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Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of community health nursing?
What is the preparation method for Bawang (Allium sativum) to lower cholesterol?
Saute or boil; may be infused for five minutes; be mixed with vinegar.
Which of the following is NOT a level of clientele in community health nursing?
Public health nursing aims to prevent diseases and promote health.
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What is the mission of the Department of Health in the Philippines?
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What does the acronym PHC stand for in the context of health care?
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The primary role of a public health nurse includes __________.
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What is the dosage of Yerba Buena (Mentha cordifolia Opiz ex Fresen) for adults?
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To lower cholesterol level, eat two cloves of __________ with meals three times a day.
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How long should the leaves of Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) be boiled?
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For diabetes mellitus, how many times a day should one drink the preparation made with Ampalaya (Momordica charantia)?
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Match the types of health care levels with their descriptions.
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Which of the following is one of the Four Elements of the Strategy of the FOURmula ONE for Health?
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What is one goal of Family Planning services?
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What part of the Tsaang Gubat (Ehretia microphylla Lam) is used for stomachache?
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Which of the following is a type of male sterilization?
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Ampalaya leaves should be cleaned thoroughly and chopped before use.
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Akapulko (Cassia alata) should be consumed internally to treat infected skin.
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The clean water supply level that serves 15 to 25 households is called __________.
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Only approved methods of sewage disposal are allowed in Environmental Health.
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What is the recommended dosage of Niyug-niyugan (Quisqualis indica) for adults?
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Study Notes
Community Health Nursing
- Integrates nursing practice with public health to improve the health of populations.
- Emphasizes community health, providing care to individuals, families, and groups within the community context.
- Focuses on three main areas: health promotion, illness prevention, and care for the sick at home.
Levels of Clientele
- Individuals
- Families
- Populations
- Communities
Subspecialties
- School Nursing
- Occupational Health Nursing
- Community Mental Health Nursing
- Public Health Nursing
Public Health Nursing
- Combines nursing skills and public health principles with elements of social assistance.
- Aims to promote health, improve social and physical environments, and assist in rehabilitation.
- Defined by Dr. C.E. Winslow as the art and science of preventing diseases and promoting health and efficiency.
Public Health Nurse
- Works in local/national health departments or public schools.
- Typically starts at Salary Grade 15.
Roles and Functions of a Public Health Nurse
- Planner/Programmer: Identifies health needs and priorities.
- Nursing Care Provider: Delivers nursing care in home, clinic, school, or workplace settings.
- Manager/Supervisor: Implements nursing plans and encourages community health problem solving.
- Community Organizer: Fosters participation and initiates development activities.
- Service Coordinator: Collaborates for health service delivery.
- Health Educator/Counselor: Conducts health training and informs communities on health-related issues.
- Health Monitor: Tracks health status through contact and observation.
- Role Model: Exemplifies healthy living standards.
- Change Agent: Motivates behavior change in health practices.
- Reported/Recorder/Statistician: Documents interventions and analyzes health data.
- Researcher: Gathers data through various assessment methods.
Philippine Health Care Delivery System
- Department of Health (DOH) focuses on health leadership, capacity building, and specific service administration.
- Vision: Filipinos to be among the healthiest in Southeast Asia by 2022, Asia by 2040.
- Mission: Develop a resilient, equitable, people-centered health system.
- Goal: Implement Health Sector Reform Agenda (HSRA).
Framework for HSRA Implementation
- FOURmula ONE for Health (2005-2010) aims at better health outcomes and responsive health systems.
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Four Elements:
- Health Financing: Ensure sustainable health investment (PHILHEALTH).
- Health Regulation: Maintain quality and affordability of health services.
- Health Service Delivery: Enhance accessibility to essential health care.
- Good Governance: Improve health system performance across levels.
Primary Health Care (PHC) in the Philippines
- Established via Letter of Instruction (LOI) 949 on October 19, 1979, themed "Health in the Hands of the People".
- Centers on community empowerment and accessible health services.
Components of PHC
- Education for health
- Disease control and treatment
- Expanded immunization program
- Maternal and child health
- Essential drugs
- Nutrition
- Sanitation
Levels of Primary Health Care Providers
- Village/Barangay Health Workers: Trained community health volunteers.
- Intermediate Level Health Workers: Includes public health nurses and rural health physicians.
Levels of Healthcare and Referral Systems
- Primary Level of Care: Personnel provide basic health services at local health facilities.
- Secondary Level of Care: Basic health training physicians handle minor surgeries and serve as referral centers.
- Tertiary Level of Care: Specialists address complex cases in advanced medical facilities.
Levels of Prevention
- Primary Prevention: Focuses on preventing disease transmission (e.g., vector control, immunization).
- Secondary Prevention: Targets early detection and intervention post-infection (e.g., screenings, health exams).
- Tertiary Prevention: Aims to reduce morbidity post-disease onset through rehabilitation efforts.
Field Health Services and Information System (FHSIS)
- Collects and analyzes health service delivery data across various levels for program monitoring and evaluation.
- Aims for data accuracy and reduced reporting burdens for healthcare providers.
Public Health Programs - Family Health
- Maternal Health Program: Includes antenatal registration, immunization, disease treatment, and health teachings.
Immunization Policies
- EPI LAW (PD 996): Advocates concurrent vaccinations on the same day and outlines essential guidelines for immunization practices.
- RA 10152 (2011): Mandates basic immunization services for children; emphasizes the importance of vaccinations despite common contraindications.
Family Planning
- Overall Goal: Provide universal access to family planning services.
- Aims to reduce infant, neonatal, under-five, and maternal mortality rates.
- Methods: Consists of sterilization (female and male), contraceptive pills, male condoms, and injectables, each with specific advantages and disadvantages.### Lactating Amenorrhea Method (LAM)
- Temporary birth control method for breastfeeding women based on natural infertility
- Universally accessible with no additional family planning resources needed
- Supports maternal and child health and nutrition
- Effective only for up to 6 months postpartum
- Effectiveness decreases with mother-child separation
- Maintaining full breastfeeding might be challenging for 6 months
Mucus/Billing Methods
- Involves abstaining from intercourse during fertile days to prevent pregnancy
- Applicable for any reproductive-age woman without unusual medical conditions
Basal Body Temperature Method
- Identifies fertile and infertile periods through daily temperature recording
- Temperature reduces by 0.5°F before ovulation and rises by 1.0°F during ovulation
Sympto-thermal Method
- Combines observations of cervical mucus, basal body temperature, and other ovulation signs for cycle tracking
Two Day Method
- Based on daily checking of cervical secretions to identify fertility
- Usable by women with any cycle length
- Minimal cost and immediate reversibility
- Requires male partner participation and may be unreliable for women with unusual cervical secretions
Standard Days Method
- Color-coded cycle beads help track fertile and infertile days
- No health side effects; promotes self-awareness and education on reproduction
- Applicable for pregnancy avoidance or achievement
- Not suitable for women with cycles shorter than 26 days or longer than 32 days
Environmental Health
- Branch of public health focused on preventing illness through environmental management and behavior change
- Addresses exposure to disease-causing agents
Health and Sanitation Laws in the Philippines
- PD 856: Sanitation Code
- RA 6969: Toxic Substances and Hazardous Waste Control Act
- RA 8749: Clean Air Act
- RA 9003: Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
- RA 9275: Clean Water Act
Environmental Sanitation
- Studies factors in the environment affecting health, well-being, and survival
Water Supply Facilities
- Level 1: Point source (protected well/spring) serving 15-25 households
- Level 2: Communal faucet systems delivering shared water supply
- Level 3: Individual house connections for waterworks systems
- Unapproved facilities include open dug wells and unimproved springs
Proper Excreta and Sewage Disposal Program
- Level 1: Non-water carriage facilities (pit latrines, earth closets)
- Level 2: Water carriage types with small water use
- Level 3: Connected to sewage systems or treatment plants
Food Sanitation Program
- Inspections for food sources, sanitation permits, and health certifications for food handlers
- Administrative Order no. 1-2006 mandates modern stool analysis methods
Four Rights in Food Safety
- Right Source: Purchase fresh, unspoiled food; check expiry dates; boil water for safety
- Right Preparation: Prevent cross-contamination; wash raw vegetables and hands before cooking
- Right Cooking: Cook food thoroughly at correct temperatures; eat promptly
- Right Storage: Store food correctly to ensure safety and freshness; discard suspicious food
General Guidelines for Herbal Medicine
- Use the correct plant, part, dosage, and duration; stop if adverse reactions occur
- Consult a physician if no improvement is observed after use
Selected Herbal Plants and Uses
- Lagundi: Used for cough and asthma; preparation involves boiling leaves
- Ulasimang Bato: Used for lowering uric acid; can be consumed fresh or as decoction
- Bayabas: Used for wound cleaning and oral infections; leaves boiled for solution
- Bawang: Used for cholesterol; consumed raw or prepared in dishes
- Yerba Buena: For body pains; leaves boiled and solution divided for consumption
- Sambong: For swelling; leaves boiled and administered in portions
- Ampalaya: Used for diabetes; leaves prepared and taken before meals
- Niyug-niyugan: For ascaris; seeds consumed after meals
- Tsaang Gubat: For stomachaches; leaves prepared into a solution
- Akapulko: For skin infections; juice applied topically
Conclusion
- Proper understanding of family planning methods, environmental health policies, food safety practices, and herbal medicine can contribute to overall health awareness and community well-being.
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Description
Community Health Nursing focuses on promoting and preserving the health of populations, with nursing care of individuals, families and groups within the community context. It is a synthesis of nursing practice and public health.
