Linguistic Anthropology Overview

<p>They influence how individuals are perceived and treated based on race. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The belief that one language variety is superior to others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural and social meanings ascribed to biological differences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A bias towards a homogenous spoken language maintained by dominant institutions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reinforces the institutional attribution of value to certain dialects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Who is expected to accommodate in linguistic exchanges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is linked to power and discussions of inequality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It evaluates the burden of adjusting speech in communication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Standard language is perceived as more correct and proper (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It results in societal divisions and discrimination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is arbitrary and influenced by political factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a result of institutional practices and ideologies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is less logical than standard English. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discourses promoted by media and institutions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There is reluctance to accept them and their language as functional. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How certain speech patterns are normalized or stigmatized. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mock Spanish in media and everyday speech. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All variations hold equal grammatical validity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Race is a concept based on cultural and social meanings given to perceived biological differences (like skin color), not a biological reality.

Discussions about race are often intertwined with power dynamics and historical inequalities, as those in power often define and value certain races/characteristics.

A bias towards one idealized, homogenous language variety, often based on the written language and the spoken language of the upper middle class, imposed and maintained by dominant institutions.

Using language to discriminate against people based on the idea that a particular 'standard' language is superior.

A model of language discrimination by Lippi-Green.

Focuses on who bears the linguistic burden in communication and who has the power to determine communicative success.

The responsibility for making an interaction work smoothly through linguistic adjustments.

Non-standard language variety, not spoken by the powerful.

The underlying knowledge of language rules that allows speakers to produce and understand grammar.

The idea that language influences thought, suggesting that speakers of different languages think differently due to their linguistic structures.

A time frame during childhood when language acquisition is most effective, after which it becomes increasingly difficult to learn a language fluently.

A specific way caregivers speak to babies, characterized by simplified vocabulary, high pitch, and exaggerated intonation.

The concept that certain linguistic features are considered 'marked' (unusual or less common) compared to 'unmarked' features, often reflecting societal power dynamics and assumptions about gender.

A dialect of English, often mistakenly perceived as illogical or ungrammatical, but is actually a rule-governed variety with its own structure and grammatical rules.

Beliefs about language, often unspoken, that shape how we view and use different languages and dialects. These beliefs can be tied to stereotypes and social categories.

A dialect of English that is often considered the 'correct' or 'proper' way to speak, despite being an arbitrary choice, often associated with power.

Racism that is hidden, subtle, or disguised; it's not easily identifiable by explicit acts of discrimination but shows up in language.

Language ideologies often 'naturalize' racial categories, implying that linguistic differences are inherent and part of different races rather than social constructs.

A form of language-based mockery where certain characteristics of Spanish are exaggerated or distorted for comedic or derogatory purposes, thereby highlighting racial prejudice.

A way of speaking considered 'normal' or 'neutral' in a particular social context. It frequently goes unchallenged or unnoticed.

A language style (way of speaking) that noticeably departs from what's considered normal and is therefore sometimes critiqued or challenged.