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Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of community health nursing?
What is the main focus of community health nursing?
What is the preparation method for Bawang (Allium sativum) to lower cholesterol?
What is the preparation method for Bawang (Allium sativum) to lower cholesterol?
Saute or boil; may be infused for five minutes; be mixed with vinegar.
Which of the following is NOT a level of clientele in community health nursing?
Which of the following is NOT a level of clientele in community health nursing?
Public health nursing aims to prevent diseases and promote health.
Public health nursing aims to prevent diseases and promote health.
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What is the mission of the Department of Health in the Philippines?
What is the mission of the Department of Health in the Philippines?
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What does the acronym PHC stand for in the context of health care?
What does the acronym PHC stand for in the context of health care?
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The primary role of a public health nurse includes __________.
The primary role of a public health nurse includes __________.
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What is the dosage of Yerba Buena (Mentha cordifolia Opiz ex Fresen) for adults?
What is the dosage of Yerba Buena (Mentha cordifolia Opiz ex Fresen) for adults?
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To lower cholesterol level, eat two cloves of __________ with meals three times a day.
To lower cholesterol level, eat two cloves of __________ with meals three times a day.
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How long should the leaves of Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) be boiled?
How long should the leaves of Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) be boiled?
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For diabetes mellitus, how many times a day should one drink the preparation made with Ampalaya (Momordica charantia)?
For diabetes mellitus, how many times a day should one drink the preparation made with Ampalaya (Momordica charantia)?
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Match the types of health care levels with their descriptions.
Match the types of health care levels with their descriptions.
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Which of the following is one of the Four Elements of the Strategy of the FOURmula ONE for Health?
Which of the following is one of the Four Elements of the Strategy of the FOURmula ONE for Health?
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What is one goal of Family Planning services?
What is one goal of Family Planning services?
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What part of the Tsaang Gubat (Ehretia microphylla Lam) is used for stomachache?
What part of the Tsaang Gubat (Ehretia microphylla Lam) is used for stomachache?
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Which of the following is a type of male sterilization?
Which of the following is a type of male sterilization?
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Ampalaya leaves should be cleaned thoroughly and chopped before use.
Ampalaya leaves should be cleaned thoroughly and chopped before use.
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Akapulko (Cassia alata) should be consumed internally to treat infected skin.
Akapulko (Cassia alata) should be consumed internally to treat infected skin.
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The clean water supply level that serves 15 to 25 households is called __________.
The clean water supply level that serves 15 to 25 households is called __________.
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Only approved methods of sewage disposal are allowed in Environmental Health.
Only approved methods of sewage disposal are allowed in Environmental Health.
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What is the recommended dosage of Niyug-niyugan (Quisqualis indica) for adults?
What is the recommended dosage of Niyug-niyugan (Quisqualis indica) for adults?
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Study Notes
Community Health Nursing
- Integrates nursing practice with public health to improve the health of populations.
- Emphasizes community health, providing care to individuals, families, and groups within the community context.
- Focuses on three main areas: health promotion, illness prevention, and care for the sick at home.
Levels of Clientele
- Individuals
- Families
- Populations
- Communities
Subspecialties
- School Nursing
- Occupational Health Nursing
- Community Mental Health Nursing
- Public Health Nursing
Public Health Nursing
- Combines nursing skills and public health principles with elements of social assistance.
- Aims to promote health, improve social and physical environments, and assist in rehabilitation.
- Defined by Dr. C.E. Winslow as the art and science of preventing diseases and promoting health and efficiency.
Public Health Nurse
- Works in local/national health departments or public schools.
- Typically starts at Salary Grade 15.
Roles and Functions of a Public Health Nurse
- Planner/Programmer: Identifies health needs and priorities.
- Nursing Care Provider: Delivers nursing care in home, clinic, school, or workplace settings.
- Manager/Supervisor: Implements nursing plans and encourages community health problem solving.
- Community Organizer: Fosters participation and initiates development activities.
- Service Coordinator: Collaborates for health service delivery.
- Health Educator/Counselor: Conducts health training and informs communities on health-related issues.
- Health Monitor: Tracks health status through contact and observation.
- Role Model: Exemplifies healthy living standards.
- Change Agent: Motivates behavior change in health practices.
- Reported/Recorder/Statistician: Documents interventions and analyzes health data.
- Researcher: Gathers data through various assessment methods.
Philippine Health Care Delivery System
- Department of Health (DOH) focuses on health leadership, capacity building, and specific service administration.
- Vision: Filipinos to be among the healthiest in Southeast Asia by 2022, Asia by 2040.
- Mission: Develop a resilient, equitable, people-centered health system.
- Goal: Implement Health Sector Reform Agenda (HSRA).
Framework for HSRA Implementation
- FOURmula ONE for Health (2005-2010) aims at better health outcomes and responsive health systems.
-
Four Elements:
- Health Financing: Ensure sustainable health investment (PHILHEALTH).
- Health Regulation: Maintain quality and affordability of health services.
- Health Service Delivery: Enhance accessibility to essential health care.
- Good Governance: Improve health system performance across levels.
Primary Health Care (PHC) in the Philippines
- Established via Letter of Instruction (LOI) 949 on October 19, 1979, themed "Health in the Hands of the People".
- Centers on community empowerment and accessible health services.
Components of PHC
- Education for health
- Disease control and treatment
- Expanded immunization program
- Maternal and child health
- Essential drugs
- Nutrition
- Sanitation
Levels of Primary Health Care Providers
- Village/Barangay Health Workers: Trained community health volunteers.
- Intermediate Level Health Workers: Includes public health nurses and rural health physicians.
Levels of Healthcare and Referral Systems
- Primary Level of Care: Personnel provide basic health services at local health facilities.
- Secondary Level of Care: Basic health training physicians handle minor surgeries and serve as referral centers.
- Tertiary Level of Care: Specialists address complex cases in advanced medical facilities.
Levels of Prevention
- Primary Prevention: Focuses on preventing disease transmission (e.g., vector control, immunization).
- Secondary Prevention: Targets early detection and intervention post-infection (e.g., screenings, health exams).
- Tertiary Prevention: Aims to reduce morbidity post-disease onset through rehabilitation efforts.
Field Health Services and Information System (FHSIS)
- Collects and analyzes health service delivery data across various levels for program monitoring and evaluation.
- Aims for data accuracy and reduced reporting burdens for healthcare providers.
Public Health Programs - Family Health
- Maternal Health Program: Includes antenatal registration, immunization, disease treatment, and health teachings.
Immunization Policies
- EPI LAW (PD 996): Advocates concurrent vaccinations on the same day and outlines essential guidelines for immunization practices.
- RA 10152 (2011): Mandates basic immunization services for children; emphasizes the importance of vaccinations despite common contraindications.
Family Planning
- Overall Goal: Provide universal access to family planning services.
- Aims to reduce infant, neonatal, under-five, and maternal mortality rates.
- Methods: Consists of sterilization (female and male), contraceptive pills, male condoms, and injectables, each with specific advantages and disadvantages.### Lactating Amenorrhea Method (LAM)
- Temporary birth control method for breastfeeding women based on natural infertility
- Universally accessible with no additional family planning resources needed
- Supports maternal and child health and nutrition
- Effective only for up to 6 months postpartum
- Effectiveness decreases with mother-child separation
- Maintaining full breastfeeding might be challenging for 6 months
Mucus/Billing Methods
- Involves abstaining from intercourse during fertile days to prevent pregnancy
- Applicable for any reproductive-age woman without unusual medical conditions
Basal Body Temperature Method
- Identifies fertile and infertile periods through daily temperature recording
- Temperature reduces by 0.5°F before ovulation and rises by 1.0°F during ovulation
Sympto-thermal Method
- Combines observations of cervical mucus, basal body temperature, and other ovulation signs for cycle tracking
Two Day Method
- Based on daily checking of cervical secretions to identify fertility
- Usable by women with any cycle length
- Minimal cost and immediate reversibility
- Requires male partner participation and may be unreliable for women with unusual cervical secretions
Standard Days Method
- Color-coded cycle beads help track fertile and infertile days
- No health side effects; promotes self-awareness and education on reproduction
- Applicable for pregnancy avoidance or achievement
- Not suitable for women with cycles shorter than 26 days or longer than 32 days
Environmental Health
- Branch of public health focused on preventing illness through environmental management and behavior change
- Addresses exposure to disease-causing agents
Health and Sanitation Laws in the Philippines
- PD 856: Sanitation Code
- RA 6969: Toxic Substances and Hazardous Waste Control Act
- RA 8749: Clean Air Act
- RA 9003: Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
- RA 9275: Clean Water Act
Environmental Sanitation
- Studies factors in the environment affecting health, well-being, and survival
Water Supply Facilities
- Level 1: Point source (protected well/spring) serving 15-25 households
- Level 2: Communal faucet systems delivering shared water supply
- Level 3: Individual house connections for waterworks systems
- Unapproved facilities include open dug wells and unimproved springs
Proper Excreta and Sewage Disposal Program
- Level 1: Non-water carriage facilities (pit latrines, earth closets)
- Level 2: Water carriage types with small water use
- Level 3: Connected to sewage systems or treatment plants
Food Sanitation Program
- Inspections for food sources, sanitation permits, and health certifications for food handlers
- Administrative Order no. 1-2006 mandates modern stool analysis methods
Four Rights in Food Safety
- Right Source: Purchase fresh, unspoiled food; check expiry dates; boil water for safety
- Right Preparation: Prevent cross-contamination; wash raw vegetables and hands before cooking
- Right Cooking: Cook food thoroughly at correct temperatures; eat promptly
- Right Storage: Store food correctly to ensure safety and freshness; discard suspicious food
General Guidelines for Herbal Medicine
- Use the correct plant, part, dosage, and duration; stop if adverse reactions occur
- Consult a physician if no improvement is observed after use
Selected Herbal Plants and Uses
- Lagundi: Used for cough and asthma; preparation involves boiling leaves
- Ulasimang Bato: Used for lowering uric acid; can be consumed fresh or as decoction
- Bayabas: Used for wound cleaning and oral infections; leaves boiled for solution
- Bawang: Used for cholesterol; consumed raw or prepared in dishes
- Yerba Buena: For body pains; leaves boiled and solution divided for consumption
- Sambong: For swelling; leaves boiled and administered in portions
- Ampalaya: Used for diabetes; leaves prepared and taken before meals
- Niyug-niyugan: For ascaris; seeds consumed after meals
- Tsaang Gubat: For stomachaches; leaves prepared into a solution
- Akapulko: For skin infections; juice applied topically
Conclusion
- Proper understanding of family planning methods, environmental health policies, food safety practices, and herbal medicine can contribute to overall health awareness and community well-being.
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Description
Community Health Nursing focuses on promoting and preserving the health of populations, with nursing care of individuals, families and groups within the community context. It is a synthesis of nursing practice and public health.
