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Paraphrasing includes four subcategories: approximation, word coinage, circumlocution, and literal translation.
Paraphrasing includes four subcategories: approximation, word coinage, circumlocution, and literal translation.
False
Communication strategies are only used by language learners, not native speakers.
Communication strategies are only used by language learners, not native speakers.
False
Approximation in paraphrasing involves using vocabulary that is completely unrelated to the desired item.
Approximation in paraphrasing involves using vocabulary that is completely unrelated to the desired item.
False
Word coinage is when learners invent new words to communicate a concept.
Word coinage is when learners invent new words to communicate a concept.
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Learners can transfer their L1 knowledge into their L2 production.
Learners can transfer their L1 knowledge into their L2 production.
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Circumlocution involves using the appropriate target language structure to describe an object or action.
Circumlocution involves using the appropriate target language structure to describe an object or action.
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Literal translation involves translating word for word from the native language.
Literal translation involves translating word for word from the native language.
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Language switch refers to inserting words or phrases in a language other than the target language.
Language switch refers to inserting words or phrases in a language other than the target language.
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Miming, gesturing, and sound-imitation are non-verbal communication strategies.
Miming, gesturing, and sound-imitation are non-verbal communication strategies.
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Successful communication strategies are always noticed by the listener or reader.
Successful communication strategies are always noticed by the listener or reader.
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Code-switching refers to the creation of non-existent or inappropriate target language items by applying L2 morphology and/or phonology to L1 lexical items.
Code-switching refers to the creation of non-existent or inappropriate target language items by applying L2 morphology and/or phonology to L1 lexical items.
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Achievement strategies refer to the strategies used by language learners when they lack the linguistic knowledge about the topic perceived as problematic.
Achievement strategies refer to the strategies used by language learners when they lack the linguistic knowledge about the topic perceived as problematic.
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Foreignising is the act of switching from L2 to L1 when communicating with others in a foreign language.
Foreignising is the act of switching from L2 to L1 when communicating with others in a foreign language.
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Generalisation is used when language learners use a more specific term to refer to its superordinate term.
Generalisation is used when language learners use a more specific term to refer to its superordinate term.
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Topic avoidance is one of the avoidance strategies used by language learners.
Topic avoidance is one of the avoidance strategies used by language learners.
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Message abandonment is used by language learners when they cannot continue talking about a topic due to lack of linguistic knowledge.
Message abandonment is used by language learners when they cannot continue talking about a topic due to lack of linguistic knowledge.
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Learners may use all-purpose words to ask the speaker to explain or repeat a previous statement.
Learners may use all-purpose words to ask the speaker to explain or repeat a previous statement.
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Code-switching is the act of switching from L1 to L2 when communicating with others in a foreign language.
Code-switching is the act of switching from L1 to L2 when communicating with others in a foreign language.
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Foreignising is the act of creating non-existent or inappropriate L1 lexical items by applying L2 morphology and/or phonology.
Foreignising is the act of creating non-existent or inappropriate L1 lexical items by applying L2 morphology and/or phonology.
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Generalisation is used when language learners use a more general term to refer to its hyponym.
Generalisation is used when language learners use a more general term to refer to its hyponym.
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What is the term for the creation of non-existent or inappropriate target language items by applying L2 morphology and/or phonology to L1 lexical items?
What is the term for the creation of non-existent or inappropriate target language items by applying L2 morphology and/or phonology to L1 lexical items?
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What is the term for using a more general term to refer to its hyponym?
What is the term for using a more general term to refer to its hyponym?
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What is the term for the strategy used by learners when they lack the linguistic knowledge about the topic perceived as problematic which they either avoid or are unable to continue talking about?
What is the term for the strategy used by learners when they lack the linguistic knowledge about the topic perceived as problematic which they either avoid or are unable to continue talking about?
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What is the term for using the appropriate target language structure to describe an object or action?
What is the term for using the appropriate target language structure to describe an object or action?
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What is the term for the strategy used by learners to switch from L2 to L1 when communicating with others in a foreign language?
What is the term for the strategy used by learners to switch from L2 to L1 when communicating with others in a foreign language?
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What is the term for the strategy used by learners to ask the speaker to explain or repeat a previous statement or to supply a lexical item needed?
What is the term for the strategy used by learners to ask the speaker to explain or repeat a previous statement or to supply a lexical item needed?
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What is the term for using vocabulary that is completely unrelated to the desired item in paraphrasing?
What is the term for using vocabulary that is completely unrelated to the desired item in paraphrasing?
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What is the term for the strategy used by learners to use superordinate term to refer to its hyponym?
What is the term for the strategy used by learners to use superordinate term to refer to its hyponym?
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What is the term for the strategy used by learners to create non-existent or inappropriate L1 lexical items by applying L2 morphology and/or phonology?
What is the term for the strategy used by learners to create non-existent or inappropriate L1 lexical items by applying L2 morphology and/or phonology?
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What is the term for the series of other strategies used by learners, including code-switching and foreignising?
What is the term for the series of other strategies used by learners, including code-switching and foreignising?
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What is the subcategory of paraphrasing that involves learners using vocabulary that they know is not correct, but which shares semantic features with the desired item?
What is the subcategory of paraphrasing that involves learners using vocabulary that they know is not correct, but which shares semantic features with the desired item?
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Which subcategory of paraphrasing involves learners making up new words to communicate a desired concept?
Which subcategory of paraphrasing involves learners making up new words to communicate a desired concept?
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What is the subcategory of paraphrasing that involves learners describing the characteristics of an object or action instead of using the appropriate target language structure?
What is the subcategory of paraphrasing that involves learners describing the characteristics of an object or action instead of using the appropriate target language structure?
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What is the term for when learners transfer their L1 knowledge into their L2 production?
What is the term for when learners transfer their L1 knowledge into their L2 production?
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What is the term for when learners insert words or phrases in a language other than the target language?
What is the term for when learners insert words or phrases in a language other than the target language?
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What is the term for when learners use non-verbal strategies in place of a meaning structure?
What is the term for when learners use non-verbal strategies in place of a meaning structure?
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What is the term for when learners translate word for word from the native language?
What is the term for when learners translate word for word from the native language?
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What is the term for the act of switching from L1 to L2 when communicating with others in a foreign language?
What is the term for the act of switching from L1 to L2 when communicating with others in a foreign language?
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What is the term for the strategies used by language learners when they lack the linguistic knowledge about the topic perceived as problematic?
What is the term for the strategies used by language learners when they lack the linguistic knowledge about the topic perceived as problematic?
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What is the term for the act of creating non-existent or inappropriate L1 lexical items by applying L2 morphology and/or phonology?
What is the term for the act of creating non-existent or inappropriate L1 lexical items by applying L2 morphology and/or phonology?
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