Blood and immunity terms and disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of T cells in adaptive immunity?

  • Producing antibodies to neutralize pathogens.
  • Promoting inflammation during allergic responses.
  • Directly attacking foreign invaders. (correct)
  • Initiating the process of hemopoiesis.

    • Which term describes the proportion of red blood cells in blood?

  • Hemostasis
  • Hemopathy
  • Hematocrit (correct)
  • Hemoglobin

    • Which of the following terms refers specifically to the process of stopping bleeding?

  • Hemostasis (correct)
  • Leukocytosis
  • Hematopoiesis
  • Erythropoiesis

    • Which type of white blood cell plays a key role in allergic reactions and fighting parasitic infections?

    <p>Eosinophil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'immun/o' pertain to in medical terminology?

    <p>Immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of immunoglobulins in the immune system?

    <p>They neutralize pathogens and provide protective functions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutropenia specifically refers to which condition in relation to white blood cells?

    <p>A decrease in neutrophils, increasing infection vulnerability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following defines an antigen?

    <p>A substance that triggers an immune response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'anemia' indicate regarding blood composition?

    <p>A lack of hemoglobin or red blood cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which root word correlates with the concept of clotting in medical terminology?

    <p>Thromb/o (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'autoimmunity' specifically refer to?

    <p>The immune system attacks the body's own tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best characterizes an immunodeficiency disorder?

    <p>A weakened immune system that favors infection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-cytosis' indicate in medical terminology?

    <p>An abnormal increase in the number of cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of immunoglobulins?

    <p>To act as antibodies in the immune response. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a hypersensitivity reaction?

    <p>Anaphylaxis, causing severe systemic reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'Auto-' signify in medical terms?

    <p>Indicating a self-originating condition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the concept of prophylaxis?

    <p>A procedure intended to prevent disease or infection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lymphadenopathy?

    <p>A disease affecting the lymph nodes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of gamma globulin?

    <p>It contains antibodies for passive immunity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best defines hypersensitivity?

    <p>An excessive immune response to a harmless substance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes B cells from T cells in the context of immunity?

    <p>B cells produce antibodies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the immune response triggered by a substance?

    <p>Antigen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main risk associated with neutropenia?

    <p>Vulnerability to infections. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which root word specifically relates to the concept of red blood cells?

    <p>Erythr/o (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hematocrit specifically measure?

    <p>The percentage of red blood cells in the blood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which white blood cell type is crucial for fighting parasitic infections?

    <p>Eosinophil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the process of hemostasis entail?

    <p>Stopping bleeding through clot formation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes an immune response that is artificially induced?

    <p>Immunization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition does the medical term 'anemia' specifically describe?

    <p>Deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein plays a key defensive role against infections produced by B cells?

    <p>Immunoglobulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'hypersensitivity' refer to in the context of the immune system?

    <p>An exaggerated immune response causing tissue damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking the body's own tissues?

    <p>Autoimmunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-cytosis' indicate when discussing blood cell counts?

    <p>An abnormal increase in cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the function of immunoglobulin?

    <p>Serving as antibodies critical for immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of prophylaxis in medical terminology?

    <p>To prevent the occurrence of disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does gamma globulin provide to an individual?

    <p>Passive immunity through antibodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of lymphocytes in the immune system?

    <p>To detect and destroy pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'lymph/o' indicate in medical terminology?

    <p>Referring to lymph and the lymphatic system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an immunodeficiency disorder?

    <p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'lymphadenopathy' signify?

    <p>Swelling of the lymph nodes due to infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Components of Adaptive Immunity

    • T Cells: Responsible for cell-mediated immunity, directly attacking foreign invaders.
    • B Cells: Responsible for humoral immunity, producing antibodies.
    • Hem/o, Hemat/o: Blood (e.g., hemopathy)
    • Erythr/o: Red (e.g., erythropoiesis)
    • Thromb/o: Clot (e.g., thrombosis)
    • Leuk/o: White (e.g., leukocytosis)

    Hematology Terms

    • Hematocrit: The proportion of red blood cells in the blood.
    • Hemostasis: The process of stopping bleeding, including blood clot formation.
    • Immun/o: Refers to immunity or immune systems.
    • Immunization: Process of inducing immunity.
    • Immunoglobulin (Ig): Antibody proteins that protect against infections.
    • Antigen: A substance that triggers an immune response.
    • Antibody (Immunoglobulin): A protein produced by B cells that helps neutralize pathogens like bacteria and viruses.
    • Neutropenia: A decrease in the number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, making the body more vulnerable to infections.
    • Eosinophil: A type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions and fighting parasitic infections.
    • Lymphocyte: A type of white blood cell involved in immune response.
    • Anemia: Deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin.
    • Leukemia: Cancer involving overproduction of white blood cells.
    • Autoimmune Diseases: The immune system attacks the body's own cells.
    • Immunodeficiency Disorders: A weakened immune system, as seen in (human immunodeficiency virus) HIV.

    Common Roots

    • -phylaxis: Refers to protection or prevention.

      • Prophylaxis: Treatment given or action taken to prevent disease.
      • Anaphylaxis: A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.

    • Lymph/o: Referring to lymph or the lymphatic system, part of the immune system.

      • Lymphocyte: A type of white blood cell involved in immune response.
      • Lymphadenopathy: Disease affecting the lymph nodes.

    • -globulin: Refers to proteins involved in immune response.

      • Immunoglobulin: Antibodies that play a critical role in immune response.
      • Gamma Globulin: A substance containing antibodies given for passive immunity.

    • Auto-: Prefix meaning "self."

      • Autoimmune: When the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.
      • Autoantibodies: Antibodies produced by the immune system that attack the body’s own cells.

    • -cytosis: Refers to an abnormal increase in the number of cells.

      • Leukocytosis: An abnormal increase in white blood cells.

    Hypersensitivity

    • Hypersensitivity: An exaggerated immune response to a foreign substance.
      • Hypersensitivity reaction: Immune responses that result in damage to tissues, ranging from mild to severe (e.g., anaphylaxis).

    Adaptive Immunity

    • Adaptive immunity is a specific defense mechanism that targets particular pathogens.
    • It has two main arms:
      • Cell-mediated immunity (T cells) directly attacks foreign invaders.
      • Humoral immunity (B cells) utilizes antibodies to neutralize pathogens.
    • Hem/o, Hemat/o: Refers to blood (e.g., hemopathy: any blood disease).
    • Erythr/o: Refers to red (e.g., erythropoiesis: the production of red blood cells).
    • Thromb/o: Refers to clot (e.g., thrombosis: the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel).
    • Leuk/o: Refers to white (e.g., leukocytosis: an increase in the number of white blood cells).

    Medical Terminology Related to Blood & Immunity

    • Hematocrit: Represents the percentage of red blood cells in the blood volume.
    • Hemostasis: The process of stopping bleeding, including blood clot formation.
    • Immun/o: Denotes immunity and immune systems.
    • Immunization: Process of inducing immunity to a disease, often through vaccination.
    • Immunoglobulin (Ig): Antibody proteins produced by B cells that provide protection against infections.
    • Antigen: Any substance that triggers an immune response.
    • Antibody (Immunoglobulin): Proteins produced by B cells to neutralize pathogens like bacteria and viruses.
    • Neutropenia: A decrease in neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, leading to increased infection vulnerability.
    • Eosinophil: A type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions and fighting parasitic infections.
    • Lymphocyte: A type of white blood cell crucial for immune responses.
    • Anemia: Deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, causing reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood.
    • Leukemia: Cancer involving overproduction of white blood cells.
    • Autoimmune Diseases: Occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells.
    • Immunodeficiency Disorders: Characterized by a weakened immune system, such as in HIV infection.

    Medical Terminology Suffixes and Prefixes

    • -phylaxis: Refers to protection or prevention.
      • Prophylaxis: Treatment or action taken to prevent disease.
      • Anaphylaxis: A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction.
    • Lymph/o: Relates to lymph or the lymphatic system.
      • Lymphocyte: A type of white blood cell involved in immune response.
      • Lymphadenopathy: Disease affecting the lymph nodes.
    • -globulin: Refers to proteins involved in immune response.
      • Immunoglobulin: Antibodies critical in immune response.
      • Gamma globulin: Substance containing antibodies given for passive immunity.
    • Auto-: Prefix meaning "self".
      • Autoimmune: When the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.
      • Autoantibodies: Antibodies produced by the immune system that attack the body's own cells.
    • -cytosis: Refers to an abnormal increase in the number of cells.
      • Leukocytosis: An abnormal increase in white blood cells.

    Hypersensitivity

    • An exaggerated immune response to a foreign substance.
    • Hypersensitivity reactions can cause tissue damage, ranging from mild to severe (e.g., anaphylaxis).

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the components of adaptive immunity, including T cells and B cells, along with important medical terminology related to blood and immunity. This quiz covers definitions and functions essential for understanding the immune system.

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