Community Pharmacy OSCES Passive Quiz
155 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is one of the primary clinical responsibilities of a community pharmacist?

  • Scheduling pharmacy personnel
  • Providing immunizations (correct)
  • Balancing profit and loss sheets
  • Compounding sterile drug products

    • Which of the following is NOT typically a responsibility of community pharmacists?

  • Monitoring patients' health
  • Performing major surgeries (correct)
  • Evaluating patients for self-care
  • Dispensing medication

    • During which step of the prescription process is patient information verified?

  • Prescription Entry
  • Patient Consultation
  • Final Dispensing
  • Drop-off Window (correct)

    • What business-related responsibility involves interacting with insurance companies?

    <p>Prescription adjudication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an essential aspect of medication therapy management services?

    <p>Monitoring medication use to reduce adverse side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of community pharmacists in health and wellness promotion?

    <p>Providing education and immunizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which task is typically performed by community pharmacists to ensure operational efficiency?

    <p>Engaging in Continuous Quality Improvement Programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the ways community pharmacists serve as drug information resources?

    <p>Educating the public on medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the pharmacist during the verification process?

    <p>Recalculating dosages and checking the NDC number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically included when receiving a new prescription?

    <p>Pharmacy sales report</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the SIG code in a prescription help pharmacists interpret?

    <p>Directions for medication use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following personnel is NOT typically found in a community pharmacy?

    <p>Marketing Specialist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional information is required for controlled substance prescriptions?

    <p>Prescriber’s DEA number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do pharmacies typically verify a patient's identity at the pickup window?

    <p>By checking their insurance card</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do health educators play in community pharmacies?

    <p>Provide patients with medication and health information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What step is crucial when inputting a prescription to ensure patient safety?

    <p>Verifying the prescription for accuracy and completeness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information is considered subjective during a patient interview?

    <p>Side effects experienced from a medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of submission for prescriptions at community pharmacies?

    <p>In-person appointments only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the consultation window in a pharmacy?

    <p>To provide private counseling to patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one main benefit of utilizing technology such as barcoding in the filling process?

    <p>To enhance accuracy in medication dispensing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what order should the three steps of a patient interview be conducted?

    <p>Setting the stage, Collecting information, Closing the interview</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be collected as part of a patient's medication history?

    <p>Indication for use, dose, and duration of use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the sections of an interview collection form?

    <p>Psychological Assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should empathy be demonstrated during patient interactions?

    <p>By utilizing reflective language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of low health literacy?

    <p>Inappropriate use of emergency services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method should be employed to verify the accuracy of collected patient information?

    <p>Utilizing a flipped teach-back approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level on the National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) indicates an ability to summarize text and perform calculations?

    <p>Level 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the main focus when asking open-ended questions to patients?

    <p>To gather detailed insights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cultural domain of health literacy acknowledge?

    <p>The impact of individual beliefs and customs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for inadequate health literacy?

    <p>High socioeconomic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of collecting a patient's social history?

    <p>To gain insight into lifestyle factors that affect health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of questions should be used strategically to collect specific data from patients?

    <p>Closed-ended questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the teach-back method?

    <p>To assess and confirm patient understanding of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options best represents the chief complaint?

    <p>The primary reason a patient seeks care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the Health Belief Model?

    <p>Perceived importance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication history component is NOT typically assessed?

    <p>Socioeconomic status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Culturally appropriate health education materials should aim for which reading level?

    <p>5th-grade reading level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes health disparities?

    <p>Preventable differences in health outcomes among groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do pharmacists play in addressing health disparities?

    <p>Educating patients on medication use and disease management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is effective for ensuring patient understanding?

    <p>Employing teach-back and repetition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social determinants of health include which of the following factors?

    <p>Economic stability and education access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Health equity implies that individuals should have what kind of opportunity?

    <p>Fair and just opportunities to achieve their full health potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population is likely to experience higher prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension?

    <p>Non-Hispanic Black populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for fostering trust in patient-provider communication?

    <p>Respecting patient belief systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors can influence healthcare access and quality?

    <p>Healthcare service availability and affordability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a strategy for effective cross-cultural communication?

    <p>Employing licensed interpreters when necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should written educational materials be designed for a diverse audience?

    <p>Incorporating culturally appropriate images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of auto-adjudication in claims processing?

    <p>To electronically review claims for errors and eligibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element on the prescription insurance card helps route a claim to the correct insurance?

    <p>Rx BIN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome of claims adjudication?

    <p>Under Review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of items does Medicare Part B cover?

    <p>Items not covered under other parts of Medicare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following NCPDP reject codes indicates that a medication is not covered due to a plan exclusion?

    <p>70</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 'Prior Authorization Required' rejection indicate?

    <p>Approval from the health plan is needed before coverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does reject code 79 signify?

    <p>Patient is trying to refill too soon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can pharmacist override a DUR rejection?

    <p>Based on a thorough review of the patient's profile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason for issuing a clinical alert in pharmacy management systems?

    <p>Medication has a potential drug-drug interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 'Plan Limitations Exceeded' rejection code indicate?

    <p>Daily medication supply exceeds prescribed limit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients ensure to present when filling a prescription?

    <p>Prescription insurance card</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following could signal a possible duplicate therapy alert?

    <p>Two different medications from the same therapeutic class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following steps comes first in the prescription pathway process?

    <p>Drop off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by reject code 88?

    <p>Potential drug interactions need review</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal pulse rate range for adults?

    <p>60-100 beats per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes abnormally slow breathing?

    <p>Bradypnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for calculating Body Mass Index (BMI)?

    <p>Weight (kg) / Height (m)^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sites is considered the least reliable for measuring temperature?

    <p>Axillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification of hypertension includes systolic blood pressure of 130-139 or diastolic of 80-89?

    <p>Stage 1 Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is NOT associated with uncontrolled hypertension?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication classes are considered first-line treatments for hypertension according to AHA/ACC 2017 guidelines?

    <p>ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Thiazide diuretics, CCBs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum recommended blood pressure target for most patients with diabetes according to ADA guidelines?

    <p>&lt; 130/80</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should pulse and respiratory rates be ideally obtained?

    <p>Simultaneously while observing the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common strategy pharmacists can use to improve medication adherence?

    <p>Provide clear instructions and reminders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an effect of uncontrolled hypertension?

    <p>Heart attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tachycardia defined as?

    <p>A pulse rate above 100 beats per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about temperature measurement is accurate?

    <p>Oral measurements are unreliable after consuming hot or cold substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is dyslipidemia characterized by?

    <p>Abnormal lipid levels in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is total cholesterol classified as high?

    <p>Above 200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the desirable level for LDL cholesterol according to lipid level classification?

    <p>&lt; 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population would benefit the most from statin therapy?

    <p>Individuals with diabetes and LDL between 70 and 189</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum triglyceride level for the Friedewald equation to be accurate?

    <p>&lt; 400</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of secondary prevention in cardiovascular health?

    <p>To prevent future events in individuals with a history of CVD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is ASCVD risk categorized when assessing a patient's 10-year risk?

    <p>Intermediate risk: 7.5% - 19.9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the desired HDL cholesterol level for men?

    <blockquote> <p>40</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a BNP level greater than 400 indicate?

    <p>Likely heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biomarker is released by cardiac cells in response to increased heart volume or pressure?

    <p>BNP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does pitting edema play in heart failure diagnosis?

    <p>Reflects fluid buildup due to heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of the NYHA classification denotes no symptoms even with physical exertion?

    <p>Class I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the ACC/AHA classification system for heart failure?

    <p>Stage of heart failure progression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1) during spirometry?

    <p>To evaluate how quickly lungs empty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following findings during auscultation is associated with fluid in the lungs?

    <p>Fine Crackles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a dull sound during percussion of the chest likely indicate?

    <p>Fluid or solid tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which respiratory condition is most commonly associated with wheezing during expiration?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Tiffeneau-Pinelli Index (FEV1/FVC) help determine?

    <p>Specific types of lung diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the use of accessory muscles for breathing?

    <p>Acute respiratory distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common purpose of a peak flow meter?

    <p>To monitor changes in lung function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might the presence of jugular venous distension (JVD) suggest?

    <p>Congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents an indication of normal oxygen saturation levels?

    <p>95-100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is important for ensuring proper inhaler use among patients?

    <p>Providing inhaler technique education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of breath sound is often described as snoring or gurgling?

    <p>Rhonchi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of peak flow monitoring in asthma management?

    <p>Detects airway narrowing before symptoms become noticeable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a normal auscultation finding recorded as CTAB?

    <p>Lungs clear to auscultation bilaterally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Beers criteria specifically focus on?

    <p>Potentially inappropriate medications for older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vital sign is associated with systolic and diastolic pressure?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information should be assessed before measuring a patient's blood pressure?

    <p>Recent exercise and medication use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When taking blood pressure, which position should the patient's arm be in?

    <p>At heart level with support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a prescription alert coded 'Clinical Alert Allergy (Codeine)' indicate?

    <p>The patient has a documented allergy to codeine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What steps should be taken if abnormal vital signs are noted?

    <p>Recheck and investigate further</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant aspect of patient communication regarding clinical alerts?

    <p>Use clear and understandable language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended bladder length for a blood pressure cuff?

    <p>Encircles approximately 80% of the arm circumference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood pressure cuff rises as pressure increases?

    <p>Mercury cuff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an important factor before measuring blood pressure?

    <p>Duration of recent exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equipment should be checked for accuracy before measuring blood pressure?

    <p>Manual blood pressure cuff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct response when systolic pressure is first heard during blood pressure measurement?

    <p>Systolic pressure reading is recorded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of manual blood pressure assessment?

    <p>To provide a precise measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In blood pressure measurement, what is 'white coat syndrome'?

    <p>High readings due to anxiety in medical settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable advantage of using a Diskus inhaler?

    <p>No coordination needed between actuation and inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of Soft Mist Inhalers (SMIs)?

    <p>They provide a high fine particle fraction for better lung deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inhaler requires coordination between actuation and inhalation?

    <p>Respimat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following steps is included in using the HandiHaler?

    <p>Press the green button to pierce the capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential disadvantage of the RespiClick inhaler?

    <p>It requires a forceful inhalation to activate medication delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of the Ellipta inhaler?

    <p>Has a built-in dose counter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inhaler does not require washing or rinsing after use?

    <p>Diskus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of nebulizers?

    <p>They are effective for delivering medication to lower airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one important step in the use of the Twisthaler inhaler?

    <p>Twist the cap off to load a dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs immediately after inserting the cartridge into a Respimat inhaler?

    <p>The base is twisted and capped to prepare for inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a patient do after using their Diskus inhaler?

    <p>Rinse their mouth with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inhaler utilizes capsules containing medication?

    <p>HandiHaler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if humidity affects the use of powdered inhalers?

    <p>They may experience clumping which affects delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens after inhalation of medication from the Respimat inhaler?

    <p>A breath-holding is required for medication absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor associated with atrial fibrillation (AFib)?

    <p>Previous heart attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is specifically used to monitor intermittent AFib over an extended period?

    <p>Holter monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a higher CHADS2-VASc score indicate for patients with AFib?

    <p>Increased need for anticoagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical INR goal for patients with AFib receiving warfarin therapy?

    <p>2 - 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT commonly influence INR levels in patients taking warfarin?

    <p>Dietary fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes asthma compared to other respiratory conditions?

    <p>Airway constriction caused by triggers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of patients with asthma usually report nocturnal symptoms?

    <p>20-30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most commonly affected by asthma?

    <p>Children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major contributing factor to the development of COPD?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the severity of an asthma attack typically characterized?

    <p>Requirement of immediate treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT represent a symptom of COPD?

    <p>Elevated energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do pharmacists play in managing patients on anticoagulation therapy?

    <p>Educate patients about warfarin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a respiratory examination?

    <p>To evaluate respiratory health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant complication of atrial fibrillation?

    <p>Increased stroke risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of improper inhaler technique in patients?

    <p>Increased risk of missed work or school</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a medication-related factor that contributes to poor medication adherence?

    <p>Forgetfulness in taking medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is NOT typically used as a pharmacotherapy option for smoking cessation?

    <p>Albuterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organization recommends annual influenza vaccinations for adults with COPD or asthma?

    <p>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following inhalers requires coordination of actuation and inhalation?

    <p>Metered dose inhalers (MDIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using spacers with metered dose inhalers?

    <p>To facilitate easier inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the days' supply calculated for an inhaler with 200 puffs if the prescription is for two puffs twice daily as needed?

    <p>50-day supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended step in cleaning a metered dose inhaler (MDI)?

    <p>Rinse with warm water for 30 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes medications that can exacerbate respiratory distress, like opioids?

    <p>Disease-drug interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which step of using a metered dose inhaler should the patient hold their breath?

    <p>After inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of metered dose inhalers (MDIs)?

    <p>They can be used with or without a spacer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended vaccination for adults aged 65 years and older?

    <p>Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pharmacists in the management of smoking cessation?

    <p>To employ techniques to encourage quitting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Community Pharmacy

    • Historical Role: Community pharmacists initially served as healthcare's first point of contact, acting as chemists, doctors, and counselors.
    • Modern Role: Today, community pharmacists safely, legally, and ethically process prescriptions, educating patients on medications to improve their health.

    Pharmacist Responsibilities

    • Clinical:
      • Evaluate prescription drug orders and provide medication therapy management.
      • Compound non-sterile drugs on a small scale.
      • Assess patients for self-care needs and recommend appropriate solutions or referrals.
      • Provide drug information to health professionals and the public.
      • Promote health through education, immunizations, and screenings.
      • Dispense medications.
      • Monitor patient health through medication use.
      • Educate patients on medications, both prescription and over-the-counter.
      • Monitor medication usage for adverse reactions.
      • Advise physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals.
      • Offer drug information and immunizations.
    • Business:
      • Manage pharmacy personnel and workflow.
      • Manage finances, including profit and loss.
      • Handle order procurement and inventory.
      • Collaborate with insurance companies for prescription processes and billing.
      • Ensure the availability of necessary supplies (paper, labels, bottles).
      • Participate in continuing education for licensure.
      • Engage in quality reporting and continuous improvement programs.

    Prescription Path

    • Drop-off: Patients present prescriptions; pharmacy staff review for accuracy, availability, and wait times.
    • Entry: Prescription details are entered into the system (may be at the drop-off window or separate).
    • Filling: Staff fill prescriptions, verifying NDC numbers, double-counting controlled substances, documenting counts.
    • Verification: Pharmacist verifies prescription against original, recalculates dosages, visually inspects medications, and checks NDC.
    • Pickup: Cashier verifies patient identity; counseling provided for new prescriptions.
    • Consultation: Private area for counseling on new prescriptions and over-the-counter medication.
    • Telephone: Staff professionally handle inquiries, transfers of prescription requests, and patient/provider questions.

    Pharmacy Personnel

    • Variety: Pharmacists, technicians, interns, staff pharmacists, and pharmacy managers work together.

    Receiving a New Prescription

    • Verification: Patient information, allergies, insurance, and medication stock are verified.
    • Questions: Patients are asked if they have questions.
    • Time Estimate: Patients receive an estimated time for prescription completion.

    Prescription Types

    • Types: Written, faxed, e-prescriptions, phoned-in, and transfers from other pharmacies.

    Inputting a Prescription

    • Technician/Intern: Technicians or interns typically input prescriptions, ensuring accuracy.
    • Critical Step: Crucial for patient safety.

    Prescription Information

    • Requirements: Patient and insurance details, medication details (name, strength, directions, quantity, refills), prescriber information (name, address, NPI, DEA number for controlled substances).

    Controlled Substances

    • Extra Information: Requires prescriber DEA number, quantity written alphabetically and numerically, detailed directions, tamper-resistant prescription pads.

    Reviewing Prescriptions

    • Critical Aspects: Checking patient details, date, medication details, directions, quantity, refills, prescriber signature, name, address, phone number, DAW.

    SIG Codes

    • Use: Pharmacists utilize SIG codes for interpreting prescription directions.

    Health Educators

    • Role: Pharmacists instruct patients on medications and health conditions, providing accessible, knowledgeable, and trusted care.

    Communication

    • Importance: Essential for effective patient care and counseling.

    Patient Interviewing

    • Goal: Gather subjective and objective data on patient's medical and medication history to develop care plans.
    • Subjective: Patient-reported information (e.g., side effects, medication adherence barriers).
    • Objective: Verifiable data (e.g., medical records, lab results, vital signs).
    • Three Steps:
      1. Setting the Stage: Introduce yourself, define purpose, verify patient identity.
      2. Collecting Background: Chief Complaint, HPI, PMH, social history, family history, physical assessment, comprehensive medication history (including current, past, and supplements).
      3. Closing Out: Summarize, verify accuracy, answer questions, set up follow-up.
    • Documentation: Use interview forms to organize information for other providers.
    • Communication Strategies: Use transitional phrases, open-ended questions (Who, What, Where, How), closed-ended questions, empathy (reflecting feelings, acknowledging achievements, disarming anger).

    Health Literacy

    • Definition: Individuals' ability to obtain, process, and understand health information to make appropriate decisions.
    • Pharmacist's Role: Enhancing patient health literacy.
    • Consequences of Low Health Literacy: Inappropriate use of emergency services, extended hospital stays, misinterpretation of treatment, and poor health outcomes.
    • National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL): Measures literacy levels (Below Basic, Basic, Intermediate, Proficient).
    • Four Domains: Fundamental, scientific, cultural, and civic.
    • Risk Factors: Older age, low education, low income, non-English speakers.
    • Topic-Specific Literacy: Patients may struggle with complex conditions, and tailoring communication accordingly is crucial.
    • Assessing Understanding: Open-ended questions, teach-back method.
    • Health Beliefs: Respect patient's religious, moral, and cultural beliefs.
    • Health Belief Model: Perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits of action, barriers to action.
    • Written Materials: Use visual aids, simple language, and clear sentence structure. Cultural sensitivity in images.
    • Health Disparities: Differences in health outcomes between socially disadvantaged groups due to inequities in social determinants of health.
    • Pharmacy-Specific Disparities: Examine disparities in medication adherence, disease management, and access to healthcare services.
    • Cultural Competency: Knowledge, training, reflection, communication, advocacy.

    Insurance Claims

    • Adjudication: Insurance evaluating prescription claims.
    • Electronic Submission: Primarily handled through computer systems.
    • Potential Outcomes: Accepted, denied/declined.
    • Insurance Card Information: Member ID, Rx BIN, Rx PCN, Rx group.
    • Prescription Pathway: Drop-off, input, verification, claims submission, filling, final verification.
    • NCPDP Reject Codes: Standardized codes for claim rejections (e.g., non-matched pharmacy number, plan exclusion, prior authorization required, cost exceeds maximum).
    • Clinical Alerts: Automated system warnings for potential safety issues (e.g., allergies, interactions).
    • Case Examples: illustrate application of claims concepts.
    • Pharmacist Tasks: Respond to alerts systematically, communicate clearly with patients and prescribers.

    Vital Signs

    • Definition: Measurements of basic body functions (temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, height, weight).
    • Blood Pressure: Measured effectively with patient preparation (rest, posture).
    • Blood Pressure Measurement: Using manual equipment (cuff and stethoscope), following proper techniques.
    • Korotkoff Sounds: First and last sounds heard that determine systolic and diastolic pressures.
    • Pulse Rate: Measured at radial artery, counting beats per minute.
    • Respiratory Rate: Observed for breaths per minute.
    • Temperature Measurement: Oral, tympanic, axillary, rectal, or infrared.
    • Height, Weight, and BMI: Measured and used to evaluate weight status.
    • Cardiovascular Diseases: Overview of key diseases. Prevalence and statistics (hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart failure).

    Cardiovascular Diseases

    • Hypertension (HTN): Elevated blood pressure; prevalence, complications, classifications, and treatment.
    • Dyslipidemia/Hyperlipidemia: Abnormal lipid levels, prevalence, and risk assessment. Treatment options include statin therapy.
    • Heart Failure: Classification systems, diagnosis using biomarkers (BNP, NT-proBNP), and factors affecting treatment.

    Respiratory Conditions

    • Asthma: Common respiratory disease, symptoms, variability, triggers, exacerbations. Impact & disparities on various demographics.
    • COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, symptoms, causes, and relationship with asthma.
    • Respiratory Examination: Inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation methods, and identifying abnormal breath sounds.
    • Spirometry: Measurement of lung function, utilizing FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratios.
    • Peak Flow Meter: Measures peak expiratory flow.
    • Oximetry: Measures blood oxygen saturation.
    • Role of the Pharmacist: Medication adherence, inhaler technique education, disease management counseling, smoking cessation support, and vaccination advocacy.
    • Respiratory Devices: MDIs, DPIs, SMIs, nebulizers.
    • Steps for Device Use: Detailed instructions for using various inhaler devices.
    • Risk Factors: Smoking, environmental factors; differences in risk factors for different demographics.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the pivotal roles of community pharmacists both historically and in modern healthcare. This quiz covers the responsibilities of pharmacists, including patient education, medication therapy management, and their role as a healthcare resource.

    More Like This

    Community Pharmacy: Evolution and Impact
    16 questions

    Community Pharmacy: Evolution and Impact

    FeasibleAstatine avatar
    FeasibleAstatine
    Vaccinations in Community Pharmacies
    10 questions

    Vaccinations in Community Pharmacies

    EfficientField avatar
    EfficientField
    Community Pharmacy Services Overview
    5 questions

    Community Pharmacy Services Overview

    StreamlinedDialogue1707 avatar
    StreamlinedDialogue1707
    Community Pharmacist Role and Responsibilities
    20 questions

    Community Pharmacist Role and Responsibilities

    EncouragingTurkey avatar
    EncouragingTurkey
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser