Communication Process and Models

The Communication Process

• The communication process involves a sender, receiver, message, channel, and feedback.
• The channel is the medium through which the message is transmitted, such as a telephone, a letter, or the internet.
• Feedback can be verbal or nonverbal and is the receiver's response to the message.

Communication Models

• Linear models are one-way communication, where the sender sends a message and the receiver only receives it.
• Transactional models are two-way communication, where feedback is a new message that starts another communication process.
• Interactional models are similar to transactional models but used for a wider audience like the internet, where feedback may take longer due to wider coverage.

Aristotle's Model of Communication

• Focuses on public speaking with the goal of persuasion.
• Includes five elements: speaker, speech, occasion, audience, and effect.

Shannon-Weaver's Model of Communication

• Developed for telephone communication but applicable to other communication situations.
• Includes five components: information source, transmitter,receiver, destination, and noise.
• Noise is anything that interferes with or distorts the intended meaning of communication.
• Noise can be physical, psychological, physiological, or semantic.

Schramm's Communication Model

• Interactive model highlighting the process and interaction in communication.
• Emphasizes encoding and decoding of messages by the sender and receiver.

Language Register

• Refers to the level of formality of spoken or written language.
• Casual register is informal language used amongst peers and friends, often including slang and colloquialisms.
• Intimate register is used for private communication between close individuals, such as couples, very close friends, or family members.
• Frozen register is rarely or never changes and is considered static, such as the Pledge of Allegiance or a hymn.
• Formal register is used in formal settings and is one-way, such as presentations, academic papers, or speeches.
• Consultative register is standard communication used in professional discourse or with strangers, showcasing two-way communication, such as conversations between teacher and student or doctor and patient.

Types of Speech Styles

• Each person possesses a unique speech style that varies based on communication purposes and life orientations.
• Intimate style is used among intimate family members, lovers, or close friends, featuring short utterances and relaxed grammar.
• Casual style is the most common speech style used among friends and coworkers, including slang, interruptions, and animated speech.
• Consultative style is used for business and professional relationships, characterized by short sentences and spontaneous language.
• Formal style is used in formal settings and is marked by polished language, a clear structure, and standard grammar.
• Frozen style rarely changes and is used for specific purposes like rituals or ceremonies.

Code-switching

• Shifting from one register or speech style to another based on the context.
• Demonstrates flexibility and competence in communication.

Improving Compositions

General Recommendations

• Make ideas relatable to the audience.
• Use concrete examples.
• Share personal experiences.
• Make the presentation interactive.
• Conduct thorough research.
• Provide accurate information.

Writing Recommendations

• Logical Organization of Ideas: Ensure a clear structure with an introduction, body, and conclusion.
• Appropriateness of Word Choice: Choose words tailored to the audience, considering their age, profession, culture, and purpose.
• Accuracy in Spelling, Capitalization, Punctuation, and Grammar: Consult dictionaries and online resources to ensure accuracy.

This quiz explores the fundamental aspects of the communication process, including key elements such as sender, receiver, and feedback. It delves into various communication models including linear, transactional, and interactional models. Additionally, it covers Aristotle's and Shannon-Weaver's models to highlight effective communication strategies.