Communication Media Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are open-source software efforts primarily aiming to achieve?

  • Eliminate the need for digital labor
  • Enhance the market power of large corporations
  • Undermine the centralized production by few companies (correct)
  • Promote proprietary software solutions

Which type of media production has shifted from large corporations to individuals?

  • Radio programming
  • Corporate advertising
  • Broadcast journalism
  • News production (correct)

What is one major consequence of over-the-top program distributors like Netflix?

  • Circumvention of existing regulations (correct)
  • Increase in traditional journalism jobs
  • Strengthening of local media industry frameworks
  • Enhanced cultural sovereignty

How does the content define traditional mass communication?

<p>As centralized production and wide dissemination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern associated with the evolving structure of media industries?

<p>Increase in digital divide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes one aspect of new mass communication?

<p>It emphasizes interactive exchanges among multiple users (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major change is impacting traditional media jobs?

<p>Growing precarity of traditional media jobs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable feature of the decentralized production of cultural products?

<p>Higher accessibility and interaction opportunities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily emphasized in the study of communication?

<p>The persuasive power of the representation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is essential for understanding communication according to critical theoretical perspectives?

<p>Understanding social processes is key (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the rhetorical force of a media text refer to?

<p>The persuasive ability of the representation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do communication researchers aim to achieve through various theoretical perspectives?

<p>To frame content into a meaningful understanding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do individual histories and assumptions influence communication?

<p>They make the ideal of perfect communication impossible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a focus of analysis in communication when considering the role of individual producers?

<p>The dynamics involved in media publication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common approach of structuralists and semioticians in communication studies?

<p>Exploring organizational dimensions and signifiers' social context (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From a post-structuralist angle, what aspect of communication do scholars often examine?

<p>The details of the meaning system created by audiences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to products that do not sell as quickly as expected in traditional retail?

<p>They are replaced by new versions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the inventory management of online retailers differ from that of bricks-and-mortar stores?

<p>Online retailers can maintain more extensive inventories at a lower cost. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of profit do music titles not carried by Walmart contribute to online retailers like Amazon?

<p>20 to 25 percent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which streaming service is noted for having a much larger inventory than Walmart?

<p>Rhapsody (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the long-tail distribution suggest about product sales?

<p>Obscure products make up the bulk of total sales. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor minimizes the cost of inventory for online retailers?

<p>Digital product availability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the vertical axis in the long-tail distribution graph represent?

<p>The frequency of sales (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the long-tail affect product availability in online retail?

<p>It allows for a wider range of less popular titles to remain available. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary difference between public and privately owned media in Canada?

<p>Private media is primarily profit-driven. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) as specified in the 1991 Broadcasting Act?

<p>To provide services that inform, enlighten, and entertain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of community media in Canada?

<p>It engages volunteers and emphasizes social goals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of community television stations is highlighted in the CRTC's 2016 Community Television Policy?

<p>They are not required to have a specific mandate enunciated in legislation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Canadian media landscape balance between public and private ownership?

<p>Regulations incorporate both public and private interests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following services has the CBC expanded into in recent years?

<p>Web-based services including podcasts and music streams. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do volunteers play in community radio according to the NCRA?

<p>They are an integral part of programming and community engagement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern regarding the economic rationale applied to natural resources?

<p>It ignores the interests of other species and people. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon did Chris Anderson describe that affects online retail and media?

<p>The long tail phenomenon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of community media as per the information provided?

<p>It emphasizes citizen journalism and independent music. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key issue arises from algorithms that exploit the long tail in media?

<p>They can lead to exposure of radical content. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did Zeynep Tufekci experience while watching YouTube content?

<p>She was led to increasingly radical content. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Conor Friedersdorf suggest about the consequences of YouTube's autoplay feature?

<p>It may unintentionally radicalize viewers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it significant to research the impact of radical content on viewers?

<p>To understand the potential influence of media on beliefs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How have companies like Amazon and Apple changed consumer behavior?

<p>By creating demand for obscure products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential negative outcome of increased consumer choice in media?

<p>It can expose viewers to harmful ideologies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of cultural products that differentiates them from other commodities?

<p>They are not consumed in the same sense as other products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do first-copy costs of cultural products compare to run-on costs?

<p>First-copy costs are dramatically higher than run-on costs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one implication of cultural products being treated as commodities?

<p>They have unique economic characteristics requiring different business strategies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the production cost of the film The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug used to illustrate?

<p>$225 million (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the market for cultural products behave differently compared to normal commodities markets?

<p>They allow for infinite copies without depleting the original. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between first-copy and run-on costs in cultural production?

<p>First-copy costs are high, but run-on costs are minimal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a commonly mistaken idea about the consumption of cultural products?

<p>They are disposable after one use. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do cultural products exhibit different economic characteristics compared to traditional commodities?

<p>They are influenced by factors like copyright and reproduction rights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Open-source software

Software whose source code is publicly available and can be modified by anyone. It's a collaborative effort to challenge the dominance of a few companies.

Citizen journalism

Individuals, not professional journalists, sharing news and information through blogs, social media, and online platforms.

Over-the-top (OTT) Program Distributors

Streaming services like Netflix and Amazon Prime TV that bypass traditional television providers.

Digital Divide

The gap between those with access to technology and those without. It exists both within countries and globally.

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Centralized Production

When a few large entities control the creation and distribution of media content.

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Decentralized Production

When many individuals and small groups create and share content through the internet, bypassing traditional media giants.

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Mass Communication

The widespread dissemination of information and entertainment.

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Interactive Communication

Communication where participants can exchange information and ideas in real-time, like social media.

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Rhetorical Force

The power of communication to persuade or influence an audience, often through style, structure, or emotional appeals.

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Representation in Communication

The way in which communication constructs or portrays something, shaped by the communicator's perspective and choices.

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Critical Theoretical Perspective

A way of examining communication that focuses on social power dynamics and how meaning is shaped by social structures.

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Agency of the Individual Producer

The individual's freedom and power to create and express their own meaning in communication.

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Social Structures and Processes

Larger social systems and patterns that influence the production and interpretation of communication.

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Sign System in Communication

The symbols, signs, and codes used in communication that convey meaning and are embedded in broader social contexts.

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Post-Structuralist Interpretation

Analyzing how audiences actively create meaning by engaging with communication, rather than passively receiving information.

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Understanding Communication for Change

Using communication theories and perspectives to analyze how meaning is created and shared, aiming to promote social awareness and change.

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Long Tail Distribution

A distribution model where a large number of niche products, each selling in relatively small quantities, contribute significantly to overall sales.

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Hits vs. Niche Products

Hits are popular products that sell in high quantities, while niche products are less popular but still contribute to sales.

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Digital Distribution Cost

The cost of storing, managing, and distributing digital products is very low compared to physical products.

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Online vs. Brick-and-Mortar Inventory

Online retailers can offer a much larger inventory than traditional stores due to the lower cost of digital distribution.

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Long Tail Profit

The long tail of niche products can generate a significant amount of profit for online retailers, even though each product sells less.

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Advantages of Online Retailers

Online retailers have an advantage over traditional stores due to their larger inventory, lower distribution costs, and ability to cater to niche audiences.

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Niche Product Sales

Sales of niche products, while smaller than hits, can still be significant and contribute to overall profitability.

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Inventory Management

Online retailers can manage a vast inventory more efficiently since holding and distributing digital products is cheaper than physical ones.

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Long Tail Phenomenon

The concept that online platforms can generate demand for a wide range of niche products that might not have been popular otherwise. This is because they can reach a wider audience online.

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Algorithms in Online Platforms

Computer programs used by online platforms to recommend products or content based on user behavior and preferences.

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Radicalization on Online Platforms

The process of individuals being exposed to increasingly extreme or radical content through algorithms, leading them towards more extreme views.

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Algorithmic Bias

The tendency of algorithms to perpetuate existing biases in the data they are trained on, leading to unfair or discriminatory recommendations.

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Ethical Concerns of Algorithms

The ethical dilemmas surrounding the use of algorithms, particularly in relation to their potential for manipulation, bias, and the spread of misinformation.

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The Role of Platforms in Radicalization

The responsibility of online platforms in preventing the spread of extremist content and minimizing the potential for their algorithms to drive users towards radicalization.

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Consumer Choice vs. Algorithmic Control

The balance between providing consumers with a wide range of choices through algorithms and ensuring that these choices are not manipulated or influenced by biased algorithms.

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The Impact of Online Platforms on Society

The potential impact of online platforms on social values, political discourse, and individual beliefs, particularly through the influence of algorithms and the spread of misinformation.

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Canadian Media Ownership

The control and management of media companies in Canada, a complex issue influenced by government regulations striving to balance Canadian ownership with the benefits of large private companies.

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Public vs. Private Media Mandate

The fundamental difference between public and private media lies in their objectives. Public media aims to serve broad social purposes, while private media prioritizes profit.

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Repurposing Media Content

Using content created for one media platform (e.g., newspaper) on another platform (e.g., website).

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CBC's Mandate

The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) is mandated to provide radio and television services that inform, enlighten, and entertain, as outlined in the 1991 Broadcasting Act.

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Economic Characteristics of Cultural Products

Information and cultural products like music, movies, and books exhibit unique economic traits compared to regular goods.

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Community Media Mandate

Community media, like community television stations, are expected to fulfill social goals, though their mandate is not explicitly stated in legislation. The CRTC outlines their role in promoting community engagement and diversity.

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Community Radio's Impact

Community radio stations are actively involved in society, offering opportunities for volunteerism, social engagement, independent music, learning, community building, and citizen journalism.

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Anomaly 1: No Consumption

Cultural products are not 'consumed' in the traditional sense; using them doesn't destroy them. You can listen to the same song repeatedly without wearing it out.

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Anomaly 2: High First-Copy Costs, Low Subsequent Costs

Making the first copy of a cultural product (e.g., movie) is extremely expensive, but replicating it (e.g., making a DVD) is very cheap.

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NCRA's Role

The National Campus and Community Radio Association (NCRA) supports community radio stations across Canada, providing resources, training, and advocacy. It boasts a powerful broadcasting network.

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Community Radio's Focus

Community radio revolves around volunteerism, social engagement, independent music, learning opportunities, community capacity building, and citizen journalism.

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First-Copy Costs

The initial cost of creating a cultural product, including production, talent fees, etc.

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The NCRA

The National Campus and Community Radio Association (NCRA) is a key organization supporting community radio stations in Canada, enabling them to broadcast in over 60 languages and reach a wide audience.

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Run-On Costs

The cost of making additional copies of a cultural product after the first one has been created.

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Market Behavior of Cultural Products

Cultural product markets operate differently compared to markets for regular goods because of their unique economic properties.

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Cultural Commodity

Information and cultural products are considered ‘commodities’ because their economic characteristics are distinct from other products.

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Study Notes

Communication Media

  • Communication media permeate all aspects of life, encompassing traditional (film, books, etc.) and digital technologies.
  • The study of media examines how communication systems shape society and individual actions.
  • Media theories consider perspectives on structure and agency in communication.
  • Advertising and promotion are integral to the economy and culture, influenced by social values.
  • Media organizations are impacted by larger influences like politics and economics.
  • Media significantly impact worldview, frame of reference on events, and individual lives.

Shifting Nature of Media

  • Media technologies are changing, influencing how we understand the world and our actions.
  • The history of media's role in political, economic, and social development is examined.
  • The impact of representation and how it shapes our understanding of the world is explored.
  • The chapter summarizes key ideas and perspectives on media and communication.
  • Future directions of study and discussion of the effects of media on culture and society are highlighted.

Relations of Political Power

  • Digital communication shrinks social, political, economic, and geographic distances but also exacerbates existing inequalities.
  • Media systems are products of multiple forces (political, economic, social, and cultural) and reflect cultural forms and social practices.
  • Questions arise regarding ownership, media influence on consumption, tastes, and identity, and media representations.

Mass Communication

  • Mass communication is defined as the decentralized production of information and entertainment and wide accessibility through the internet
  • Mass communication involves the interactive exchange of information among recipients.
  • The study of media examines content, audience, and the relationships between them.

The Shifting Character of Media

  • Media are central to how we understand culture and society.
  • Media influence our knowledge and understanding of the world.
  • A critical approach is taken, focusing on how media are implicated in our understanding of the world and their connections to broader social forces.

Media and Democracy

  • Media are implicated in issues of democracy and social power.
  • Media ownership and control significantly influence how media operate and what perspectives are presented.
  • Concerns about media concentration (ownership/control) and its impact on diversity of voices and perspectives are explored.

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Communication Media: A Critical Perspective PDF

Description

Explore the multifaceted nature of communication media in this quiz, focusing on both traditional and digital platforms. Analyze the impact of media on society, individual actions, and the economy, while considering the shifting nature of media technologies and representation. This quiz provides insights into key theories and historical contexts shaping our understanding of communication.

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