Communication Theory Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is one of the key components of Aristotle’s Modes of Persuasion?

Ethos (correct)

Pathos (correct)

Phatic communication

Laswell Model

How is communication described in relation to its irreversibility?

It leaves a lasting impression once spoken. (correct)

It can easily be taken back by the speaker.

It requires the listener to respond immediately.

It is primarily controlled by non-verbal cues.

In the context of communication, what does the term 'symbols' refer to?

Representations used to express thoughts and feelings. (correct)

Formal written communications.

Verbal cues only.

Physical tokens used in communication.

Which component is NOT part of the Laswell Model of communication?

What? – Effect Signup and view all the answers

What role does phatic communication play in interactions?

It serves to establish rapport or maintain connections. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when communication is described as proactive?

Listeners actively evaluate the content and purpose of the message. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects a common misconception about communication?

Communication can occur even without complete understanding. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component added to the Shannon-Weaver Model that affects communication?

The role of noise Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by saying that meaning in communication is individually construed?

Meaning is influenced by personal experiences and context. Signup and view all the answers

In Schramm's Model, what roles do communicators adopt?

Encoder, Interpreter, and Decoder Signup and view all the answers

Which type of noise is related to external factors that distract the listener?

External Noise Signup and view all the answers

What does the field of experience influence in communication models?

The understanding and interpretation of messages Signup and view all the answers

Which type of noise is characterized by ambiguous language?

Semantic Noise Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference between the Shannon-Weaver Model and interactive models of communication?

The Shannon-Weaver Model is purely linear Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental components are included in Berlo's Model of Communication?

Source, Message, Channel, Receiver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes Wood's Transactional Model of Communication?

Senders and receivers are interchanged as communicators. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of communication noise, what does physiological noise refer to?

Biological function-related interference Signup and view all the answers

Which model of communication emphasizes the roles of encoder, interpreter, and decoder?

Schramm's Model Signup and view all the answers

What aspect did Berlo add to his model to give it a human dimension?

Five senses for decoding messages Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the main characteristic of transactional models of communication?

Communicators exchange messages simultaneously. Signup and view all the answers

In Eugene White's model, what is a key feature of effective oral communication?

It incorporates emotional expression. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic element in Berlo's SMCR model?

Feedback Signup and view all the answers

What role do the skills, attitudes, knowledge, social systems, and culture play in Berlo's model?

They are factors affecting both source and receiver. Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the Speech Communication Transaction Model?

Raymie McKerrow Signup and view all the answers

Which element of communication refers to the recipient of the message?

Receiver Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'encoding' refer to in the context of communication?

Transforming thoughts into a perceivable format Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a barrier to effective communication?

Feedback Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the 7 C's of Effective Communication, which aspect emphasizes respect for the audience's values?

Courtesy Signup and view all the answers

What does 'context' refer to in the elements of communication?

The physical and social environment of communication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following attributes does NOT belong to the 7 C's of Effective Communication?

Consistency Signup and view all the answers

What role does communication play in decision-making according to the functions of communication?

It facilitates information sharing. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is responsible for producing and sending a message in communication?

Speaker Signup and view all the answers

What factor does NOT influence how communication resolves conflict?

The presence of a mediator Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes communication as a process?

A continuous and evolving interaction that can lead to misunderstandings Signup and view all the answers

Which model of communication is characterized as a one-way process?

Linear Model Signup and view all the answers

What does NOT characterize the Aristotelian Model of Communication?

Is primarily utilized in interpersonal communication Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about communication?

It is a complex process involving multiple elements Signup and view all the answers

How does the context play a role in communication?

It affects the interpretation and response to a message Signup and view all the answers

What element is NOT part of the communication process?

Context Signup and view all the answers

What does communication not typically achieve in its simplest form?

Creating conflicts Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Defining Communication

The exchange of information, concepts, and opinions between individuals, regardless of context
A continuous process involving multiple factors
Systemic, meaning it is part of a larger system with its own patterns
Involves communicators who actively create meaning
Irreversible, as any message sent has lasting consequences
Proactive, as both communicators actively analyze the message and the sender's credibility
Symbolic, as symbols are used to express thoughts and feelings
Meaning is individually interpreted through experiences and schemas

Communication Myths

Communication doesn't always require complete understanding
Communication cannot always solve conflict
No single person or event solely determines another's reaction
Communication is complex and not always simple

Models of Communication

Linear Models

One-way process where the message travels in a single direction
Examples include: Aristotle's Model, Laswell's Model, Shannon-Weaver Model, Berlo's Model

Aristotle's Model

Speaker-centered model, where the speaker holds control
Focuses on the speaker, the message (logos, pathos, ethos) and the audience
Commonly observed in public speaking

Laswell's Model

Five components: who (communicator), says what (message), through what channel (medium), to whom (receiver), with what effect (effect)
Includes channel (print media, broadcast media)

Shannon-Weaver Model

Includes noise, which can disrupt the flow of communication
Includes the information source, transmitter, receiver, destination, and noise

Berlo's Model

Known as the SMCR model (Source, Message, Channel, Receiver)
Includes human dimension in the channel, with the 5 senses involved in decoding
Suggests that the source and receiver are influenced by skills, attitudes, knowledge, social systems, and culture

Interactive Models

Recognizes the receiver's role in communication
Two-way process with feedback involved
Examples: Schramm's Model, White's Model

Schramm's Model

Communicators take on the roles of encoder, interpreter, and decoder
Focuses on the overlap in field of experience between communicators (culture, social background, beliefs, experiences, values, rules)

White's Model

Recognizes feedback as a part of the communication process
Presents a sequential and cyclical communication process
Includes 8 stages of oral communication

Transactional Models

Communicators exchange messages simultaneously
Most accurate model
Examples: Wood's Transactional Model, Speech Communication Transaction Model

Wood's Transactional Model

Communication viewed as a dynamic process
Communicators are influenced by context, background, and relationships
Feedback can be verbal or nonverbal

Speech Communication Transaction Model

Includes 7 elements: the speaker, listeners, message feedback, channel, situation, and cultural context
Situation refers to the physical environment and social context
Cultural context deals with the cultural rituals, rules, and norms

Functions of Communication

Control: Used to manage the behavior of individuals in an organization
Social Interaction: Communication facilitates social connections and relationships
Motivation: Used to encourage individuals to achieve goals
Emotional Expression: Allows for sharing of thoughts and feelings
Information Dissemination: Provides information for decision-making and problem-solving

7 C's of Effective Communication

Completeness: Includes all necessary information
Conciseness: Direct and to the point
Consideration: Takes into account the receiver's needs and background
Concreteness: Backed by facts, figures, and examples
Courtesy: Shows respect for the receiver's values and beliefs
Clearness: Uses simple and specific language
Correctness: Demonstrates proper grammar usage

Elements of Communication

Speaker: Originator of the message
Message: Information transmitted by the speaker
Encoding: Converting thoughts into a communicable form
Context: The setting of the communication
Channel: The medium used to transmit the message
Barriers: Obstacles to effective communication
Receiver: Recipient of the message
Decoding: Interpreting the received message
Feedback: Receiver's response to the message

Oral Communication

This refers to the act of communicating using words
It is an active process of sending and receiving information
Requires effective listening and speaking skills
It is influenced by various factors including:
- Culture
- Social context
- The individual's emotions and beliefs
Oral communication is a vital part of human interaction and plays a crucial role in building relationships, sharing information and influencing others.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of communication, including definitions, myths, and models. Understand how information is exchanged, the complexity of interactions, and the irreversible nature of communication. Discover various communication models like linear approaches.