Communicative Competence Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which component is NOT part of the model of communicative competence developed by Canale and Swain?

  • Linguistic
  • Psycholinguistic (correct)
  • Strategic
  • Sociolinguistic

In which speech style would you most likely find the phrase, 'I would like to request a meeting to discuss the proposed project in detail.'?

  • Intimate Register
  • Casual Register
  • Frozen Register
  • Formal Register (correct)

What characterizes the Frozen Register?

  • It is informal and relaxed.
  • It changes frequently over time.
  • It remains the same every time it is spoken or written. (correct)
  • It is used exclusively in academic settings.

Which of the following best describes sociolinguistic competence?

<p>Ability to know when to use different speech styles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of communicative competence as defined by Dell Hymes?

<p>Functional parts of communication across various situations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of illocutionary act involves expressing belief about the truth of a proposition?

<p>Assertives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of a commissive illocutionary act?

<p>To commit the speaker to future actions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples best illustrates a declarative illocutionary act?

<p>You are fired! (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which illocutionary act is intended to make the listener perform an action?

<p>Directive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of illocutionary act typically includes thanking or apologizing?

<p>Expressive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is an example of an assertive illocutionary act?

<p>I am the quickest runner in the team. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which illocutionary act involves making a commitment to a future action?

<p>Commissive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is a directive illocutionary act being used?

<p>I suggest we take a different route. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a locutionary act?

<p>A statement conveying factual information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example illustrates an illocutionary act?

<p>I apologize for the mistake. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do constantive illocutionary acts differ from performative acts?

<p>Constantive acts involve stating facts, whereas performative acts create an immediate change. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is an example of a performative act?

<p>I hereby declare this meeting open. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a locutionary act?

<p>Could you please pass the salt? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key element that distinguishes illocutionary acts from locutionary acts?

<p>Illocutionary acts involve intent behind the statement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When someone says, 'You are free to leave,' which type of speech act are they performing?

<p>Constantive illocutionary act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents a perlocutionary act?

<p>You made me feel welcomed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the intimate register in language use?

<p>It is characterized by personal and emotional expressions between individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a feature of consultative register?

<p>It includes unplanned speech and interaction with listeners. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phrase best exemplifies the characteristics of the intimate register?

<p>Honey, you look absolutely stunning in that dress. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the characteristics of the consultative register?

<p>It often occurs in interactive situations that seek opinions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of language is referred to when saying 'I, [name], take you, [name]' in a vow?

<p>Intimate register (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best reflects a misunderstanding of the consultative register?

<p>It should only be used among close friends. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what context is the phrase 'What do you think?' typically used?

<p>In the consultative register for feedback and discussion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the purpose of using an intimate register?

<p>To convey emotions and establish connection in personal relationships. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exemplifies a nomination communicative strategy?

<p>Good morning, class. How are you today? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the restriction communicative strategy?

<p>To confine responses to a specific range of topics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does turn-taking help achieve in a conversation?

<p>Allows each speaker a chance to contribute. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario best illustrates a perlocutionary effect?

<p>A friend complimenting you and making you feel happy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of topic control in communication?

<p>To maintain focus on relevant subjects and encourage responses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of topic shifting?

<p>Introducing a new topic and continuing to discuss it. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is commonly used to indicate one is finished speaking in a turn-taking strategy?

<p>Using visual signals like a nod. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of communicative strategies, which behavior can lead to conflicts during discussions?

<p>Ignoring non-verbal cues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example best illustrates a conversational transition for topic shifting?

<p>By the way, have you heard about the new guidelines? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the repair strategy of 'requesting clarification' involve?

<p>Using gestures to indicate confusion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'recasting' in the context of communicative strategy?

<p>Changing how a message is presented to enhance clarity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is an example of termination in communication?

<p>Thanking participants and concluding the interaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the strategy of 'not acknowledging the new situation' imply?

<p>Continuing with the current discussion without addressing change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the repair communicative strategy?

<p>Ignoring miscommunication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements represents effective use of topic shifting?

<p>In addition to that, how does this impact our next steps? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Communicative Competence

The ability to use language effectively and appropriately in different social situations. It involves understanding grammar and using the right words, but also considering the context and audience.

Formal Register

A style of speech used in professional or formal settings, characterized by proper grammar, formal vocabulary, and a serious tone.

Casual Register

A style of speech used in relaxed and informal settings, characterized by slang, informal language, and a conversational tone.

Frozen Register

A style of speech that remains unchanged over time, characterized by fixed phrases and traditional language.

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Dell Hymes (1966)

A linguist who originated the concept of "Communicative Competence." He observed that people speak differently in different situations, and his work laid the foundation for understanding how we use language effectively.

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Illocutionary Act

An act that is performed by speaking. It's not just the words themselves, but the intention behind them.

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Assertive Act

A type of illocutionary act where the speaker expresses their belief in the truth of something. This includes statements, claims, and reports.

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Directive Act

A type of illocutionary act where the speaker aims to get the listener to do something. This includes commands, requests, and suggestions.

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Commissive Act

A type of illocutionary act where the speaker commits to doing something in the future. This includes promises, plans, and vows.

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Expressive Act

A type of illocutionary act where the speaker expresses their emotions or feelings. This includes apologies, congratulations, and greetings.

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Declarative Act

A type of illocutionary act where the speaker's words bring about a change in the external situation. This includes declarations like 'I quit!' or 'You're hired!'

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Topic Shifting

Introducing a new topic and continuing the discussion on that new topic.

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Effective Transitions

Using clear phrases or signals to indicate a shift in topic during conversation.

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Repair (Communication)

Strategies used to overcome communication breakdowns and deliver clear messages.

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Requesting Clarification

Asking questions or using nonverbal cues to show you don't understand a message.

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Not Acknowledging the New Situation

Ignoring the communication breakdown and continuing the conversation as if nothing happened.

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Repeating (Communication)

Repeating a message or part of it to correct oneself or clarify a misunderstanding.

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Recasting (Communication)

Changing the form of a message to make it more understandable.

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Termination (Communication)

Ending an interaction using verbal and nonverbal cues to signal the conclusion.

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Intimate Register

A type of language used in close relationships, often in private settings.

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Consultative Register

A type of language used in professional settings, often involving advice and discussion.

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Unchangeable Language

Language in formal settings, usually in a ceremony or legal document, that is fixed and should not be altered.

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Example of Unchangeable Language

A wedding vow is a good example of unchangeable language that is often included in a formal ceremony.

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Example of Intimate Register

Using terms of endearment, like "my love" or "babe", are examples of intimate register used in close relationships.

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Example of Consultative Register

Examples of this register are asking for opinions, seeking advice, or conducting a professional interview.

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Key Feature of Consultative Register

Asking for feedback and involving the listener's participation are important aspects of this register.

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Nomination (Communication Strategy)

Introducing a topic, setting the purpose of a conversation. It's used at the beginning of an interaction.

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Restriction (Communication Strategy)

Limiting the responses within a specific set of categories. It helps keep the conversation focused.

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Turn-taking (Communication Strategy)

The process of taking turns speaking to establish a flowing conversation.

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Topic Control (Communication Strategy)

Keeping the conversation going by asking questions and encouraging participation.

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Example of Nomination

Opening a conversation with "Good morning, class. How are you today?"

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Example of Restriction

Setting a time limit for discussion: "We will have 30 minutes for this topic, and 10 minutes for questions."

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Example of Turn-taking

A participant raising their hand and saying, "Can I please add something to the discussion?"

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Speech Act

An action performed by saying something. It's not just about words but also about the intention and effect they have.

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Constantive Illocutionary Act

A speech act that makes something true or false by saying it. It's often used by someone in authority.

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Performative Illocutionary Act

A speech act where saying the words actually does something in that moment, like making a promise or saying 'I do' in a wedding.

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Examples of Constantive Illocutionary Acts

Statements that change the state of affairs, often by someone in authority. This type of act involves officially declaring, declaring, or ending something.

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Examples of Performative Illocutionary Acts

Actions that are done through saying the words themselves. It involves making commitments, taking actions, or changing a state of being.

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Study Notes

Communicative Competence

  • The ability to use language correctly in different social situations
  • Includes the correct use of the linguistic system
  • Refers to how effectively one communicates with someone else

Dell Hymes (1966)

  • Defined communicative competence
  • Explored how people use language in different situations
  • His work formed the basis of modern communicative competence

Michael Canale and Merrill Swain

  • Developed a model of communicative competence with four components
    • Linguistic competence
    • Strategic competence
    • Sociolinguistic competence
    • Discursive competence

Types of Speech Styles

  • Formal Register: Used in professional or formal settings (e.g., business meetings, official correspondence)
    • Example: "I would like to request a meeting to discuss the proposed project in detail."
  • Casual Register: Used in relaxed and informal situations (e.g., among close friends)
    • Example: "Hey, wanna grab some lunch and chat about the project later?"
  • Frozen Register: Language that has not changed over time (e.g., wedding vows).
  • Intimate Register: Used in private and special occasions between two people (e.g., intimate conversations)
  • Consultative Register: Used in professional settings, seeking advice, requiring feedback (e.g., interviews, meetings).
    • Example: "What do you think?," "How can we solve this?, "Tell me what your opinion is"

Types of Speech Acts

  • Locutionary Acts: Saying something that has meaning (e.g., "It is raining")
  • Illocutionary Acts: Saying something with a purpose or intention (e.g., "Please sit down," "I'm sorry")
    • Constantive: Making something true or false (e.g., "I name this dog Chubby")
    • Performative: Changing the situation by saying the words (e.g., "I accept the challenge")
  • Perlocutionary Acts: The effect the words have on the listener (e.g., the listener feeling scared after hearing "Fire!")

Types of Communicative Strategies

  • Nomination: Setting a purpose for the conversation (e.g., asking "Good morning, class. How are you today?")
  • Restriction: Limiting the conversation to certain topics or categories (e.g. limiting the conversation to pandemic and mental health)
  • Turn-Taking: Recognising when to speak and listen (e.g. waiting for others to finish speaking and using non-verbal cues)
  • Topic Control: Keeping the conversation going by asking questions (e.g., "That was excellent, Arlene! How about the rest of the class?")
  • Topic Shifting: Introducing a new topic (e.g., starting to talk about social media usage after discussing the topic of physical distancing)
  • Repair: Overcoming communication breakdown (e.g., requesting clarification)
  • Termination: Ending the conversation (e.g., thanking someone, and saying goodbye)

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Review of Speech Styles (ORCO- 2nd Quarter) PDF

Description

This quiz explores communicative competence, emphasizing its definition and significance in language use across various social contexts. It delves into the contributions of Dell Hymes and the model proposed by Michael Canale and Merrill Swain, as well as different speech styles like formal and casual registers.

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