Community Health Nursing Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the Crude Birth Rate based on the provided data?

  • 14
  • 15
  • 13 (correct)
  • 12

    • What is the Crude Death Rate given the total deaths from all causes?

  • 20
  • 14
  • 10
  • 15 (correct)

    • Calculate the Infant Death Rate based on the information given.

  • 25/1000
  • 10/1000
  • 20/1000
  • 15/1000 (correct)

    • What is the purpose of health statistics in community health nursing?

    <p>To serve as an index to the health condition of a community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Maternal Mortality Rate based on the deaths from maternal causes?

    <p>12/1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a tool used in community health nursing to identify health needs?

    <p>Personal anecdotes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Case Fatality Rate for Pneumonia given the number of cases and deaths?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'vital statistics' refer to in community health?

    <p>Application of statistical methods to births, deaths, and illnesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If there are 30 pneumonia cases, how many deaths would indicate a mortality rate of 10%?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What total deaths in 1,000 individuals would correspond to a Crude Death Rate of 14?

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes health indicators?

    <p>A list of metrics determining the health of a community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the total deaths counted are 50, what percentage are due to pneumonia?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential consequence of relying on inaccurate health statistics?

    <p>Misinformed decisions leading to ineffective health services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Health services in a community can be evaluated by using which of the following?

    <p>Health statistics as a basis for success or failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following metrics would be included in health indicators?

    <p>Community birth rate and death rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding community health nursing is accurate?

    <p>It amalgamates public health knowledge with nursing practice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one purpose of informing health team and community members about existing health problems?

    <p>To enhance appreciation for health information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which methods are used to present community data?

    <p>All of the following: tables, graphs, maps, pictures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ecologic triad of multiple causation theory highlights which components in disease development?

    <p>Agent, host, and environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is herd immunity primarily concerned with?

    <p>The likelihood of an epidemic in a community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about immunity levels and susceptibility levels is accurate?

    <p>Immunity level is inversely proportional to susceptibility level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of disease spread, what is insufficient for transmitting infection?

    <p>Maintenance of infection in a reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is NOT considered immune-compromised?

    <p>Healthy adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of a nurse in epidemiology?

    <p>Maintaining surveillance of notifiable diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measures the pregnancy wastage and fetal death that occurs before the complete expulsion of the fetus?

    <p>Fetal death rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rate measures the risk of dying from causes related to pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal care?

    <p>Maternal mortality rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure is an indicator of the general health of the community reflecting the risk of dying during the first year of life?

    <p>Infant mortality rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the cessation of all physical and chemical processes in all living things?

    <p>Death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following measures the rough force of mortality on the probability of dying?

    <p>Crude death rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What formula is used to obtain the Proportion Mortality Rate (PMR)?

    <p>No. of deaths from a specific cause / total deaths X 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is referred to as the 'killing power' of a disease?

    <p>Case fatality rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Attack Rate calculated?

    <p>No. of persons acquiring a disease / total no. exposed to the disease X 100</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent is characterized by nutrients that are essential for health but may cause deficiencies?

    <p>Nutritive Agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of agent is represented by the abrasions and concussions resulting from a vehicular accident?

    <p>Mechanical Agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transmission involves the indirect transfer of pathogens through contaminants like food or water?

    <p>Mechanical Transmission – Indirect Transmission through Vehicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The infectious agent of epidemic Typhus is transmitted through which mechanism?

    <p>Indirect Transmission through Vectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the number of live births recorded in Barangay Maliwaliw Health Center data?

    <p>Fertility Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease mechanism involves the changes the malaria parasite undergoes for transmission?

    <p>Biological Transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a data analysis of 9 infant deaths out of 120 live births indicate?

    <p>High Infant Mortality Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agent corresponds to environmental factors affecting health, such as radiation from power plants?

    <p>Physical Agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Community Health Nursing

    • Demography, Vital Statistics, & Epidemiology are three important tools to help a nurse identify community health needs.
    • Community health nursing assimilates the knowledge, skills, and attitudes from public health.

    Importance of Health Statistics

    • Health statistics serve as a tool for planning, implementing, and evaluating health programs.
    • Health statistics serve as an index to the health condition of the community.
    • Health statistics serve as a basis for determining the success or failure of health services or actions. 

    Vital Statistics

    • Vital statistics refer to the application of statistical methods and techniques to the study of vital facts, such as those concerning births, deaths, and illnesses. 

    Health Indicators

    • Health indicators are a list of information which would determine the health of a particular community, including population, crude birth rate, crude death rate, infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, etc. 

    Fetal Death Rate

    • The fetal death rate measures pregnancy wastage including death of the product of conception that occurs prior to its complete expulsion, irrespective of the duration of the pregnancy. 

    Maternal Mortality Rate

    • Maternal Mortality Rate measures the risk of dying from causes related to pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period. It is the index of obstetrical care needed and received by women in the community. 

    Infant Mortality Rate

    • The infant mortality rate measures the risk of dying during the first year of life and is a good index of the general health of the community. 

    Death

    • Death describes the cessation of all physical and chemical processes in all living things. 

    Crude Death Rate

    • The crude death rate is a rough measure of the force of mortality or the probability of dying. 

    Proportion Mortality Rate (PMR)

    • The Proportion Mortality Rate is calculated using the formula: No. of deaths from a specific cause / total deaths X 100. 

    Attack Rate

    • The Attack Rate is measured by using the formula: No. of persons acquiring a disease / total no. of exposed to the disease X 100. 

    Case Fatality Rate

    • Case Fatality Rate refers to the killing power of a disease. 

    Prevalence Rate

    • The prevalence rate is the proportion of a population found to have a disease or attribute at a particular time.
    • Prevalence rate formula: No. of old & new cases of a certain disease / total no. of persons examined X 100

    Incidence Rate

    • The incidence rate is the rate at which new cases of a disease occur in a population.
    • Incidence rate formula: No. of new cases of a particular disease / midyear population X 100,000 

    Uses of Epidemiology

    • Data Collection, Analysis, & Interpretation*

    • To identify existing and emerging health problems

    • To measure the burden of disease in the community

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of health programs

    • To monitor health trends and patterns

    • To inform the health team and community members of existing health and health-related problems.

    • To make members of the community appreciate the significance and relevance of health information in their lives.

    • To allow for a wider perspective in the analysis of data thus provide a basis for better decision-making.

    • To validate findings and force broader support and participation in the community health process. 

    Methods Used To Present Community Data

    • Tables
    • Graphs
    • Maps
    • Pictures 

    Epidemiology 

    • Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems. 

    Ecologic Triad Theory

    • The ecologic triad of the multiple causation theory is the most useful epidemiologic concept since it highlights not only the agent’s and host’s roles in disease development but the environment also.

    Herd Immunity

    • Herd immunity is the resistance of a group or community to an infectious agent. 
    • The mere existence of a reservoir of infection is not enough to bring about the spread of infection. The infectious agent must be able to escape from the body of the reservoir so as to transmit to others. 

    Immune Compromised Individuals

    • Children, malnourished individuals, the elderly, chronically ill, and post-op patients are considered to be immune-compromised. 

    Dissemination of Epidemiological Data

    • The occurrence and distribution of disease is highly variable. It depends on personal and host, time, place and environmental factors. 

    Nurse’s Role in Epidemiology

    • To maintain surveillance of the occurrence of notifiable diseases. 

    Disease Agents

    • Biological agents: Organisms that cause disease. 
    • Chemical agents: Chemicals that cause disease, including poisons and toxins. 
    • Physical agents: Physical agents that cause disease, including heat, cold, radiation, and noise. 
    • Mechanical agents: Agents that cause disease by injury or trauma. 
    • Nutritive agents: Agents that cause disease by deficiency or excess, including vitamins, minerals, and calories. 
    • Sociological agents: Factors that influence disease, including social status, poverty, and education. 

    Disease Transmission

    • Direct transmission: The spread of disease from an infected individual to a susceptible individual without an intermediary. 

    • Indirect Transmission: The spread of disease from an infected individual to a susceptible individual through an intermediary. Vehicles: Food, water, and air. Vectors: Animals, including mosquitos and ticks.

    • Biological transmission: The spread of disease through a vector.

    • Sexual transmission: The spread of disease by means of sexual contact. 

    • Asexual transmission: The spread of disease by means of asexual reproduction. 

    Crude Birth Rate

    • The crude birth rate is calculated using the formula: No. of Live Births / midyear population X 1,000. 

    Crude Death Rate

    • The crude death rate is calculated using the formula: No. of deaths / midyear population X 1,000. 

    Infant Death Rate

    • The infant death rate is calculated using the formula: No. of Infant Deaths / No. of Live Births X 1,000. 

    Maternal Mortality Rate

    • The maternal mortality rate is calculated using the formula: No. of Maternal Deaths / No. of Live Births X 1,000. 

    Case Fatality Rate

    • The case fatality rate is calculated using the formula: No. of deaths from a specific cause / No. of cases of the disease X 100. 

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    Description

    This quiz explores the foundational concepts in Community Health Nursing, focusing on demography, vital statistics, and epidemiology. It highlights the importance of health statistics and health indicators in assessing community health needs and evaluating health programs.

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