Communication Process and Barriers
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Questions and Answers

What type of conflict arises from disagreements about how work should be done?

  • Intragroup conflict
  • Dynamic conflict
  • Process conflict (correct)
  • Intergroup conflict
  • Which type of conflict occurs within a group or team?

  • Intragroup conflict (correct)
  • Structural conflict
  • Personal conflict
  • Dynamic conflict
  • What can escalate a process conflict into a relationship conflict?

  • Open communication
  • Effective delegation of roles
  • Defined responsibilities
  • Poor conflict management (correct)
  • Which of the following is a common barrier to effective communication that can lead to conflict?

    <p>Semantic difficulties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT typically categorized as a condition leading to conflict?

    <p>Emotional intelligence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of negative emotions during a conflict?

    <p>Clouded judgment affecting communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can create structural conflicts?

    <p>Improper task assignment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can blaming others during a conflict affect the situation?

    <p>It escalates the conflict. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a positive outcome of managing conflict effectively?

    <p>Clarifying goals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of conflict focuses primarily on interpersonal issues?

    <p>Relationship Conflict (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of organizational issues is linked to strained employee relationships?

    <p>60-80% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes functional conflict from dysfunctional conflict?

    <p>Functional conflict improves performance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of nonverbal communication can vary across cultures and lead to misunderstandings?

    <p>Volume of voice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of conflict involves disagreements about work content and goals?

    <p>Task Conflict (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a Japanese student feel uncomfortable in a conversation with American or Italian students?

    <p>Close proximity and loud voice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of dysfunctional conflict in the workplace?

    <p>Hinders group performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of using formal records in communication?

    <p>They are ideal for showing recognition or gratitude. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of young adults spend their media consumption time on digital platforms?

    <p>47% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is visual communication considered essential?

    <p>Visuals can be processed significantly faster than text. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the responsible use guidelines for social media related to personal branding?

    <p>It emphasizes maintaining a professional image. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For routine messages, which communication method is recommended?

    <p>Email or text (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of communicator prefers structured and data-driven communication?

    <p>Analytical Communicators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of intuitive communicators?

    <p>They prefer high-level and concise communication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When dealing with complex or sensitive topics, which communication method is advisable?

    <p>Face-to-face or video discussions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of an instrumental climate in an organizational culture?

    <p>Guiding decision-making by personal interests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical climate category emphasizes the importance of external moral standards in decision-making?

    <p>Law and code climate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential negative consequence of having a strong organizational culture?

    <p>Suppression of diversity and innovation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sustainability in an organization should primarily be treated as:

    <p>A core value integrated within the organizational culture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Barriers to change in an organization may arise due to:

    <p>Strongly entrenched culture inhibiting new ideas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical climate category would most likely prioritize decisions that benefit the majority of stakeholders?

    <p>Caring climate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of mergers and acquisitions, a major risk factor is:

    <p>Cultural clashes between organizations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of ethical climate theory (ECT)?

    <p>To categorize and measure ethical dimensions in cultures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which culture type emphasizes a friendly and collaborative environment?

    <p>Clan Culture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of Adhocracy Culture?

    <p>Innovation and risk-taking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which culture type do leaders act as coordinators and organizers?

    <p>Hierarchy Culture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organizational culture is driven by achieving measurable goals?

    <p>Market Culture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of leadership style is typical in Clan Culture?

    <p>Mentor or parent-like (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which culture type prioritizes stability and control?

    <p>Hierarchy Culture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining trait of Market Culture?

    <p>Results-driven competitiveness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization culture is most likely to encourage employees to take risks?

    <p>Adhocracy Culture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary assumption of the rational decision-making model?

    <p>All relevant options are identified without bias. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do emotions play in decision-making according to the research by neuroscientist Antonio Damasio?

    <p>They guide choices rather than logic. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one recommended strategy to improve decision-making?

    <p>Gather information on all options available. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can decision fatigue impact the quality of decisions?

    <p>It lowers decision quality in the afternoon. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept describes the practice of settling for an option that is 'good enough'?

    <p>Satisficing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of having too many options when making decisions?

    <p>It can lead to information overload. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'bounded rationality' in decision-making?

    <p>People simplify problems to focus on essential features. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does sleep have on decision-making according to the information provided?

    <p>It helps restore clarity and reduces bias. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Social Media Communication Benefits (External)

    Connects companies with customers through advertising.

    Social Media Communication Benefits (Internal)

    Allows quick internal updates and informal communication.

    Responsible Social Media Use

    Maintain a professional online presence, avoid sharing sensitive info, and be transparent about your role.

    Routine Messages

    Simple, clear messages best communicated through email or text.

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    Non-routine Messages

    Complex or sensitive topics best communicated through richer channels like face-to-face or video.

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    Analytical Communicators

    Data-driven and logical communicators, preferring structured, fact-based communication.

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    Intuitive Communicators

    Big-picture thinkers who favor concise, high-level communication.

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    Channel Selection

    Choosing the right communication method (email, text, video, etc.) depends on the message's complexity and importance.

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    Cross-cultural communication challenges

    Differences in nonverbal communication styles (e.g., personal space, volume) between cultures may cause misunderstandings.

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    Conflict definition

    Conflict occurs when one party feels negatively impacted or about-to-be-impacted by another, often due to disagreements over goals, interpretations, or resources.

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    Functional conflict

    Conflict that supports group goals and improves performance—like productive debates that lead to better outcomes.

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    Dysfunctional conflict

    Conflict that hinders group performance—a struggle for personal power that distracts from tasks.

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    Task conflict

    Disagreements about work content or goals, like resource allocation, procedures, or facts interpretations.

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    Relationship conflict

    Conflict focused on interpersonal issues, often dysfunctional and emotionally taxing due to personality clashes.

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    Workplace conflict categories

    Conflict can be categorized into task, relationship, and process conflicts, highlighting various sources of disagreement in the workplace.

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    Conflict management benefits

    Effective conflict management leads to positive outcomes, such as clarifying goals, increasing creativity, and fostering stronger relationships.

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    Ethical Climate

    The shared perception of what's considered right and wrong within an organization.

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    Instrumental Climate

    Decisions prioritize personal gain and self-interest.

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    Caring Climate

    Decisions aim to benefit the most stakeholders possible, promoting a sense of community.

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    Sustainability

    Practices that can be maintained long-term without harming the environment or social systems.

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    Institutionalization

    When a strong culture becomes more important than the organization's original goals.

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    Barriers to Change

    An entrenched culture can resist new ideas and make it difficult to adapt to changing environments.

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    Barriers to Diversity

    A strong culture can discourage diversity by pressuring new employees to conform.

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    Culture as a Liability

    A strong culture can become a disadvantage when it hinders effectiveness and growth.

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    Process Conflict

    Disagreements about how work should be done, including delegation and roles. It can lead to team members feeling excluded and escalate into relationship conflicts if not managed well.

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    Dynamic Conflict

    Conflict between two individuals.

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    Intragroup Conflict

    Conflict within a group or team.

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    Intergroup Conflict

    Conflict between groups or teams.

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    Conflict & Communication: Emotions

    Emotional responses during conflict can cloud judgment, making communication unclear and leading to assumptions of bad intentions.

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    Conflict & Communication: Framing

    Our personal experiences, values and culture influence our perception of situations during conflict.

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    Conflict & Communication: Pattern

    Habitual communication styles during conflict, even if unconscious, can create harmful patterns.

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    Conflict & Communication: Blaming

    During conflict, blaming others for their actions assumes they are intentionally harmful, escalating the conflict.

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    Clan Culture

    A collaborative environment with strong teamwork, loyalty, and tradition. Focuses on employee development and long-term benefits.

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    Adhocracy Culture

    A dynamic and innovative culture that values risk-taking and creativity. Focuses on growth through unique products or services.

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    Hierarchy Culture

    A formal and structured environment with clear rules and procedures. Focuses on efficiency and long-term success through dependable operations.

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    Market Culture

    A competitive and results-driven environment focused on achieving measurable goals and market success. Leaders are demanding and prioritize winning.

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    Internal Focus

    Prioritizing internal matters like employee development, teamwork, and organizational processes.

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    External Focus

    Prioritizing external factors like market competition, customer needs, and industry trends.

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    Flexibility

    Encouraging adaptability and experimentation. Adapting to change and embracing new ideas.

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    Stability

    Prioritizing consistency, predictability, and control within the organization. Following established processes and rules.

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    Rational Decision Making

    A model assuming decision-makers have complete information, identify all options unbiasedly, and choose the option with the highest utility.

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    Emotional Impact on Decisions

    Emotions significantly influence choices, even in situations where logic seems dominant.

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    Gather Information

    To make better decisions, understand all available options and relevant details.

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    Manage Biases and Emotions

    Reflect on how feelings affect your decisions and address potential biases.

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    Fewer Options, Better Decisions

    Too many choices overwhelm; simplifying options (1-3) makes decision-making easier.

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    Bounded Rationality

    Individuals use simplified models to make decisions due to limited information-processing capacity.

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    Satisficing

    Choosing the first 'good enough' option instead of searching for the optimal solution.

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    Decision Fatigue

    Lower decision quality in the afternoon due to mental exhaustion.

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    Study Notes

    Communication Process

    • Communication involves transferring a message from a sender to a receiver.
    • Effective communication requires accurate interpretation of the message.
    • Sender initiates the message by encoding thoughts.
    • Sender chooses a communication channel (e.g., spoken words, email).
    • Receiver decodes the message.
    • Feedback confirms understanding or provides input.
    • Noise is any barrier to communication (e.g., cultural differences, distractions).
    • Communication apprehension is undue tension or anxiety communicated.

    Communication Channels

    • Formal channels are structured for professional purposes.
    • Informal channels are spontaneous and personal.
    • Channel richness refers to a medium's ability to convey information (e.g., face-to-face communication).

    Barriers to Effective Communication

    • Filtering is manipulating information favorably.
    • Selective perception focuses on information consistent with beliefs.
    • Information overload is an excess of information.
    • Emotions influence the interpretation of messages.

    Types of Communication

    • Face-to-face communication uses verbal and nonverbal cues.
    • Remote communication uses email, video calls, phone calls, and messaging.
    • Written communication includes letters, memos, or handwritten notes.
    • Social media communication utilizes platforms like Facebook, LinkedIn, and others.

    Organizational Communication

    • Downward communication is from manager to employee.
    • Upward communication is from employee to manager.
    • Lateral communication is between employees at the same level.
    • Formal communication networks use chain, wheel, or all-channel structures.

    The Grapevine

    • The grapevine is an informal communication network within an organization.
    • To manage it positively, managers need clear communication.

    Email Etiquette

    • Use topic-relevant, concise subject lines.
    • Keep sentences, paragraphs short and structured.
    • Reply within 24 hours.

    Nonverbal Communication

    • Nonverbal communication conveys messages without words.
    • Nonverbal cues include body language, facial expressions, etc.

    Communication Styles (Lewis)

    • Linear-active: Cool, logical, decisive.
    • Multi-active: Warm, impulsive, contact-oriented.
    • Reactive: Accommodating, non-confrontational.

    Conflict and Negotiation

    • Conflict arises when perceived negatively affecting something someone cares about.
    • Functional conflict improves performance, while dysfunctional conflict hinders it.
    • Workplace conflict types include task, relationship, and process conflicts.
    • Conflict loci include dynamic, intragroup, and intergroup conflict.
    • Conflict leading conditions include communication, structure, and personal variables.
    • For managing conflict, managers should focus, problem solving and communication.

    Organizational Culture

    • Organizational culture is shared meaning within a company.
    • Culture characteristics include innovation, attention to detail, outcome-orientation, people orientation, team orientation, aggressiveness, and stability.
    • Strong cultures have deeply ingrained, widely shared values.
    • Weak cultures have little consensus on organizational values.

    Ethical Decision Criteria

    • Utilitarianism: Maximizing overall happiness/good.
    • Rights: Respecting fundamental human rights.
    • Justice: Ensuring fairness and equity.
    • Care: Focusing on relationships and well-being.

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    Description

    Explore the intricacies of the communication process, from encoding and decoding messages to understanding feedback and the impact of noise. This quiz will also delve into various communication channels and the barriers that can impede effective communication. Test your knowledge on how to communicate effectively in different contexts.

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