Blood and immunity terms and disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of T cells in adaptive immunity?

  • Producing antibodies to neutralize pathogens.
  • Promoting inflammation during allergic responses.
  • Directly attacking foreign invaders. (correct)
  • Initiating the process of hemopoiesis.

Which term describes the proportion of red blood cells in blood?

  • Hemostasis
  • Hemopathy
  • Hematocrit (correct)
  • Hemoglobin

Which of the following terms refers specifically to the process of stopping bleeding?

  • Hemostasis (correct)
  • Leukocytosis
  • Hematopoiesis
  • Erythropoiesis

Which type of white blood cell plays a key role in allergic reactions and fighting parasitic infections?

<p>Eosinophil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'immun/o' pertain to in medical terminology?

<p>Immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of immunoglobulins in the immune system?

<p>They neutralize pathogens and provide protective functions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neutropenia specifically refers to which condition in relation to white blood cells?

<p>A decrease in neutrophils, increasing infection vulnerability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines an antigen?

<p>A substance that triggers an immune response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'anemia' indicate regarding blood composition?

<p>A lack of hemoglobin or red blood cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which root word correlates with the concept of clotting in medical terminology?

<p>Thromb/o (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'autoimmunity' specifically refer to?

<p>The immune system attacks the body's own tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best characterizes an immunodeficiency disorder?

<p>A weakened immune system that favors infection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-cytosis' indicate in medical terminology?

<p>An abnormal increase in the number of cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of immunoglobulins?

<p>To act as antibodies in the immune response. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a hypersensitivity reaction?

<p>Anaphylaxis, causing severe systemic reactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'Auto-' signify in medical terms?

<p>Indicating a self-originating condition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the concept of prophylaxis?

<p>A procedure intended to prevent disease or infection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lymphadenopathy?

<p>A disease affecting the lymph nodes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of gamma globulin?

<p>It contains antibodies for passive immunity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best defines hypersensitivity?

<p>An excessive immune response to a harmless substance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes B cells from T cells in the context of immunity?

<p>B cells produce antibodies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the immune response triggered by a substance?

<p>Antigen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk associated with neutropenia?

<p>Vulnerability to infections. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which root word specifically relates to the concept of red blood cells?

<p>Erythr/o (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hematocrit specifically measure?

<p>The percentage of red blood cells in the blood. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which white blood cell type is crucial for fighting parasitic infections?

<p>Eosinophil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of hemostasis entail?

<p>Stopping bleeding through clot formation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes an immune response that is artificially induced?

<p>Immunization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition does the medical term 'anemia' specifically describe?

<p>Deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein plays a key defensive role against infections produced by B cells?

<p>Immunoglobulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'hypersensitivity' refer to in the context of the immune system?

<p>An exaggerated immune response causing tissue damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking the body's own tissues?

<p>Autoimmunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-cytosis' indicate when discussing blood cell counts?

<p>An abnormal increase in cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the function of immunoglobulin?

<p>Serving as antibodies critical for immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of prophylaxis in medical terminology?

<p>To prevent the occurrence of disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does gamma globulin provide to an individual?

<p>Passive immunity through antibodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lymphocytes in the immune system?

<p>To detect and destroy pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'lymph/o' indicate in medical terminology?

<p>Referring to lymph and the lymphatic system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an immunodeficiency disorder?

<p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'lymphadenopathy' signify?

<p>Swelling of the lymph nodes due to infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Components of Adaptive Immunity

  • T Cells: Responsible for cell-mediated immunity, directly attacking foreign invaders.
  • B Cells: Responsible for humoral immunity, producing antibodies.
  • Hem/o, Hemat/o: Blood (e.g., hemopathy)
  • Erythr/o: Red (e.g., erythropoiesis)
  • Thromb/o: Clot (e.g., thrombosis)
  • Leuk/o: White (e.g., leukocytosis)

Hematology Terms

  • Hematocrit: The proportion of red blood cells in the blood.
  • Hemostasis: The process of stopping bleeding, including blood clot formation.
  • Immun/o: Refers to immunity or immune systems.
  • Immunization: Process of inducing immunity.
  • Immunoglobulin (Ig): Antibody proteins that protect against infections.
  • Antigen: A substance that triggers an immune response.
  • Antibody (Immunoglobulin): A protein produced by B cells that helps neutralize pathogens like bacteria and viruses.
  • Neutropenia: A decrease in the number of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, making the body more vulnerable to infections.
  • Eosinophil: A type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions and fighting parasitic infections.
  • Lymphocyte: A type of white blood cell involved in immune response.
  • Anemia: Deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin.
  • Leukemia: Cancer involving overproduction of white blood cells.
  • Autoimmune Diseases: The immune system attacks the body's own cells.
  • Immunodeficiency Disorders: A weakened immune system, as seen in (human immunodeficiency virus) HIV.

Common Roots

  • -phylaxis: Refers to protection or prevention.

    • Prophylaxis: Treatment given or action taken to prevent disease.
    • Anaphylaxis: A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.

  • Lymph/o: Referring to lymph or the lymphatic system, part of the immune system.

    • Lymphocyte: A type of white blood cell involved in immune response.
    • Lymphadenopathy: Disease affecting the lymph nodes.

  • -globulin: Refers to proteins involved in immune response.

    • Immunoglobulin: Antibodies that play a critical role in immune response.
    • Gamma Globulin: A substance containing antibodies given for passive immunity.

  • Auto-: Prefix meaning "self."

    • Autoimmune: When the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.
    • Autoantibodies: Antibodies produced by the immune system that attack the body’s own cells.

  • -cytosis: Refers to an abnormal increase in the number of cells.

    • Leukocytosis: An abnormal increase in white blood cells.

Hypersensitivity

  • Hypersensitivity: An exaggerated immune response to a foreign substance.
    • Hypersensitivity reaction: Immune responses that result in damage to tissues, ranging from mild to severe (e.g., anaphylaxis).

Adaptive Immunity

  • Adaptive immunity is a specific defense mechanism that targets particular pathogens.
  • It has two main arms:
    • Cell-mediated immunity (T cells) directly attacks foreign invaders.
    • Humoral immunity (B cells) utilizes antibodies to neutralize pathogens.
  • Hem/o, Hemat/o: Refers to blood (e.g., hemopathy: any blood disease).
  • Erythr/o: Refers to red (e.g., erythropoiesis: the production of red blood cells).
  • Thromb/o: Refers to clot (e.g., thrombosis: the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel).
  • Leuk/o: Refers to white (e.g., leukocytosis: an increase in the number of white blood cells).

Medical Terminology Related to Blood & Immunity

  • Hematocrit: Represents the percentage of red blood cells in the blood volume.
  • Hemostasis: The process of stopping bleeding, including blood clot formation.
  • Immun/o: Denotes immunity and immune systems.
  • Immunization: Process of inducing immunity to a disease, often through vaccination.
  • Immunoglobulin (Ig): Antibody proteins produced by B cells that provide protection against infections.
  • Antigen: Any substance that triggers an immune response.
  • Antibody (Immunoglobulin): Proteins produced by B cells to neutralize pathogens like bacteria and viruses.
  • Neutropenia: A decrease in neutrophils, a type of white blood cell, leading to increased infection vulnerability.
  • Eosinophil: A type of white blood cell involved in allergic reactions and fighting parasitic infections.
  • Lymphocyte: A type of white blood cell crucial for immune responses.
  • Anemia: Deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, causing reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood.
  • Leukemia: Cancer involving overproduction of white blood cells.
  • Autoimmune Diseases: Occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells.
  • Immunodeficiency Disorders: Characterized by a weakened immune system, such as in HIV infection.

Medical Terminology Suffixes and Prefixes

  • -phylaxis: Refers to protection or prevention.
    • Prophylaxis: Treatment or action taken to prevent disease.
    • Anaphylaxis: A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction.
  • Lymph/o: Relates to lymph or the lymphatic system.
    • Lymphocyte: A type of white blood cell involved in immune response.
    • Lymphadenopathy: Disease affecting the lymph nodes.
  • -globulin: Refers to proteins involved in immune response.
    • Immunoglobulin: Antibodies critical in immune response.
    • Gamma globulin: Substance containing antibodies given for passive immunity.
  • Auto-: Prefix meaning "self".
    • Autoimmune: When the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.
    • Autoantibodies: Antibodies produced by the immune system that attack the body's own cells.
  • -cytosis: Refers to an abnormal increase in the number of cells.
    • Leukocytosis: An abnormal increase in white blood cells.

Hypersensitivity

  • An exaggerated immune response to a foreign substance.
  • Hypersensitivity reactions can cause tissue damage, ranging from mild to severe (e.g., anaphylaxis).

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Test your knowledge on the components of adaptive immunity, including T cells and B cells, along with important medical terminology related to blood and immunity. This quiz covers definitions and functions essential for understanding the immune system.

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