire positive change, while Transactional leaders focus on managing and supervising. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of Charismatic Leadership?

    <p>The ability to build strong relationships within an inner circle of trusted assistants. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Tuckman Model, which stage comes after 'Norming'?

    <p>Performing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Components of Organizational Behavior

    Elements that influence interactions within an organization, including sociology, psychology, etc.

    Important Factors of OB

    Key aspects that affect organizational behavior: People, Structures, Technology, Environment, and Teamwork.

    Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

    Measure of intelligence reflecting logical reasoning and abstract thinking.

    Emotional Quotient (EQ)

    Ability to recognize, control, and express emotions; learnable through experience.

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    Agreeableness in Employees

    Trait where individuals prioritize pleasing others over personal advancement; often conflict-averse.

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    Need for power

    Desire to influence or control others with authority.

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    Equity Theory

    How individuals evaluate their circumstances in relation to others to motivate behavior.

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    Expectancy Theory

    A thought process deciding actions based on expected outcomes.

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    Goal Setting Theory

    The importance of clear, achievable goals in guiding behavior.

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    Positive Reinforcement

    Desirable consequences that increase the likelihood of a behavior repeating.

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    Negative Reinforcement

    Removing undesirable consequences to decrease unwanted behavior.

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    Tuckman Model

    Stages of team development: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning.

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    Psychological symptoms of stress

    Mental effects of stress like muscle pain and anxiety.

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    Charismatic Leadership

    Leader's personal traits that attract and connect with followers.

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    Transformational leadership

    Leadership style focused on inspiring positive change with vision.

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    Freud's Psychodynamic Theory

    Theory that personality is shaped by unconscious drives and conflicts.

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    ID

    The unconscious part of personality that seeks immediate gratification.

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    Ego

    The conscious part of personality that mediates between the ID and reality.

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    Super Ego

    The moral compass of personality, reflecting societal rules and morals.

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    The Big 5 (OCEAN)

    Model of personality including Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

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    Self-Efficacy

    Belief in one's ability to execute tasks successfully.

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    Locus of Control

    The extent to which individuals believe they can control events affecting them.

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    Attribution Theory

    Explains how we perceive causes for behavior based on consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness.

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    Prejudice

    Negative attitudes towards members of a specific group.

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    Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

    A theory proposing that humans have five levels of needs, from basic to self-actualization.

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    Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

    Theory distinguishing between hygiene factors that prevent dissatisfaction and motivators that enhance satisfaction.

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    Continuous Commitment

    Commitment based on the perceived risks of leaving an organization.

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    Affective Commitment

    Emotional attachment to an organization, leading to loyalty.

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    Pro-Social Behaviors

    Actions that benefit the organization and its members.

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    Deviant Behaviors

    Actions that are counterproductive and harmful to the organization.

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    Study Notes

    Components of Organizational Behavior

    • Sociology: Focuses on measuring social systems within organizations.
    • Social Factors: Examines interpersonal relationships and teamwork dynamics in the workplace.
    • Anthropology: Studies how different cultures interact and influence organizational behavior.
    • Psychology: Analyzes attitudes, behaviors, and changes in the workplace.

    5 Important Factors in Organizational Behavior

    • People: Crucial for efficiency, needing to understand and adapt to external factors like market trends.
    • Structures: Relates to organizational structure, coordination at different levels and how people fit into it.
    • Technology: Aids in completing tasks faster and more efficiently.
    • Environment: The internal and external environments impact employee motivation and needs.
    • Teamwork: Teams enhance productivity, idea-sharing, and responsibility. Improved team dynamics foster employee loyalty and reduce training costs.

    Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and Emotional Quotient (EQ)

    • IQ (Intelligence Quotient): Inborn, focusing on logical reasoning and abstract thinking.
    • EQ (Emotional Quotient): Learned through experiences, focusing on emotional intelligence, recognizing and managing emotions.

    Employee Personality Traits

    • Conscientious Employees: Hardworking, motivated, confident, committed, and satisfied. They are more likely to exhibit positive citizenship behaviors and teamwork skills.
    • Extroverted Employees: Sociable, team leaders, influential, and seeking recognition and status.
    • Agreeable Employees: Prioritize pleasing others over personal advancement and are often conflict-avoidant.

    Personality Theories

    • Idiographic Theory: Focuses on specific personality traits of individual people.
    • Nomothetic Theory: Explores personality traits that vary widely across individuals.
    • Freud's Psychodynamic Theory: Explains personality development through the unconscious, conscious, and moral components of the self.
    • Eysenck's Type Theory: Identifies stable vs. unstable, extroverted vs. introverted personalities.
    • Cattell's Trait Theory: Recognizes surface traits and source traits (fundamental building blocks of personality) that emerge in behavior.

    The Big Five Personality Traits (OCEAN)

    • Openness: Willingness to try new things.
    • Conscientiousness: Focus on achieving goals.
    • Extroversion: Sociable and assertive behaviors.
    • Agreeableness: Adaptable to different situations and people.
    • Neuroticism (Emotional Stability): Capacity to manage emotions amidst stressful situations.
    • Self-Esteem: The degree to which one perceives oneself in line with aspirational ideals.
    • Self-Efficacy: Confidence in one's ability to complete a task.
    • Locus of Control: The belief about who/what controls one's life. Internal locus of control believes in one's own control, while external locus feels controlled by factors outside oneself.

    Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

    • MBTI characterizes personality types based on opposing traits.
    • Describes different approaches to thinking, feeling, and actions.

    Perceptual Process

    • Perceptual process: A five-step process, including environmental stimuli, selective attention, organization, reaction, and interpretation.
    • Perceptual Distortions: Errors in judgment based on inaccurate perceptions.

    Attribution Theory

    • Explains how individuals perceive the causes of behavior. Considers consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness of behavior.

    Attitudes

    • Attitudes: A combination of thoughts, emotions, and predispositions toward acting in a certain way.
    • Attitude Components: Cognitive (beliefs), affective (emotions/feelings), behavioral (actions).

    Prejudice

    • Prejudice: Negative attitude toward a specific group of people.

    Values and Attitudes

    • Values: Deeply held beliefs about what is important.
    • Attitudes: Influenced by social factors (family, friends, culture).

    External Environmental Influences on Job Satisfaction

    • Family, social circles, macroeconomics, societal beliefs, traditions, religion, and other factors.

    Cultural Dimensions

    • Power Distance: How a society views and accepts unequal power distribution.
    • Individualism vs. Collectivism: The degree of interdependence within a society.
    • Masculinity vs. Femininity: Societal priorities for competitive success or quality of life.
    • Uncertainty Avoidance: Preparation a society has for future uncertainty.

    Task Characteristics Approach

    • A framework for understanding how task attributes impact employee motivation, satisfaction, and performance.

    Social Information Processing Approach

    • Attributes of tasks impact employee perceptions influenced by social cues and interactions.

    Dispositional Approach

    • Focuses on consistent and stable thought patterns that relate to job satisfaction.

    Organizational Commitment

    • Commitment dimensions: Continuous commitment (risks of leaving), affective commitment (emotional investment), normative commitment (moral obligation to stay).

    Prosocial and Deviant Behaviors

    • Prosocial behaviors: Benefit the organization.
    • Deviant behaviors: Harmful to or counterproductive for the organization.

    Presenteeism

    • Employees showing up to work ill.

    Motivation Drivers

    • Work attitudes and culture, skills, ability, motivation determine performance.

    Low Motivation Indicators

    • Absenteeism, poor productivity, high turnover, accidents, complaints, and harassment.

    Motivation Theories

    • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Five levels of needs: self-actualization, self-esteem, love/belonging, safety, and physiological.
    • Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory: Hygiene factors prevent dissatisfaction, while motivators increase satisfaction.
    • McClelland's Theory of Needs: Three needs: achievement, affiliation, and power drive behavior.
    • Equity Theory: Comparison to others determines motivational behavior.
    • Expectancy Theory: Effort, performance, and outcomes drive motivation.
    • Goal-Setting Theory: Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound goals enhance performance.

    Reinforcement

    • Positive Reinforcement: Rewarding desirable behavior to encourage continuation.
    • Negative Reinforcement: Removing unwanted stimuli to reinforce a desired behavior.

    Team Development (Tuckman Model)

    • Tuckman's Model: Five stages in team development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.

    Successful Team Characteristics

    • Interpersonal skills, communication, commitment, motivation, interdependence, leadership, accountability, and appropriate composition.

    Needs Assessment Methods

    • Organization analysis, individual analysis, task and behavioral analysis, work sampling, performance appraisals, skills testing, and exit interviews.

    Training Methods

    • Off-the-job training: Conferences, training camps, role plays, business games.
    • On-the-job training: Job rotation, job instruction training, coaching.

    Training Evaluation

    • Four levels of training evaluation: Reactions, learning, behavior, and results.

    VARK Model

    • VARK model: Categorizes learners as visual, auditory, reading/writing or kinesthetic.

    Stress

    • Psychological symptoms of stress: Muscle pains, shortness of breath, chest pains, panic attacks, sleep disorders.
    • Behavioral symptoms of stress: Short temper, changes in eating habits, decreased productivity, increased smoking/alcohol, rapid speech, fidgeting, sleep disorders.
    • Environmental, organizational, and personal factors causing stress.
    • Individual and management strategies to manage stress.

    Leadership Theories

    • Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory: Leaders develop close relationships with certain trusted individuals.
    • Distributed Leadership: Leadership is shared among multiple individuals.
    • Charismatic Leadership: Leader's personal traits draw followers' engagement.
    • Transformational Leadership: Inspiring positive change.
    • Transactional Leadership: Supervising and managing employees.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the essential components of organizational behavior, including the roles of sociology, psychology, and anthropology. It also delves into important factors such as people, structures, technology, and teamwork that influence workplace dynamics and efficiency. Test your understanding of how these elements interact to shape organizational culture.

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