Communication and Sensory Perception in Geriatrics

Study Notes

Communication is the exchange of information, thoughts, and feelings using speech, writing, or symbols.
Verbal communication uses words.
Non-verbal communication uses gestures, body language, facial expressions, and tone.
Therapeutic communication strategies include person-centered approaches, environmental modifications, and routine adjustments.
Barriers to communication include cultural differences, sensory impairments, and emotional states.

Delirium: Acute, reversible confusion caused by medical conditions or environmental factors.
Dementia: Chronic, irreversible decline in cognitive function affecting memory and reasoning.
Depression: Persistent sadness and loss of interest, not a normal part of aging.
Cognitive assessment tools and screenings identify impairments and their causes.
Interventions address cognitive impairments.

Ethical principles: Autonomy (respecting patient decisions), beneficence (acting in the patient's best interest), and justice (ensuring fairness in care).
Laws: RA 9994 (grants benefits to senior citizens), RA 10645 (mandatory PhilHealth coverage for senior citizens).
Ethical issues: Restraints, informed consent, and elder abuse (physical, emotional, financial, and neglect).
Prevention of elder abuse includes education, advocacy, and public awareness.

Factors affecting aging: Genetics, environment, and diseases.
Common chronic conditions: Hypertension, diabetes, and arthritis.
Non-pharmacological management involves risk factor management and environmental modifications.
Pharmacological interventions are the careful use of medications like antipsychotics and antidepressants.

Cognitive changes with aging: Stable skills (attention, language comprehension) and declining skills (memory recall, verbal fluency).
Self-perception and self-concept: Identity (sense of individuality), and role performance.
Coping and stress management: Strategies to adapt to changes and manage stress.
Spirituality and aging: Importance of addressing spiritual needs for well-being.
Sexuality and aging: Acknowledging intimacy as a fundamental aspect of life.