Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the three major categories of environmental factors affecting health?
What are the three major categories of environmental factors affecting health?
- Cultural, environmental, and lifestyle
- Social, biological, and lifestyle
- Physical, biological, and socio-economic (correct)
- Biological, chemical, and personal
In the ecological triad, which components are primarily involved?
In the ecological triad, which components are primarily involved?
- Society, immunity, and chemical agents
- Genetics, culture, and physical agents
- Host, agent, and environment (correct)
- Behavior, nutrition, and biological factors
Which of the following represents a biological agent of disease?
Which of the following represents a biological agent of disease?
- Cultural habits
- Social attitudes
- Viruses and bacteria (correct)
- Natural or synthetic compounds
What is one of the key characteristics of intermediate factors in health?
What is one of the key characteristics of intermediate factors in health?
How do chemical agents contribute to disease causation?
How do chemical agents contribute to disease causation?
Which of the following best defines the role of the host in the ecological triad?
Which of the following best defines the role of the host in the ecological triad?
What is the primary focus of the epidemiologic triangle in disease causation?
What is the primary focus of the epidemiologic triangle in disease causation?
What is the primary focus of outcome evaluation?
What is the primary focus of outcome evaluation?
What does impact evaluation primarily assess?
What does impact evaluation primarily assess?
Which of the following best describes epidemiology?
Which of the following best describes epidemiology?
What are fomites in the context of health-related studies?
What are fomites in the context of health-related studies?
Which of the following represents an inanimate reservoir?
Which of the following represents an inanimate reservoir?
What was the impact of weak routine immunization on younger children?
What was the impact of weak routine immunization on younger children?
How does the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) contribute to the government?
How does the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) contribute to the government?
What main objective does the World Health Organization (WHO) aim to achieve?
What main objective does the World Health Organization (WHO) aim to achieve?
When was a National Dengue Alert declared by the Department of Health (DOH)?
When was a National Dengue Alert declared by the Department of Health (DOH)?
What trend was observed regarding dengue incidence from January to June 2019 compared to 2018?
What trend was observed regarding dengue incidence from January to June 2019 compared to 2018?
What characterizes a phenomenological community?
What characterizes a phenomenological community?
What role does the Philippines Integrated Disease Surveillance & Response (PIDSR) system serve?
What role does the Philippines Integrated Disease Surveillance & Response (PIDSR) system serve?
Which of the following diseases has seen a significant increase in incidence due to weak immunization?
Which of the following diseases has seen a significant increase in incidence due to weak immunization?
What is the primary focus of epidemiology?
What is the primary focus of epidemiology?
What does herd immunity refer to?
What does herd immunity refer to?
What is included in the determinants of health?
What is included in the determinants of health?
What does case definition entail?
What does case definition entail?
What encompasses the environment in the context of health?
What encompasses the environment in the context of health?
Which of the following best describes a host?
Which of the following best describes a host?
What characterizes the field of study known as epidemiology?
What characterizes the field of study known as epidemiology?
Which factor is NOT considered part of the determinants of health?
Which factor is NOT considered part of the determinants of health?
What does the acronym PRECEDE stand for?
What does the acronym PRECEDE stand for?
What is the main purpose of the PROCEED model?
What is the main purpose of the PROCEED model?
Which of the following best describes 'predisposing factors'?
Which of the following best describes 'predisposing factors'?
How might surveys be used in the community according to the content?
How might surveys be used in the community according to the content?
What might be an appropriate criteria for selecting the number of families to include in a survey?
What might be an appropriate criteria for selecting the number of families to include in a survey?
What is a potential use of a tally sheet in community surveys?
What is a potential use of a tally sheet in community surveys?
Who developed the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?
Who developed the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?
Which methodology might some institutions utilize for their surveys?
Which methodology might some institutions utilize for their surveys?
Study Notes
Community Health Nursing Key Concepts
- Intermediate Factors: Characteristics affecting health are classified as biological (age, sex, immunity), behavioral (habits, culture), and social (attitudes, norms).
- Disease Agent: Causes of disease can include biological agents (parasites, bacteria, viruses) and chemical or physical agents.
- Environment Categories: Environment influences health and is categorized into physical, biological, and socio-economic factors.
- Host: Refers to a susceptible human affected by health agents.
Ecological Triad
- Multiple Theory of Disease Causation: Describes interactions between agents, hosts, and environments leading to disease.
- Epidemiologic Triad: Simplest form showing the relationship between an external agent, susceptible host, and enabling environment for disease transmission.
Evaluation Types
- Evaluation: Systematic assessment of program compliance and success.
- Outcome Evaluation: Gauges the extent of program's accomplishment regarding intended results and measures effects in target populations.
- Impact Evaluation: Assesses effectiveness in achieving ultimate goals through comparison of different groups or the same group over time.
Key Terminologies in Epidemiology
- Epidemiology: Study of health-related states, their distribution, and determinants in populations for controlling health issues.
- Fomites: Inanimate objects capable of harboring pathogens (e.g., contaminated air, soil, food).
- Reservoirs: Inanimate environments where pathogens can spread (air, soil, water).
Health Statistics and Organizations
- Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA): Collects and publishes statistical data on various aspects of the Philippine society.
- World Health Organization (WHO): A UN agency dedicated to global public health.
Recent Health Concerns
- Dengue Incidence: Reported to be 85% higher in early 2019 than in 2018, prompting a National Dengue Alert by the Department of Health (DOH).
- Vaccination Gaps: Decline in immunization coverage affecting susceptible populations, particularly children.
Additional Public Health Concepts
- Case Definition: Standard criteria for classifying health conditions.
- Determinants of Health: Factors influencing health include biological, chemical, social, and economic influences.
- Herd Immunity: Probability of a community developing an epidemic when exposed to an infectious agent.
- Host as Victim: The individual or group that might contract a disease.
Survey Methodology
- PRECEDE-PROCEED Model: Developed by Dr. Lawrence Green for community health program evaluation.
- Predisposing Factors: Characteristics that motivate health-related behavior, including attitudes and beliefs.
- Data Collection: Utilizes survey forms based on community needs to assess health behaviors and conditions.
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