Communication Models and Types
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Questions and Answers

What role does feedback play in the Osgood-Schramm model?

  • It determines the importance of non-verbal signals.
  • It ensures the message is encoded correctly.
  • It is essential for effective communication. (correct)
  • It helps eliminate semantic noise.

    • In the Osgood-Schramm model, who are considered interpreters of the message?

  • Only the sender of the message.
  • Only the receiver of the message.
  • Only those who receive feedback.
  • Both the sender and the receiver. (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a type of non-verbal communication?

  • Kinesics
  • Phonology (correct)
  • Haptics
  • Proxemics

    • Which type of communication uses audio or visual signals?

    <p>Non-verbal communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does semantics deal with in verbal communication?

    <p>The meaning of words and sentences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is related to the study of how words are constructed in a language?

    <p>Morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of communication does pragmatics touch upon?

    <p>How language is used in context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these terms refers to the language of time in non-verbal communication?

    <p>Chronemics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily guides individuals and organizations in distinguishing right from wrong?

    <p>Code of Ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ethical code is focused on the behavior of employees within an organization?

    <p>Code of Conduct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle is NOT emphasized in ethical communication?

    <p>Profitability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines Deontological Ethics?

    <p>Universal and always appropriate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does freedom of expression protect in terms of information?

    <p>The right to seek and receive information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a limitation of ethical freedom of expression?

    <p>Discussing personal opinions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Utilitarian Ethics primarily evaluates actions based on:

    <p>Their outcomes and benefits to the majority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a Code of Practice?

    <p>Written rules for professional behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does globalization affect airfare and travel?

    <p>Airfare becomes inexpensive, increasing travel opportunities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element is considered essential for ethical communication?

    <p>Valuation of goodness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant feature of globalization as an economic concept?

    <p>Encouraging the flow of resources without restrictions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a social impact of globalization?

    <p>Access to cultural content worldwide has increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle related to ethical communication helps support civil society?

    <p>Encouraging diversity of perspective and dissent tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ethical freedom of expression require individuals to avoid?

    <p>Using derogatory language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Internet play in the context of globalization?

    <p>It enables instant communication across borders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to balance freedom of expression with societal needs?

    <p>To ensure public morality and safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary disadvantage of distributing paper handouts too early in a presentation?

    <p>They may lead to distraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential consideration when using artifacts or props during a presentation?

    <p>They need to be clearly visible to the audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which guideline is important for producing high-quality visual images?

    <p>Ensure spelling and other errors are checked.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the recommended tips for giving great online presentations?

    <p>Encourage conversation among the audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it advised to keep slides simple during a presentation?

    <p>To avoid overwhelming the audience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in the introduction of a presentation?

    <p>The main points of the presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for delivering a good presentation?

    <p>Reading directly from notes without eye contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one purpose of using visual aids during a presentation?

    <p>To clarify and support technical information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of visual aid is most commonly used in presentations?

    <p>PowerPoint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential component of the conclusion in a presentation?

    <p>A brief summary of main points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about practicing a presentation is correct?

    <p>Practicing allows for improved voice clarity and confidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to indicate the sequence of ideas in the body of a presentation?

    <p>To ensure clarity and coherence of the message</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended method for maintaining audience engagement during a presentation?

    <p>Making purposeful eye contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Communication Models

    • The Osgood-Schramm model (1954) emphasizes the importance of the interpreter (both sender and receiver) in understanding and decoding messages.

    • This model highlights the concept of "semantic noise," which refers to the various interpretations drawn from the message by the sender and receiver.

    Non-Verbal Communication

    • Non-verbal communication relies on visual and audio signals to convey messages without using language or speech.

    • It encompasses five main types:

      • Kinesics: the language of body movements
      • Proxemics: the language of space
      • Haptics: the language of touch
      • Chronemics: the language of time
      • Appearance: the language of looks

    Verbal Communication

    • Involves the use of spoken or written language to transmit messages.

    • It encompasses five main branches:

      • Phonology: the study of sound in language, including its organization and structure
      • Semantics: deals with the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences, including denotations (dictionary meaning) and connotations (associated meaning)
      • Morphology: focuses on the formation of words, which can be either content or function words
      • Syntax: studies how words are combined to form grammatically correct sentences
      • Pragmatics: examines how language is used in different contexts and situations

    Communication Ethics

    • Communication ethics emphasize the moral influence on individuals, groups, and organizations, impacting their communication behavior.

    • It values goodness and ethical considerations in various aspects of communication interaction.

    • Observing ethical communication principles is vital for fostering desirable behavior and promoting accuracy, honesty, truthfulness, and reason in communication.

    Principles Of Ethical Communication

    • Emphasize accuracy, honesty, truthfulness, and reason as crucial to reliable communication.
    • Endorse freedom of expression, diversity of perspectives, and tolerance for dissent to support informed and responsible decision-making in society.
    • Encourage understanding and valuing other communicators before evaluating or reacting to their messages.

    Types Of Ethical Approaches

    • Deontological Ethics: Focuses on universal principles and adherence to rules, regardless of consequences.
    • Utilitarian Ethics: Emphasizes the outcome and whether it benefits the majority. It considers consequences crucial to determining moral actions.
    • Manipulative-Exploitative Ethics: Involves actions aimed at gaining compliance through exploitation and coercion.

    Freedom Of Expression

    • Is a fundamental human right, encompassing the freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and opinions.
    • It is protected internationally by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
    • Freedom of expression is used in various contexts, including seeking answers and expressing opinions.

    Ethical Freedom Of Expression

    • Must be balanced against society's need to maintain order, protect the general welfare, and promote public morality.
    • Limits on freedom of expression include restrictions on harmful speech.
    • People should refrain from hate speech, which involves using derogatory and offensive language to denigrate others based on characteristics like race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation.

    Globalization

    • Refers to the interconnectedness and interdependence of nations and peoples due to the ease of movement of goods, people, and ideas across borders.
    • Involves economic concepts: the integration of markets, trade, and investments with few barriers to the flow of goods and services between countries.
    • Also encompasses cultural elements: the exchange and integration of ideas and traditions across cultures.

    Effects Of Globalization

    • Increased global travel due to lower airfare.
    • Migration of people for work or living abroad.
    • Greater access to goods and services from around the world through multinational companies and foreign investment.
    • Enhanced global communication and information exchange through the internet.

    Giving Effective Presentations

    • Planning:
      • Identify and understand your audience.
      • Define the key information to be communicated.
      • Develop a clear structure for your presentation.
      • Select relevant visual aids to enhance understanding.
    • Preparation:
      • Prepare your presentation using a format that includes introduction, body, and conclusion.
      • Choose appropriate visual aids to illustrate ideas.
      • Structure the body of the presentation with clear main points, evidence, and transitions.
      • End your presentation with a summary of key points, conclusion, and reference materials.
    • Practice:
      • Rehearse your presentation several times while standing to ensure effective delivery and body language.
      • Familiarize yourself with the equipment and technology used for the presentation.
      • Time your presentation and adjust content if necessary.
      • Practice engaging eye contact with your audience.
      • Speak slowly and clearly with appropriate intonation, volume, and pauses for emphasis.

    Types of Visual Aids

    • PowerPoint (or equivalent): Common format for visual presentation
    • LCD Projector: Projects images from a computer or other device
    • Whiteboard or Blackboard: Useful for outlining ideas, diagrams, and processes
    • Paper Handouts: Provides detailed information or records but should be given out strategically to avoid distraction.
    • Video: Brings movement, images, and sound to presentations.
    • Artifacts/Props: Physical objects that can enhance understanding and engage audience attention.

    Visual Aid Design Guidelines

    • Use one simple idea per visual.
    • Ensure all text and diagrams are clear and easy to read.
    • Avoid clutter and visual distractions.
    • Maintain consistency in font, title, and layout.
    • Use high-quality images, checking for spelling and other errors.

    Tips for Effective Online Presentations

    • Use appropriate software
    • Ensure everyone is on time
    • Keep slides clear and concise
    • Speak clearly and efficiently
    • Make the presentation engaging
    • Use visuals to illustrate points
    • Encourage participation and questions
    • Establish action steps for the audience
    • Leave time for Q&A
    • End on time.

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    Description

    Explore various communication models and types through this quiz, focusing on the Osgood-Schramm model and its implications for understanding messages. Delve into verbal and non-verbal communication, including their key components such as kinesics and phonology.

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