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Questions and Answers
What is another term for difficult labor?
Which area of complications during labor involves the force of the uterus propelling the fetus?
What kind of contractions are characterized by excessive uterine activity and inadequate uterine relaxation?
In which type of contractions do the contractions stop, rest, or become less frequent, leading to a slow or arrested labor?
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What do uncoordinated contractions during labor refer to?
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Which medication is commonly used to induce or augment labor by increasing the frequency and intensity of contractions?
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What characterizes hypertonic contractions during the first stage of labor?
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In which phase of labor does hypotonic contractions occur if the cervix is not ripe at the beginning of labor?
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What intervention may be administered to stop the lengthy latent phase in a pregnant woman?
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What is a potential cause of protracted active phase during labor?
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When may oxytocin medication be administered during labor?
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How can uncoordinated contractions be described during labor?
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What type of contractions occur when the uterus doesn't relax properly between contractions?
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What type of contractions occur when the uterus doesn't contract strongly enough to dilate the cervix?
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What is the main difference between hypertonic and hypotonic contractions?
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What type of contractions occur when the uterus contracts in an uncoordinated or unorganized manner?
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What medication is commonly used to augment labor in cases of hypotonic contractions?
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What type of contractions can be caused by overstimulation of the uterus from oxytocin medication?
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Study Notes
Labor and Associated Stages
- Labor is divided into 3 stages:
- First stage (Cervical Dilatation Stage): begins with true labor contractions and ends with complete dilatation of the cervix, consisting of 3 phases: latent, active, and transition.
- Second Stage of Labor (Expulsive Stage): begins when cervical dilatation is complete and ends with birth of the baby.
- Third Stage of Labor (Placental Stage)
Complications of Labor
- Dysfunctional labor, also known as Dystocia, can occur due to complications in 4 areas:
- Power (problems with the force of the uterus propelling the fetus)
- Passenger (problems with the fetus)
- Passageway (problems with the birth canal)
- Psychologic (emotional and psychological issues)
Dysfunctional Labor at the First Stage
- Prolonged latent phase:
- Lasts longer than 20 hours in a nullipara (first-time mother) or 14 hours in a multipara (mother who has given birth before)
- May occur if the cervix is not ripe or ready at the beginning of labor
- Characterized by inadequate relaxation between contractions and mild contractions (less than 15 mmHg)
- Average time of latent phase: 18 hours for nulliparas and 12 hours for multiparas
- Interventions such as CS, amniotomy, or oxytocin administration may be necessary to assist in stopping the prolonged latent phase
Protracted Active Phase
- Usually associated with fetal malposition or cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)
- Cervical dilatation does not occur at a rate of at least 1.2 cm/hr in a nullipara or 1.5 cm/hr in a multipara
- Active phase lasts longer than 12 hours in a primigravida or 6 hours in a multigravida
- If no malpresentation or CPD is present, CS may not be necessary
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Description
Test your knowledge on problems or complications that may arise during the three stages of labor. This quiz covers the first stage (Cervical Dilatation Stage), second stage (Stage of Expulsion/Expulsive Stage), and third stage of labor.
