Community Pharmacy and Herbal Medicines

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Questions and Answers

Which condition is characterized by a lack of both carbohydrates and proteins?

Anorexia Nervosa

Obesity

Marasmus (correct)

Kwashiorkor

What is a common manifestation of Kwashiorkor?

Skin & bones appearance

Prominent ribs

Edema or moon face (correct)

Wrinkled skin

Which herbal medicine is indicated for alleviating respiratory issues?

Bayabas

Ampalaya

Lagundi (correct)

Yerba Buena

In treating malnutrition, what does RUTF stand for?

Ready-to-use therapeutic food Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nutritional deficiency in Marasmus?

Lack of proteins and carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Which manifestation is commonly associated with Marasmus?

Thin extremities Signup and view all the answers

Which herbal medicine is used for cleaning wounds?

Bayabas Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily dosage of RUTF for a child weighing 8 kg during treatment?

48 mg/day Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary health risk associated with vitamin A supplementation in infants less than 6 months old?

Risk of toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a pathognomonic sign of tuberculosis?

Hemoptysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the incubation period range for tuberculosis in adults?

4 to 6 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

Which staple food is fortified with iron and vitamin A as part of mandatory fortification?

Rice Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily dose of iron for children with iron deficiency anemia, as indicated in the content?

3-6 mg/kg Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary transmission mode for tuberculosis?

Airborne droplets Signup and view all the answers

In regard to fortified foods, which type is specifically mentioned for iodine?

Salt Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'Oplan Walang Reseta Program'?

To provide access to generic medicines without a medical officer Signup and view all the answers

What are local government-run drugstores primarily responsible for?

Providing low-cost generic home remedies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common method of preparing medicinal plant remedies?

Decoction Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as the Father of the Generics Act in the Philippines?

Dr. Alfredo Bengzon Signup and view all the answers

What problem does malnutrition represent in the context of community health?

It is one of the significant health challenges facing the country. Signup and view all the answers

Which preparation method involves soaking plant material in hot water?

Infusion Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a listed health service provided by Botika ng Barangay?

Expensive brand-name pharmaceuticals Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Walong Wastong Gamot Program' focus on?

Making generics widely available in community health centers Signup and view all the answers

What does MUAC stand for in assessing malnutrition in children?

Middle Upper Arm Circumference Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of iodine deficiency in children?

Growth retardation (cretinism) Signup and view all the answers

How is the amount of peanut butter given to children computed?

Dependent on the weight of the child Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of food fortification programs?

To add nutrients to commercial foods Signup and view all the answers

What does the Asin Law (RA 8172) focus on?

Iodine deficiency elimination Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is primarily targeted for potassium iodate oil supplementation?

0-59 months Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a characteristic of junk foods?

Empty calories with no essential nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What happens when iodine is present in salt during market checks?

The salt color changes to blue violet Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Environmental Health?

Preventing illness by managing the environment Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is NOT listed in the intensive treatment phases for tuberculosis management?

Ethambutol Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Level 1 water supply facilities?

They lack pipe distribution and serve rural areas Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is part of tuberculosis management for children?

Intensive and maintenance treatment phases Signup and view all the answers

What role do public health nursing services play in tuberculosis management?

Overseeing home supervision of patients Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a non-biological agent that Environmental Health may address?

Chemical pollutants in the air Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plans is crucial for improving social conditions in tuberculosis management?

Health education and outreach programs Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume range for Level 1 water supply facilities?

40 to 140 L/minute Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Essential Drugs & Community Pharmacy

Botika ng Barangay/ Botika ng Bayan: government-run pharmacies providing low-priced generic medicines, over-the-counter drugs, and selected prescription antibiotics.
RA 6675: Generics Act of 1988: promotes affordable and accessible medicines.
Oplan Walang Reseta Program: enables nurses to prescribe generic medicines when doctors are unavailable.
Walong Wastong Gamot Program: provides a list of essential generic medications.
Dr. Alfredo Bengzon: considered the "Father of the Generics Act" for advocating for accessible and affordable drugs in the Philippines.

Herbal Medicines

LUBBY SANTA: a mnemonic to remember commonly used herbal medicines.
Lagundi: alleviates respiratory issues.
Ulasimang Bato: for uric acid.
Bawang: used for hypertension and toothache.
Bayabas: helps clean wounds.
Yerba Buena: for bites and bleeding.
Sambong: for urinary issues.
Ampalaya: helps manage diabetes.
Niyogniyogan: used to treat roundworms and pinworms.

Medicinal Plant Preparation

Decoction: boiling plant material in water for 20 minutes.
Infusion: soaking plant material in hot water for 10-15 minutes.
Poultice: applying plant material directly to the affected area, typically used for bruises, wounds, and rashes.
Tincture: mixing plant material in alcohol.

Nutrition

Food as a Basic Need: Food is essential for a healthy family.
Malnutrition as a Problem: Malnutrition is a significant concern in the country.
Macronutrient Malnutrition: lack of essential food groups in large quantities.
Marasmus: deficiency in carbohydrates and proteins.
- Manifestations: thin, wrinkled skin; prominent ribs, “old man” face.
Kwashiorkor: deficiency in proteins while having sufficient carbohydrates.
- Manifestations: thin extremities, edema, moon face, ascites, thin sparse hair.
Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF): peanut butter with added nutrients used for treatment.
Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC): used to assess malnutrition in children under five years old.
Junk Foods: low in nutrients and contribute to malnutrition.
Food Fortification Program: adding essential nutrients to commercial foods to address nutritional deficiencies.
- RA 8976: Food Fortification Law: mandates the fortification of commercial foods with micronutrients.
Sangkap Pinoy: a program promoting food fortification, including salt iodization, and mandatory fortification of staple foods.
Supplements:
- Vitamin A (Retinol): commonly administered to children for deficiency prevention.
- Iron Deficiency Anemia: treated with iron supplements for children under five years old.
Iodine Deficiency Disease:
- Target Age Group: 0-59 months.
- Treatment: 1 capsule (200mg) of potassium iodate oil administered once a year.
- Consequences: mental retardation, growth retardation (cretinism pedia) and dwarfism.
- RA 8172: Asin Law (Salt Iodization): mandates the use of iodized salt.
- "PATAK" sa ASIN: a program where DOH workers check markets for iodine in salt through a reagent that changes color to blue-violet if iodized.
- RA 832: Rice Fortification: FVR (Fortified Vitamin Rice).

Communicable Diseases

Tuberculosis:
- Causative Agent: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium bovis.
- Mode of Transmission: airborne, droplets, or contact.
- Incubation Period: 4 to 6 weeks (adults), 2 to 10 weeks (children).
- Pathognomonic Sign: Hemoptysis (blood-tinged sputum).
- Treatment: Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS).
- Intensive Phase (2 months): Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide.
- Maintenance Phase (4 months): Isoniazid, Rifampicin.
- Extrapulmonary TB Management (EPTB): for children.
- Intensive Phase (2 months): Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Streptomycin.
- Maintenance Phase (10 months): Isoniazid, Rifampicin.
- Prevention: BCG vaccination, health education, improved social conditions, examination facilities, public health outreach services, home supervision of patients.

Environmental Health

Definition: study of preventing illness by managing the environment and changing behavior to reduce exposure to disease-causing agents.
Environmental Sanitation: examining factors in the physical environment that impact health and survival.
EOHO (Environment and Occupational Health Office): responsible for policies on:
- Approved Types of Water Supply Facilities:
  - Level 1: Point Source: outlet, no pipe distribution, 40-140 L/minute, serves 15-25 households, within 250 meters.
RA 9275: Clean Water Act of 2004: underscores the importance of safe water.

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Description

Explore the essential aspects of community pharmacy, including government-run pharmacies, key legislation on generics, and the roles of various health programs in promoting accessible medicines. Additionally, learn about commonly used herbal medicines and their health benefits relevant to Filipino culture.