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Questions and Answers
Which condition is characterized by a lack of both carbohydrates and proteins?
Which condition is characterized by a lack of both carbohydrates and proteins?
What is a common manifestation of Kwashiorkor?
What is a common manifestation of Kwashiorkor?
Which herbal medicine is indicated for alleviating respiratory issues?
Which herbal medicine is indicated for alleviating respiratory issues?
In treating malnutrition, what does RUTF stand for?
In treating malnutrition, what does RUTF stand for?
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What is the primary nutritional deficiency in Marasmus?
What is the primary nutritional deficiency in Marasmus?
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Which manifestation is commonly associated with Marasmus?
Which manifestation is commonly associated with Marasmus?
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Which herbal medicine is used for cleaning wounds?
Which herbal medicine is used for cleaning wounds?
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What is the recommended daily dosage of RUTF for a child weighing 8 kg during treatment?
What is the recommended daily dosage of RUTF for a child weighing 8 kg during treatment?
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What is the primary health risk associated with vitamin A supplementation in infants less than 6 months old?
What is the primary health risk associated with vitamin A supplementation in infants less than 6 months old?
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Which of the following is a pathognomonic sign of tuberculosis?
Which of the following is a pathognomonic sign of tuberculosis?
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What is the incubation period range for tuberculosis in adults?
What is the incubation period range for tuberculosis in adults?
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What is the causative agent of tuberculosis?
What is the causative agent of tuberculosis?
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Which staple food is fortified with iron and vitamin A as part of mandatory fortification?
Which staple food is fortified with iron and vitamin A as part of mandatory fortification?
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What is the recommended daily dose of iron for children with iron deficiency anemia, as indicated in the content?
What is the recommended daily dose of iron for children with iron deficiency anemia, as indicated in the content?
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What is the primary transmission mode for tuberculosis?
What is the primary transmission mode for tuberculosis?
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In regard to fortified foods, which type is specifically mentioned for iodine?
In regard to fortified foods, which type is specifically mentioned for iodine?
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What is the purpose of the 'Oplan Walang Reseta Program'?
What is the purpose of the 'Oplan Walang Reseta Program'?
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What are local government-run drugstores primarily responsible for?
What are local government-run drugstores primarily responsible for?
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Which of the following is a common method of preparing medicinal plant remedies?
Which of the following is a common method of preparing medicinal plant remedies?
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Who is recognized as the Father of the Generics Act in the Philippines?
Who is recognized as the Father of the Generics Act in the Philippines?
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What problem does malnutrition represent in the context of community health?
What problem does malnutrition represent in the context of community health?
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Which preparation method involves soaking plant material in hot water?
Which preparation method involves soaking plant material in hot water?
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What is NOT a listed health service provided by Botika ng Barangay?
What is NOT a listed health service provided by Botika ng Barangay?
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What does the 'Walong Wastong Gamot Program' focus on?
What does the 'Walong Wastong Gamot Program' focus on?
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What does MUAC stand for in assessing malnutrition in children?
What does MUAC stand for in assessing malnutrition in children?
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What is a potential consequence of iodine deficiency in children?
What is a potential consequence of iodine deficiency in children?
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How is the amount of peanut butter given to children computed?
How is the amount of peanut butter given to children computed?
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What is the purpose of food fortification programs?
What is the purpose of food fortification programs?
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What does the Asin Law (RA 8172) focus on?
What does the Asin Law (RA 8172) focus on?
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Which age group is primarily targeted for potassium iodate oil supplementation?
Which age group is primarily targeted for potassium iodate oil supplementation?
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What is considered a characteristic of junk foods?
What is considered a characteristic of junk foods?
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What happens when iodine is present in salt during market checks?
What happens when iodine is present in salt during market checks?
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What is the primary focus of Environmental Health?
What is the primary focus of Environmental Health?
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Which drug is NOT listed in the intensive treatment phases for tuberculosis management?
Which drug is NOT listed in the intensive treatment phases for tuberculosis management?
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What characterizes Level 1 water supply facilities?
What characterizes Level 1 water supply facilities?
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Which of the following is part of tuberculosis management for children?
Which of the following is part of tuberculosis management for children?
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What role do public health nursing services play in tuberculosis management?
What role do public health nursing services play in tuberculosis management?
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What is an example of a non-biological agent that Environmental Health may address?
What is an example of a non-biological agent that Environmental Health may address?
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Which of the following plans is crucial for improving social conditions in tuberculosis management?
Which of the following plans is crucial for improving social conditions in tuberculosis management?
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What is the volume range for Level 1 water supply facilities?
What is the volume range for Level 1 water supply facilities?
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Study Notes
Essential Drugs & Community Pharmacy
- Botika ng Barangay/ Botika ng Bayan: government-run pharmacies providing low-priced generic medicines, over-the-counter drugs, and selected prescription antibiotics.
- RA 6675: Generics Act of 1988: promotes affordable and accessible medicines.
- Oplan Walang Reseta Program: enables nurses to prescribe generic medicines when doctors are unavailable.
- Walong Wastong Gamot Program: provides a list of essential generic medications.
- Dr. Alfredo Bengzon: considered the "Father of the Generics Act" for advocating for accessible and affordable drugs in the Philippines.
Herbal Medicines
- LUBBY SANTA: a mnemonic to remember commonly used herbal medicines.
- Lagundi: alleviates respiratory issues.
- Ulasimang Bato: for uric acid.
- Bawang: used for hypertension and toothache.
- Bayabas: helps clean wounds.
- Yerba Buena: for bites and bleeding.
- Sambong: for urinary issues.
- Ampalaya: helps manage diabetes.
- Niyogniyogan: used to treat roundworms and pinworms.
Medicinal Plant Preparation
- Decoction: boiling plant material in water for 20 minutes.
- Infusion: soaking plant material in hot water for 10-15 minutes.
- Poultice: applying plant material directly to the affected area, typically used for bruises, wounds, and rashes.
- Tincture: mixing plant material in alcohol.
Nutrition
- Food as a Basic Need: Food is essential for a healthy family.
- Malnutrition as a Problem: Malnutrition is a significant concern in the country.
- Macronutrient Malnutrition: lack of essential food groups in large quantities.
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Marasmus: deficiency in carbohydrates and proteins.
- Manifestations: thin, wrinkled skin; prominent ribs, “old man” face.
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Kwashiorkor: deficiency in proteins while having sufficient carbohydrates.
- Manifestations: thin extremities, edema, moon face, ascites, thin sparse hair.
- Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF): peanut butter with added nutrients used for treatment.
- Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC): used to assess malnutrition in children under five years old.
- Junk Foods: low in nutrients and contribute to malnutrition.
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Food Fortification Program: adding essential nutrients to commercial foods to address nutritional deficiencies.
- RA 8976: Food Fortification Law: mandates the fortification of commercial foods with micronutrients.
- Sangkap Pinoy: a program promoting food fortification, including salt iodization, and mandatory fortification of staple foods.
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Supplements:
- Vitamin A (Retinol): commonly administered to children for deficiency prevention.
- Iron Deficiency Anemia: treated with iron supplements for children under five years old.
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Iodine Deficiency Disease:
- Target Age Group: 0-59 months.
- Treatment: 1 capsule (200mg) of potassium iodate oil administered once a year.
- Consequences: mental retardation, growth retardation (cretinism pedia) and dwarfism.
- RA 8172: Asin Law (Salt Iodization): mandates the use of iodized salt.
- "PATAK" sa ASIN: a program where DOH workers check markets for iodine in salt through a reagent that changes color to blue-violet if iodized.
- RA 832: Rice Fortification: FVR (Fortified Vitamin Rice).
Communicable Diseases
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Tuberculosis:
- Causative Agent: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium bovis.
- Mode of Transmission: airborne, droplets, or contact.
- Incubation Period: 4 to 6 weeks (adults), 2 to 10 weeks (children).
- Pathognomonic Sign: Hemoptysis (blood-tinged sputum).
- Treatment: Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS).
- Intensive Phase (2 months): Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide.
- Maintenance Phase (4 months): Isoniazid, Rifampicin.
- Extrapulmonary TB Management (EPTB): for children.
- Intensive Phase (2 months): Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Streptomycin.
- Maintenance Phase (10 months): Isoniazid, Rifampicin.
- Prevention: BCG vaccination, health education, improved social conditions, examination facilities, public health outreach services, home supervision of patients.
Environmental Health
- Definition: study of preventing illness by managing the environment and changing behavior to reduce exposure to disease-causing agents.
- Environmental Sanitation: examining factors in the physical environment that impact health and survival.
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EOHO (Environment and Occupational Health Office): responsible for policies on:
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Approved Types of Water Supply Facilities:
- Level 1: Point Source: outlet, no pipe distribution, 40-140 L/minute, serves 15-25 households, within 250 meters.
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Approved Types of Water Supply Facilities:
- RA 9275: Clean Water Act of 2004: underscores the importance of safe water.
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Description
Explore the essential aspects of community pharmacy, including government-run pharmacies, key legislation on generics, and the roles of various health programs in promoting accessible medicines. Additionally, learn about commonly used herbal medicines and their health benefits relevant to Filipino culture.