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Questions and Answers
What role does feedback play in the Osgood-Schramm model?
In the Osgood-Schramm model, who are considered interpreters of the message?
Which of the following is NOT a type of non-verbal communication?
Which type of communication uses audio or visual signals?
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What does semantics deal with in verbal communication?
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Which term is related to the study of how words are constructed in a language?
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What aspect of communication does pragmatics touch upon?
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Which of these terms refers to the language of time in non-verbal communication?
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What primarily guides individuals and organizations in distinguishing right from wrong?
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Which type of ethical code is focused on the behavior of employees within an organization?
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Which principle is NOT emphasized in ethical communication?
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What defines Deontological Ethics?
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What does freedom of expression protect in terms of information?
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Which of the following is NOT a limitation of ethical freedom of expression?
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Utilitarian Ethics primarily evaluates actions based on:
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Which of the following best describes a Code of Practice?
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How does globalization affect airfare and travel?
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What element is considered essential for ethical communication?
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What is a significant feature of globalization as an economic concept?
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Which statement reflects a social impact of globalization?
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Which principle related to ethical communication helps support civil society?
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What does ethical freedom of expression require individuals to avoid?
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What role does the Internet play in the context of globalization?
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Why is it important to balance freedom of expression with societal needs?
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What is a primary disadvantage of distributing paper handouts too early in a presentation?
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What is an essential consideration when using artifacts or props during a presentation?
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Which guideline is important for producing high-quality visual images?
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What is one of the recommended tips for giving great online presentations?
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Why is it advised to keep slides simple during a presentation?
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What should be included in the introduction of a presentation?
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Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for delivering a good presentation?
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What is one purpose of using visual aids during a presentation?
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Which type of visual aid is most commonly used in presentations?
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What is an essential component of the conclusion in a presentation?
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Which statement about practicing a presentation is correct?
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Why is it important to indicate the sequence of ideas in the body of a presentation?
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What is a recommended method for maintaining audience engagement during a presentation?
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Study Notes
Communication Models
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The Osgood-Schramm model (1954) emphasizes the importance of the interpreter (both sender and receiver) in understanding and decoding messages.
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This model highlights the concept of "semantic noise," which refers to the various interpretations drawn from the message by the sender and receiver.
Non-Verbal Communication
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Non-verbal communication relies on visual and audio signals to convey messages without using language or speech.
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It encompasses five main types:
- Kinesics: the language of body movements
- Proxemics: the language of space
- Haptics: the language of touch
- Chronemics: the language of time
- Appearance: the language of looks
Verbal Communication
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Involves the use of spoken or written language to transmit messages.
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It encompasses five main branches:
- Phonology: the study of sound in language, including its organization and structure
- Semantics: deals with the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences, including denotations (dictionary meaning) and connotations (associated meaning)
- Morphology: focuses on the formation of words, which can be either content or function words
- Syntax: studies how words are combined to form grammatically correct sentences
- Pragmatics: examines how language is used in different contexts and situations
Communication Ethics
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Communication ethics emphasize the moral influence on individuals, groups, and organizations, impacting their communication behavior.
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It values goodness and ethical considerations in various aspects of communication interaction.
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Observing ethical communication principles is vital for fostering desirable behavior and promoting accuracy, honesty, truthfulness, and reason in communication.
Principles Of Ethical Communication
- Emphasize accuracy, honesty, truthfulness, and reason as crucial to reliable communication.
- Endorse freedom of expression, diversity of perspectives, and tolerance for dissent to support informed and responsible decision-making in society.
- Encourage understanding and valuing other communicators before evaluating or reacting to their messages.
Types Of Ethical Approaches
- Deontological Ethics: Focuses on universal principles and adherence to rules, regardless of consequences.
- Utilitarian Ethics: Emphasizes the outcome and whether it benefits the majority. It considers consequences crucial to determining moral actions.
- Manipulative-Exploitative Ethics: Involves actions aimed at gaining compliance through exploitation and coercion.
Freedom Of Expression
- Is a fundamental human right, encompassing the freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and opinions.
- It is protected internationally by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
- Freedom of expression is used in various contexts, including seeking answers and expressing opinions.
Ethical Freedom Of Expression
- Must be balanced against society's need to maintain order, protect the general welfare, and promote public morality.
- Limits on freedom of expression include restrictions on harmful speech.
- People should refrain from hate speech, which involves using derogatory and offensive language to denigrate others based on characteristics like race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation.
Globalization
- Refers to the interconnectedness and interdependence of nations and peoples due to the ease of movement of goods, people, and ideas across borders.
- Involves economic concepts: the integration of markets, trade, and investments with few barriers to the flow of goods and services between countries.
- Also encompasses cultural elements: the exchange and integration of ideas and traditions across cultures.
Effects Of Globalization
- Increased global travel due to lower airfare.
- Migration of people for work or living abroad.
- Greater access to goods and services from around the world through multinational companies and foreign investment.
- Enhanced global communication and information exchange through the internet.
Giving Effective Presentations
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Planning:
- Identify and understand your audience.
- Define the key information to be communicated.
- Develop a clear structure for your presentation.
- Select relevant visual aids to enhance understanding.
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Preparation:
- Prepare your presentation using a format that includes introduction, body, and conclusion.
- Choose appropriate visual aids to illustrate ideas.
- Structure the body of the presentation with clear main points, evidence, and transitions.
- End your presentation with a summary of key points, conclusion, and reference materials.
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Practice:
- Rehearse your presentation several times while standing to ensure effective delivery and body language.
- Familiarize yourself with the equipment and technology used for the presentation.
- Time your presentation and adjust content if necessary.
- Practice engaging eye contact with your audience.
- Speak slowly and clearly with appropriate intonation, volume, and pauses for emphasis.
Types of Visual Aids
- PowerPoint (or equivalent): Common format for visual presentation
- LCD Projector: Projects images from a computer or other device
- Whiteboard or Blackboard: Useful for outlining ideas, diagrams, and processes
- Paper Handouts: Provides detailed information or records but should be given out strategically to avoid distraction.
- Video: Brings movement, images, and sound to presentations.
- Artifacts/Props: Physical objects that can enhance understanding and engage audience attention.
Visual Aid Design Guidelines
- Use one simple idea per visual.
- Ensure all text and diagrams are clear and easy to read.
- Avoid clutter and visual distractions.
- Maintain consistency in font, title, and layout.
- Use high-quality images, checking for spelling and other errors.
Tips for Effective Online Presentations
- Use appropriate software
- Ensure everyone is on time
- Keep slides clear and concise
- Speak clearly and efficiently
- Make the presentation engaging
- Use visuals to illustrate points
- Encourage participation and questions
- Establish action steps for the audience
- Leave time for Q&A
- End on time.
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Description
Explore various communication models and types through this quiz, focusing on the Osgood-Schramm model and its implications for understanding messages. Delve into verbal and non-verbal communication, including their key components such as kinesics and phonology.
