Comparison of Upper and Lower Limb Joints
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Questions and Answers

What is the proximal part of each limb called that attaches it to the trunk?

  • Distal segment
  • Middle segment
  • Limb girdle (correct)
  • Free portion
  • Which of the following is the correct terminology for the first digit in the hand?

  • Thumb (correct)
  • Forefinger
  • Great toe
  • Index finger
  • In the anatomical comparison, which term is used for the analogous part of the foot corresponding to the carpus in the hand?

  • Tarsus (correct)
  • Heel
  • Metatarsus
  • Toes
  • What are the segments referred to in both the upper and lower limbs?

    <p>Proximal, middle, distal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint allows for the articulation of the forearm?

    <p>Elbow joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint corresponds with the ankle in the upper limb counterpart?

    <p>Wrist joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the upper and lower limb buds develop in terms of rotation?

    <p>90° lateral for the upper limb and 90° medial for the lower limb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which digit is considered the first in the foot?

    <p>Big toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of surface is the costal surface of the scapula?

    <p>Concave and directed medially and forwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily associated with the costal surface of the scapula?

    <p>Subscapularis muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature separates the dorsal surface of the scapula into two fossae?

    <p>Spinous process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which borders are found on the body of the scapula?

    <p>Superior, lateral, and medial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification do some authorities give the parts of the scapula?

    <p>Head, neck, and body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the serratus anterior muscle in relation to the scapula?

    <p>Stabilization of the shoulder blade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which angle is not part of the scapula?

    <p>Medial angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical characteristic of the scapula's body?

    <p>Triangular, thin, and transparent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature is associated with the rough impression for the costoclavicular ligament?

    <p>Sternal end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle has a groove on the clavicle that accommodates it?

    <p>Subclavius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the trapezoid ridge located on the clavicle?

    <p>Inferior aspect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is situated inferiorly to the acromioclavicular joint on the clavicular diagram?

    <p>Trapezius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is indicated as providing a surface for the acromion?

    <p>Capsule of acromioclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles does NOT directly attach to the clavicle?

    <p>Latissimus dorsi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of the clavicle features the medial and lateral grooves for muscle attachments?

    <p>Inferior aspect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is primarily associated with the capsule of the sternoclavicular joint?

    <p>Pectoralis major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is unique to the clavicle compared to other long bones?

    <p>It ossifies by two primary centers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with which structure?

    <p>Medial margin of the acromion process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the clavicle typically complete its ossification?

    <p>25 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape is the enlarged medial end of the clavicle?

    <p>Saddle-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the clavicle be held to determine the side?

    <p>Horizontally with the flattened end on the lateral side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is formed at the medial end of the clavicle?

    <p>Saddle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the convexity in the medial two-thirds of the clavicle?

    <p>Forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve may pierce through the clavicle?

    <p>Intermediate supraclavicular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is inserted into the subclavian groove of the clavicle?

    <p>Subclavius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is located at the junction of the lateral one-fourth and medial three-fourths of the clavicle?

    <p>Conoid tubercle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles provides attachment to the posterior border of the clavicle?

    <p>Trapezius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary shape of the medial two-thirds of the clavicle?

    <p>Cylindrical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament attaches to the clavicle and aids in its stabilization?

    <p>Coracoclavicular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Upper and Lower Limb Structure

    • Both upper and lower limbs consist of two portions: proximal (attached to the trunk) and distal (free).
    • Proximal portion is known as the limb girdle, while the distal portion includes segments: proximal, middle, and distal.
    • Proximal parts form the shoulder (upper limb) and hip (lower limb) joints.
    • Each limb's distal segments comprise carpal/metacarpal (hand) and tarsal/metatarsal (foot) structures.

    Limb Development

    • The upper limb bud undergoes 90° lateral rotation, while the lower limb bud rotates 90° medially.

    Scapula Features

    • The scapula, or shoulder blade, is a large, triangular bone located on the posterolateral aspect of the thorax.
    • Concave costal surface faces medially and forwards, housing attachment points for muscles like subscapularis and serratus anterior.
    • Dorsal surface is convex, featuring a spinous process that divides it into supraspinous and infraspinous fossae.
    • The scapula is mobile, consisting of a body and three processes: spinous, acromion, and coracoid.

    Clavicle Anatomy

    • Composed of three parts: two ends (medial and lateral) and a shaft.
    • Lateral end (acromial end) articulates with the acromion to form the acromioclavicular joint.
    • Medial end (sternal end) is enlarged, articulating with the manubrium sterni to form the sternoclavicular joint.
    • Provides attachment for important muscles and ligaments, including pectoralis major, trapezius, and various connective tissues.

    Clavicular Features

    • The lateral end features a conoid tubercle near the posterior border, providing attachment for conoid and trapezoid ligaments.
    • The anterior border is concave, giving rise to the deltoid muscle.
    • Central cylindrical portion contains anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior surfaces for additional muscle attachments.

    Ossification Characteristics

    • The scapula is the first bone to begin ossifying around 5-6 weeks of intrauterine life and the last to complete ossification (at 25 years).
    • Unique among long bones, it ossifies by two primary centers and occurs within a membranous structure, differing from typical cartilage ossification pathways.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the anatomical comparison and contrast between the joints of the upper and lower limbs, including the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee joints. It aims to enhance your understanding of how these joints function in relation to their respective limbs.

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