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Questions and Answers
Which component is responsible for converting the transmitted signal back into its original form?
Which component is responsible for converting the transmitted signal back into its original form?
- Transmitter
- Receiver (correct)
- Modulator
- Amplifier
The modulator prepares the original signal for transmission by increasing its amplitude.
The modulator prepares the original signal for transmission by increasing its amplitude.
False (B)
What is the primary role of an amplifier in a communication system?
What is the primary role of an amplifier in a communication system?
To increase the amplitude or strength of the transmitted signal.
A ______ converts audio signals into electrical signals.
A ______ converts audio signals into electrical signals.
Match the following components to their functions in a communication system:
Match the following components to their functions in a communication system:
What does a transducer do?
What does a transducer do?
An antenna is used solely in transmitters.
An antenna is used solely in transmitters.
Identify one type of information that can be transmitted in a communication system.
Identify one type of information that can be transmitted in a communication system.
Which of the following is a major channel impairment affecting signal performance?
Which of the following is a major channel impairment affecting signal performance?
Attenuation increases as the signal distance through the medium decreases.
Attenuation increases as the signal distance through the medium decreases.
What is the purpose of a demodulator?
What is the purpose of a demodulator?
A ___ is used to amplify the signal and help reduce attenuation.
A ___ is used to amplify the signal and help reduce attenuation.
What does a receiver do?
What does a receiver do?
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Digital signals are more prone to attenuation than analog signals.
Digital signals are more prone to attenuation than analog signals.
Describe what a fiber optic communication system does.
Describe what a fiber optic communication system does.
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of modulation?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of modulation?
Modulation allows the use of multiplexing.
Modulation allows the use of multiplexing.
What is the term used for the signal that results from the modulation process?
What is the term used for the signal that results from the modulation process?
Amplitude modulation is often abbreviated as _____
Amplitude modulation is often abbreviated as _____
Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:
What must the carrier frequency $f_c$ be in relation to the modulating frequency $f_m$?
What must the carrier frequency $f_c$ be in relation to the modulating frequency $f_m$?
Power wastage occurs as a disadvantage of modulation.
Power wastage occurs as a disadvantage of modulation.
Name one disadvantage of using amplitude modulation.
Name one disadvantage of using amplitude modulation.
What is one advantage of superheterodyne receivers?
What is one advantage of superheterodyne receivers?
Wired networks generally offer higher reliability and lower latency compared to wireless networks.
Wired networks generally offer higher reliability and lower latency compared to wireless networks.
What type of medium is used in wired networks?
What type of medium is used in wired networks?
Superheterodyne receivers generate ______ frequencies, which are signals appearing at twice the IF distance from the desired RF signal.
Superheterodyne receivers generate ______ frequencies, which are signals appearing at twice the IF distance from the desired RF signal.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of superheterodyne receivers?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of superheterodyne receivers?
In wireless networks, electromagnetic or ______ waves are used for transmission.
In wireless networks, electromagnetic or ______ waves are used for transmission.
Match the following features with the correct type of network:
Match the following features with the correct type of network:
Superheterodyne receivers can only be used for specific modulation schemes.
Superheterodyne receivers can only be used for specific modulation schemes.
What is a disadvantage of wired networks?
What is a disadvantage of wired networks?
Wireless networks offer a higher level of security compared to wired networks.
Wireless networks offer a higher level of security compared to wired networks.
What type of connection does Ethernet use to transmit data?
What type of connection does Ethernet use to transmit data?
A ______ network can be accessed from practically anywhere in a business.
A ______ network can be accessed from practically anywhere in a business.
Match the following network types with their characteristics:
Match the following network types with their characteristics:
What is a reason users may prefer WiFi over Ethernet?
What is a reason users may prefer WiFi over Ethernet?
Setting up a wireless network typically requires more infrastructure than setting up a wired network.
Setting up a wireless network typically requires more infrastructure than setting up a wired network.
What can interfere with wireless network signals?
What can interfere with wireless network signals?
What is the primary function of the Base Station Controller (BSC)?
What is the primary function of the Base Station Controller (BSC)?
Mobile Equipment (ME) can be mounted onto vehicles.
Mobile Equipment (ME) can be mounted onto vehicles.
What unique identifier is assigned to Mobile Equipment (ME)?
What unique identifier is assigned to Mobile Equipment (ME)?
The smart card that contains the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number is called a _____
The smart card that contains the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number is called a _____
Match the following GSM architecture components with their descriptions:
Match the following GSM architecture components with their descriptions:
Which subsystem is considered part of the Base Station Subsystem (BSS)?
Which subsystem is considered part of the Base Station Subsystem (BSS)?
The Equipment Identity Registry (EIR) is responsible for managing the radio transmission paths.
The Equipment Identity Registry (EIR) is responsible for managing the radio transmission paths.
What is the role of the Home Location Register (HLR) in the GSM architecture?
What is the role of the Home Location Register (HLR) in the GSM architecture?
Flashcards
Information
Information
The information to be transmitted, such as audio, video, temperature, pressure, etc.
Signal
Signal
A time-varying electrical signal carrying the information, representing the original message in a suitable form for transmission.
Transducer
Transducer
A device that converts one form of energy to another, often converting a physical variable into an electrical signal.
Amplifier
Amplifier
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Modulation
Modulation
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Transmitter
Transmitter
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Antenna
Antenna
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Receiver
Receiver
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Channel
Channel
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Noise
Noise
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Attenuation
Attenuation
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Distortion
Distortion
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Repeaters
Repeaters
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Fiber Optic Communication
Fiber Optic Communication
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Superheterodyne Receiver
Superheterodyne Receiver
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Selectivity
Selectivity
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Sensitivity
Sensitivity
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Frequency Stability
Frequency Stability
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Image Frequency
Image Frequency
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Wired Network
Wired Network
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Wireless Network
Wireless Network
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Latency
Latency
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Amplitude Modulation (AM)
Amplitude Modulation (AM)
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Carrier Frequency vs. Modulating Frequency
Carrier Frequency vs. Modulating Frequency
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Modulated wave
Modulated wave
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Multiplexing
Multiplexing
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Smaller antenna size
Smaller antenna size
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Reduced noise and interference
Reduced noise and interference
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Increased communication range
Increased communication range
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Ethernet
Ethernet
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WiFi
WiFi
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Wired Network Security
Wired Network Security
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Wireless Network Security
Wireless Network Security
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Wireless Network Interference
Wireless Network Interference
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GSM Network
GSM Network
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Mobile Equipment (ME)
Mobile Equipment (ME)
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Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
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Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
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Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
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Base Station Controller (BSC)
Base Station Controller (BSC)
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Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
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Home Location Register (HLR)
Home Location Register (HLR)
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Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
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Study Notes
Module IV: Modern Electronics and its Applications
- Communication system describes information exchange between two points.
- Transmission and reception of information is called communication.
- Key elements: Transmitter, Channel (medium), and Receiver.
- Communication systems are classified as Analogue and Digital, depending on signal characteristics or technology.
Analogue Technology
- Communicates data as electronic signals with varying frequency or amplitude.
- Examples: Broadcast and telephone transmission.
Digital Technology
- Data is generated and processed in two states: High (1) and Low (0).
- Data is stored and transmitted in the form of 1s and 0s.
Wired Communication Systems
- Line communication
- Parallel wire communication
- Twisted wire communication
- Coaxial cable communication
- Optical fibre communication
Wireless Communication Systems
- Space communication
- Ground wave communication
- Skywave communication
- Space wave communication
- Satellite communication
Communication System Block Diagram
- Shows the flow of information from source to destination, including signal processing stages.
- Includes information source, input transducer, amplifier, modulator, transmitter antenna, channel, receiver antenna, receiver, output transducer, and information destination.
Elements of a Communication System
- Information: The message or data to be transmitted (e.g., audio, video, data).
- Signal: The single-valued function of time that carries the information.
- Transducer: Device that converts one form of energy to another (e.g., microphone converts sound to electrical signals; photodetector converts light to electrical signals).
- Amplifier: Increases the amplitude/strength of a signal.
- Modulator: Superimposes a message signal onto a higher frequency carrier signal.
- Transmitter: Processes the message signal into a suitable form for transmission.
- Antenna: Radiates and receives electromagnetic waves.
- Channel: Physical medium for signal transmission (e.g., wires, cables, air).
- Noise: Interference affecting the signal.
- Attenuation: Loss of signal strength during transmission.
- Distortion: Change in the shape of the signal during transmission.
- Receiver: Processes the received signal to extract the original information.
- Demodulator: Separates the message signal from the carrier wave.
Fiber Optic Communication System
- Transmits information using light pulses through optical fibers.
- Components: Information source, electrical signal generator, modulator, optical source (e.g., LED or laser diode), optical coupler, optical fiber cable, optical amplifiers, and repeaters (if needed), optical detector, demodulator, and output device.
Modulation
- Process of varying some characteristic (amplitude, frequency, or phase) of a carrier wave in accordance with a message signal.
- Types: Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM), Phase Modulation (PM).
Advantages of Modulation
- Reduces antenna size.
- Reduces cost of wires.
- Prevents signal mixing.
- Improves communication range.
- Improves reception quality.
- Enables bandwidth adjustment.
Disadvantages of Modulation
- Higher equipment cost.
- More complex equipment.
- Less efficient for wide bandwidths.
- Power wastage.
Superheterodyne Receiver
- A receiver that converts the received signal to a fixed intermediate frequency (IF).
- Components: Receiving antenna, RF amplifier, mixer, local oscillator, IF amplifier, demodulator, and audio amplifier.
- Advantages of Superheterodyne:
- Improved sensitivity
- Improved selectivity
- Easier frequency stability
- Disadvantages:
- More complex
GSM Architecture
- Consists of three main interconnected subsystems: Base Station Subsystem (BSS), Network Switching Subsystem (NSS), and Operational Support Subsystem (OSS).
- Mobile Station (MS) is considered part of BSS.
- Components within the BSS include Base Transceiver Station(BTS), and Base Station Controller(BSC)
- Components within the NSS include Home Location Register(HLR), Visitor Location Register(VLR), Authentication Centre, and Equipment Identity Registry(EIR).
- Components within the OSS manage various functionalities, such as call set-up, routing, basic switching, billing, mobility, etc,.
IoT (Internet of Things) Applications
- Smart homes (automation, appliances).
- Healthcare (remote patient monitoring, wearable devices).
- Agriculture (crop monitoring, precision farming, livestock monitoring).
- Industrial IoT (predictive maintenance, asset tracking, supply chain optimization).
Digital Multimeter (DMM)
- Measures electrical quantities (voltage, current, resistance, frequency etc).
- Types: Scalable and auto-ranging.
- Components:
- Constant current source
- Rotary switch to select measurements
- Probes
- Buffer amplifier
- Calibrated attenuator
- Current-to-voltage converter (I-V Converter)
- Rectifier circuit
- Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
- Advantages: -Stored, multifunction, auto range
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of communication systems, including the roles of various components like modulators, amplifiers, and transducers. Explore how signals are processed and the different types of impairments that can affect signal performance. This quiz is designed for students studying communication technology.
