Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between a qualitative variable and a quantitative variable?
Quantitative variables can be counted, while qualitative variables do not have numerical values.
How does personal experience influence bias in research according to the text?
Personal experience can lead to bias, affecting objectivity in research.
What is a common characteristic of common sense in research as described in the text?
Common sense can sometimes be misleading in research.
When is random sampling typically used?
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What is involved in a survey research project based on the text?
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How do sociologists typically work with existing information in a research project?
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What was a major ethical concern raised by the Stanford Prison Experiment?
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What is one of the key principles outlined in the Nuremberg Code?
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Which step in the Sociological Research Formula involves analyzing the collected data?
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What does the concept of 'Hypotheses' in social research refer to?
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Which term refers to the degree to which concepts and their measurements accurately represent what they claim to represent?
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What does 'Value Neutrality' in research mean?
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Study Notes
Variables in Research
- A qualitative variable is a characteristic or attribute that cannot be measured numerically, whereas a quantitative variable is a characteristic that can be measured numerically.
Personal Experience and Bias in Research
- Personal experience can influence bias in research by shaping one's perspectives and assumptions, leading to potential flaws in the research design.
Common Sense in Research
- A common characteristic of common sense in research is that it is often based on untested assumptions and lacks empirical evidence.
Sampling Methods
- Random sampling is typically used when it is necessary to generalize the findings to a larger population.
Survey Research
- A survey research project involves collecting data through self-reporting, where participants respond to a series of questions, either orally or in writing.
Working with Existing Information
- Sociologists typically work with existing information by analyzing and interpreting existing data, such as census data or historical records.
Ethical Concerns in Research
- The Stanford Prison Experiment raised a major ethical concern regarding the potential harm and psychological distress caused to participants.
Nuremberg Code
- One of the key principles outlined in the Nuremberg Code is the requirement of informed consent, which ensures that participants are fully aware of the potential risks and benefits of the research.
Sociological Research Formula
- The step in the Sociological Research Formula that involves analyzing the collected data is Data Analysis.
Hypotheses in Social Research
- The concept of 'Hypotheses' in social research refers to a proposed explanation for a phenomenon that can be tested through systematic observation and data collection.
Measurement and Validity
- The term that refers to the degree to which concepts and their measurements accurately represent what they claim to represent is Validity.
Value Neutrality in Research
- Value Neutrality in research means that researchers aim to remain impartial and unbiased in their investigation, avoiding the influence of personal values and beliefs on the research outcome.
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