Communication Concepts and Models

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Questions and Answers

What is the sender in communication?

Source

What is communication considered to be?

Process

Which model of communication was proposed by Ellis and McClintock?

Transaction

Advertising is an example of what type of communication?

Mass Signup and view all the answers

What is the oldest media of mass communication?

Print Signup and view all the answers

What do we call a set of steps an individual performs to complete a task?

Procedure Signup and view all the answers

How do order and advice differ?

Order is obligatory, while advice is voluntary. Signup and view all the answers

What does reprimand serve as an example of?

Warning Signup and view all the answers

What type of objective does motivation represent in communication?

Primary Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by committed and cheerful staff?

High morale Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication is email typically classified as?

Written Signup and view all the answers

What does oral communication lack?

Legal validity Signup and view all the answers

Non-verbal communication is mostly what?

Unconscious Signup and view all the answers

Gestures can be described as what?

Universal Signup and view all the answers

Who defined communication as the process by which information is transmitted?

Newman Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of converting an idea into symbols called?

Encoding Signup and view all the answers

Which is not a significance of communication?

Fighting Signup and view all the answers

What does complementary scheme use?

Opposite colors Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication does a complaint represent?

Inward Signup and view all the answers

What type of communication is planned and deliberate?

Formal Signup and view all the answers

Wherever there are people, what else exists?

Grapevines Signup and view all the answers

An open door policy is necessary to improve what type of communication?

Upward Signup and view all the answers

What is communication that flows across the organization among members of the same rank called?

Horizontal Signup and view all the answers

In what year was Morse Code developed by Samuel Morse?

1838 Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the telephone?

Alexander Graham Bell Signup and view all the answers

When should one use a fax, teleconference, letter, or memo?

When written record is significant Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Communication Definitions

Communication is a continuous process.
Communication is the process by which information is transmitted between individuals and/or organizations so that an understanding response results (Newman).
Ellis and McClintock have proposed a transaction model of communication.

Communication Types

Advertising – mass communication
Grapevine - informal communication
Email – written communication

Communication Models

Transaction Model - proposed by Ellis and McClintock

Communication Significance

Crisis management
Inspiring team spirit
Corporate branding

Communication Objectives

Motivation - primary objective

Communication Process

Encoding: Converting ideas into symbols.

Communication Channels

Print media – oldest form of mass communication
Digital media – modern mass communication

Types of Communication

Formal communication: Planned and deliberate
Informal communication: Unscheduled and spontaneous
Intrapersonal communication: Communication with oneself (e.g., talking to yourself)
Interpersonal communication: Communication between two people (e.g., a conversation)
Group communication: Communication between more than two people (e.g., a meeting)
Mass communication: Communication to a large audience via media (e.g., television, newspapers)
Downward communication: Information flows from higher levels to lower levels.
Upward communication: Information flows from lower levels to higher levels.
Horizontal communication: Information flows among members of same rank.
Outward communication: Information flows from an organization to the outside world.
Inward communication: Information flows from the outside world to the organization.
Verbal communication: Uses spoken words.
Non-verbal communication: Uses body language, gestures, and facial expressions.

Nonverbal Communication Examples

Gestures: Culture-specific non-verbal communication.

Communication Trends

Open door policy – strengthens upward communication

Technology & Communication

Morse Code: Invented by Samuel Morse in 1838 for telegraphs.
Telephone: Invented by Alexander Graham Bell.

Communication Methods

Fax: Provides written record, fast, crosses time zones and countries.
Teleconference: Useful for multiple parties across locations.

Communication Elements

Sender: Source of the message
Receiver: Destination of the message
Message: Information being communicated
Channel: Medium used for transmitting message
Feedback: Response from the receiver

Other Communication Elements

Salutation: Greeting used in written communications.
Enclosure: Attachment included with a letter.
Feedback: Response to a message.
Procedure: Set of steps for completing a task.

Communication Advice & Persuasion

Advice: Non-obligatory, often given by laypersons
Order: Obligatory, given by professionals.
Reprimand: Used to warn or admonish.

Work Environment

High morale: Motivated and cheerful staff

Color Schemes in Design

Complementary: Uses opposite colors on the color wheel.

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Description

Explore the various definitions, types, and models of communication in this quiz. Understand the significance and objectives of communication, as well as the different channels used in conveying messages. Challenge your knowledge about formal and informal communication methods.