Community Pharmacy OSCES Passive Quiz

A community pharmacist acts as a vital healthcare professional, processing prescriptions, providing patients with medication knowledge, and promoting health.

The clinical duties of a pharmacist include medication therapy management, drug compounding, symptom relief advice, and patient health monitoring.

Pharmacists manage pharmacy operations, finances, inventory, insurance claims, and administrative tasks.

The initial step where patients present their prescriptions for filling, and the pharmacist verifies information and availability.

The process of recording prescription details into the pharmacy system, updating patient profiles.

A pharmacist actively manages a patient's medication regimen to ensure safety and effectiveness.

The process of preparing medications in non-sterile forms and doses.

The process of reviewing and approving insurance claims for prescription costs.

The pharmacy area where prescriptions are filled, including counting medication and preparing for release.

National Drug Code; a unique identification number for medications.

The pharmacist's process of reviewing the prescription against the original for accuracy and checking medications.

Pharmacy area where patients pick up their prescriptions and cashier processes the transaction.

Private area for pharmacist-patient counseling about new prescriptions and over-the-counter products.

Information provided by the patient, based on their experience or perception.

Information that is verifiable and not based on the patient's feelings or subjective opinions.

A process of gathering information about a patient's medical history, current condition, and medications.

Details about the medication, dosage, quantity, refills, and directions.

Drugs that have potential for abuse or addiction.

Electronic prescriptions sent directly to the pharmacy.

Checking the prescription's accuracy and verifying all details are correct.

Codes that indicate directions on how to take a medicine, like the frequency and dose.

The process of carefully examining a new prescription.

The main reason the patient is seeking care, usually expressed in their own words.

A detailed story about the patient's current complaint, providing context and background.

A list of previously diagnosed medical conditions the patient has experienced.

Information about the patient's lifestyle, including habits, work, and social factors.

Information about medical conditions in the patient's immediate family members.

A complete list of all medications the patient is taking or has taken, including prescriptions, over-the-counter drugs, and supplements.

The reason why a specific medication is prescribed, or what it treats.

The amount of medication taken at each administration and when it is taken.

A technique where the patient summarizes information back to the pharmacist to ensure understanding.

A question that cannot be answered with a simple 'yes' or 'no,' encouraging a detailed response.

A question that can be answered with a simple 'yes' or 'no,' used to gather specific information.

The ability to understand and use health information to make informed decisions about your health.

Negative effects of not understanding health information, including misuse of healthcare, longer hospital stays, and poor health outcomes.

Measures of adult literacy in the U.S., ranging from 'Below Basic' to 'Proficient,' reflecting different levels of reading, writing, and math skills.

Basic, Scientific, Cultural, and Civic - encompassing different aspects of understanding health information and services.

A communication technique where the patient explains information back in their own words, ensuring understanding and addressing misunderstandings.

A framework that explains how individual beliefs influence their health behaviors, including perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits of action, and barriers.

Preventable differences in health outcomes experienced by socially disadvantaged groups, often resulting from inequities in social determinants of health.

Factors that influence health outcomes, often stemming from social, economic, and environmental conditions.

A social determinant encompassing poverty, employment, food security, and housing stability.

A social determinant focusing on early childhood education, high school graduation rates, and higher education opportunities.

A social determinant encompassing the availability of affordable and culturally sensitive healthcare services.

A social determinant that includes access to safe housing, transportation, healthy food options, and clean air and water.

A social determinant that encompasses social support networks, civic participation, discrimination, and community safety.

The ability to provide care that respects cultural differences and values.

Understanding the perspectives, values, traditions, and practices of diverse cultures.

Acquiring skills to deliver culturally sensitive healthcare.

Examining one's own biases and how they might affect patient care.

Developing effective communication strategies that respect cultural differences.

Supporting patients' needs and empowering them to make informed decisions.

An automated process where software reviews prescription claims for accuracy and eligibility, then determines the payment amount.

Possible results for a prescription claim after adjudication, including acceptance, denial (or declination), or partial approval.

A unique number identifying an insured individual on their insurance card.

The Bank Identification Number on an insurance card, directing a claim to the correct insurance provider.

The Processor Control Number on an insurance card, narrowing a claim to the specific insurance plan.

The employer plan associated with an insurance card, identifying the group that pays for the insurance.

A Medicare plan covering prescription items not usually covered by other Medicare parts, often called the "Red, White, and Blue Card."

A list of medications covered by a specific health insurance plan, often organized into tiers based on cost and coverage.

Approval required from the health plan before certain medications or services are covered, often needed for medications above tier 2 on the formulary.

The maximum quantity of a specific medication that an insurance plan will cover within a certain period.

Standardized codes used to communicate reasons for prescription claim rejections.

Occurs when the pharmacy is not contracted with the insurance company or when trying to fill a specialty drug at a non-specialty pharmacy.

A provision in an insurance policy that eliminates coverage for certain medications or classes of medications, often because the drug is not on the formulary.

Indicates that a prior authorization from the insurance company is needed before the medication can be filled.

Occurs when the prescription's days' supply or quantity exceeds the maximum allowed by the insurance plan.

Medications with a higher potential for adverse effects, like chemotherapy drugs. These require careful monitoring and management.

Adjusting medication doses based on a child's age, weight, and other factors to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Guidelines identifying medications that may be inappropriate for older adults due to potential risks or interactions.

Warning triggered by the pharmacy system indicating a potential problem with a prescription, such as an allergy or drug interaction.

A process where a prescriber needs approval from an insurance company before a medication can be dispensed.

A process that checks for potential drug interactions, allergies, and other issues before dispensing medications.

Measurements of the body's basic functions, including temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and height/weight.

Typical ranges for vital signs based on general population data.

Individual's typical vital sign ranges based on their health history and goals.

Elevated blood pressure readings caused by anxiety and stress in a medical setting.

Questions that encourage patients to provide detailed information and explanations.

Device used to measure blood pressure, consisting of a bladder, pressure gauge, and tubes.

Medical instrument used to listen to sounds inside the body, including heart and lung sounds.

The top number in a blood pressure reading, representing the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats.

The bottom number in a blood pressure reading, representing the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats.

The number of times your heart beats per minute, typically measured at your wrist.

A healthy range of heartbeats per minute, between 60 and 100 beats.

A fast heart rate, above 100 beats per minute.

A slow heart rate, under 60 beats per minute.

The number of breaths you take per minute.

A healthy breathing rate, between 12 and 16 breaths per minute.

Rapid, shallow breathing, more than 16 breaths per minute.

Abnormally slow breathing, less than 12 breaths per minute.

A measure of body fat based on your height and weight.

High blood pressure, consistently elevated pressure in the arteries.

Serious health problems that can occur if high blood pressure isn't managed, such as heart attack and stroke.

Healthy blood pressure, below 120/80 mmHg.

Elevated blood pressure, between 130-139 systolic or 80-89 diastolic.

High blood pressure, 140 or higher systolic or 90 or higher diastolic.

The initial medications recommended to lower blood pressure, often ACE inhibitors, ARBs, thiazide diuretics, or calcium channel blockers.

An umbrella term for abnormal lipid levels in the blood, encompassing both high and low levels of cholesterol and other fats.

Specifically refers to elevated cholesterol levels in the blood, often associated with a higher risk of heart disease.

A buildup of plaque within the arteries, narrowing them and potentially leading to heart attacks or strokes.

A blood test that measures different types of lipids, including total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides.

Low-density lipoprotein, often referred to as 'bad cholesterol,' contributes to plaque buildup and heart disease.

High-density lipoprotein known as 'good cholesterol,' helps remove LDL from the bloodstream, reducing heart disease risk.

A type of fat found in the blood, elevated levels can increase the risk of heart disease.

A calculated value representing LDL plus triglycerides, provides a more accurate estimate of heart disease risk.

A mathematical formula used to estimate LDL cholesterol when only total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides are known.

Less than 200 mg/dL.

Less than 100 mg/dL, ideally less than 70 mg/dL.

Less than 150 mg/dL.

Men: Greater than 40 mg/dL, Women: Greater than 50 mg/dL.

Measures taken to prevent the onset of a disease or condition in individuals with risk factors but no history of the disease.

Measures taken to prevent future events in individuals who have already experienced a disease or condition.

Atrial fibrillation, a heart rhythm disorder where the upper chambers of the heart beat irregularly and rapidly.

A significant complication of AFib, where blood clots form in the heart and can travel to the brain, causing a stroke.

A tool used to assess stroke risk in patients with AFib, considering factors like heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, etc.

Treatment to prevent blood clots from forming, often used for patients with AFib to reduce stroke risk.

The desired INR range for patients with AFib is typically 2-3, balancing stroke risk and bleeding risk.

Pharmacists play a key role in managing anticoagulation therapy, monitoring INR levels and educating patients.

Asthma affects a significant portion of the population, with a higher prevalence among certain groups like Black Americans and Puerto Rican Americans.

Factors that worsen symptoms, including allergens, irritants, medications, infections, exercise, stress, etc.

Characterized by coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath, often worse at night.

Sudden worsening of symptoms, requiring immediate treatment; severe attacks can be life-threatening.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, a group of lung diseases that cause airflow obstruction and breathing problems.

COPD affects millions worldwide, with smoking being the primary cause for 90% of cases.

Progressive shortness of breath, frequent coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, fatigue, and weight loss.

A comprehensive assessment of respiratory health to identify potential abnormalities, typically conducted by healthcare professionals.

A sign of respiratory distress, commonly seen in COPD or difficulty exhaling.

Using abdominal muscles and sternocleidomastoid for breathing, indicating acute respiratory distress.

A sign of airway obstruction, often seen in asthma, croup, and pneumonia.

Suggests respiratory issues related to heart failure.

Feeling the chest to assess lung expansion symmetry.

Tapping on the chest to evaluate lung tissue resonance.

Listening to breath sounds using a stethoscope.

Discontinuous popping sounds heard during inspiration, indicating fluid in the lungs.

Continuous whistling sounds due to narrowed airways.

Low-pitched wheezing, often due to mucus buildup in the airways.

Creaking or grating sounds due to inflamed pleural surfaces.

A pulmonary function test measuring lung capacity and airflow.

The amount of air forcefully exhaled in one second, indicating how quickly the lungs empty.

Measures the maximum airflow rate during forceful exhalation, assessing lung function severity.

Measures oxygen saturation in the blood using light.

Explaining potential side effects of medications to patients, such as the increased heart rate that can occur with albuterol.

Checking patients' medication profiles for potential harmful interactions between different drugs.

Educating patients on medications that can worsen respiratory conditions, like opioids' impact on breathing.

Promoting and administering recommended vaccines to reduce the risk of respiratory infections in patients.

Encouraging and assisting patients in quitting smoking through counseling and medication.

A medication-related factor that can contribute to poor medication adherence in respiratory patients.

A medication-related factor that may make it harder for patients to take their respiratory medications consistently.

A patient-related factor where patients forget to take their medications, leading to poor adherence.

Adults with COPD or asthma have a higher risk of complications from infections, making vaccinations crucial.

An annual vaccination recommended for adults with COPD or asthma to prevent complications from influenza.

Vaccination recommended for children and adults 65 years and older to help prevent pneumococcal infections.

Pharmacists employ motivational counseling techniques to encourage and support patients in quitting smoking.

A medication used to help people quit smoking by reducing nicotine cravings.

Up to 80% of patients use inhalers incorrectly, reducing effectiveness and leading to health risks.

Metered Dose Inhalers are portable, multi-dose, and can be used with or without a spacer, making them versatile.

A device that delivers medication as a fine powder, inhaled directly into the lungs.

A type of DPI with a sliding cover that releases medication with each push of the lever.

A DPI that uses capsules for medication delivery, requiring a piercing mechanism to release the powder.

A DPI with a twisting cap that loads a dose, releasing medication upon inhalation.

A single-dose, disposable inhaler that delivers medication using a forceful inhalation to activate release.

A DPI with a sliding cover to access the mouthpiece and a dose counter to track remaining doses.

A newer inhaler type that delivers medication as a fine mist, replacing older CFC-based MDIs.

A specific SMI with a spring mechanism for medication aerosolization, requiring priming before first use.

A device that converts liquid medication into a fine mist for inhalation, ideal for patients who cannot use inhalers.

Devices attached to MDIs or DPIs, allowing patients to inhale medication slowly and deeply.

A measure of the percentage of medication particles that are small enough to reach the deep airways in the lungs.

Side effects of medications that affect the mouth or digestive system, often occurring with inhalers.

The ability to synchronize the actuation of an inhaler with the inhalation of medication for maximum effectiveness.

The formation of clumps in powdered medication due to exposure to moisture, hindering proper delivery.

A feature on inhalers that displays the number of doses remaining, helping track medication usage.