Communication: An Introduction
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus when communicating effectively?

  • Being entertaining and engaging
  • Expressing personal opinions
  • Using complex vocabulary
  • Clearly defining the message's purpose (correct)

Which principle emphasizes the need to understand your objective in communication?

  • Focus on the practicable response
  • Say what you mean, mean what you say
  • Beware of the inadvertent message
  • Know your intent (correct)

Which type of communication includes the use of charts, maps, and diagrams?

  • Non-verbal Communication
  • Written Communication
  • Verbal Communication
  • Visual Communication (correct)

According to the guidelines for effective communication, what should feedback be?

<p>Constructive, specific, and relevant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle 'To specify is to exclude' imply in communication?

<p>Being detailed limits understanding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does effective communication require regarding the audience?

<p>Adjusting to their needs and perspectives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is it appropriate to use non-verbal communication?

<p>To complement the spoken word or replace it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assumption about communication suggests it can evolve and adapt?

<p>Communication is Process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'Natural Media' in communication?

<p>Human attributes like voice, gestures, and bodies. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes one of the assumptions about communication?

<p>Communication evolves as information flows between participants. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean that 'Communication is Functional'?

<p>Communication aids in various tasks such as explaining and making decisions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can communication be both limiting and liberating?

<p>It can confine ideas to cultural norms while also allowing for creative expression. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to say that communication is 'Holistic'?

<p>It considers the complete process including context and interaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can ambiguity in communication be beneficial?

<p>It allows people with different viewpoints to collaborate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'You cannot NOT communicate' imply?

<p>All behaviors convey some form of communication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement to be considered a competent communicator?

<p>Being motivated to communicate effectively. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is communication considered essential for relationships and workplaces?

<p>It facilitates sharing feelings, needs, and information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does communication impact quality of life?

<p>Quality communication creates strong communities and societies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Schramm's Model of communication illustrate?

<p>Communication is cyclical, involving encoding and decoding. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes ethical communication?

<p>Being respectful and considerate of all involved. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do non-verbal symbols play in communication?

<p>They convey meaning through gestures, expressions, and actions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does context influence communication?

<p>It can change the appropriateness and effectiveness of communication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the communication process, what is referred to as a 'referent'?

<p>The actual object or idea that a symbol refers to. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'media' in the context of communication?

<p>Any means through which symbols are transmitted and meanings represented. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of non-verbal communication?

<p>Using facial expressions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of communication is characterized by immediate feedback?

<p>Video communication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes two-way communication from one-way communication?

<p>There is interaction and feedback. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In transactional communication, what is the role of the environment?

<p>To provide context for the communication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the nature of communication?

<p>Communication is a continuous and evolving process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the Information Transfer Model?

<p>It is a one-way model emphasizing message transmission. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes informal communication?

<p>It occurs in casual conversations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'gestalt' imply in communication?

<p>Communication is complex and interrelated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the interactive model of communication emphasize?

<p>Communication is circular. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a consideration for effective persuasion?

<p>Ignoring personal values. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does communication shape our sense of community?

<p>Through interaction and shared values. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of mass communication?

<p>Broadcasting a news report. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key ethical consideration in communication?

<p>Ensuring accuracy of information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle is emphasized by the ethical consideration of mutuality in communication?

<p>Acknowledging the needs of others. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of communication occurs within oneself?

<p>Intrapersonal communication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does unethical communication have on society?

<p>Threatens communication quality and well-being. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of 'Mutuality' in ethical communication emphasize?

<p>Considering both your needs and the needs of others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle focuses on preserving the dignity of individuals in communication?

<p>Individual Dignity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does non-verbal communication typically function in relation to verbal messages?

<p>It can augment, replace, or contradict verbal messages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one role of communication in building trust within communities?

<p>It fosters understanding and collaboration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical principle emphasizes the need for truthful and transparent communication?

<p>Honesty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can negatively impact the effectiveness of communication?

<p>Non-verbal inconsistencies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Community' refer to in the context of communication?

<p>A group bonded by shared goals, values, or experiences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of non-verbal communication refers to our use of space?

<p>Proxemics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Communication is...

Encoding and transmitting information using sounds, symbols, and actions.

Decoding

Understanding and interpreting information.

Communication context

Physical setting, speaker/listener values, and message appropriateness.

Messages

Words, sounds, actions, and gestures in interactions.

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Symbols

Representations of something else; words, sounds, actions, gestures, emojis.

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Referent

The thing a symbol refers to.

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Communication Process

Process of encoding and decoding messages in communication.

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Ethical communication

Respectful and considerate communication, respecting others' freedom.

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Natural Media

Communication using our own voice, gestures, and bodies (e.g., facial expressions, body language).

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Technological Media

Communication using electronic devices like phones, computers, and the internet.

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Meaning in Communication

The interpretation people assign to a message, which can vary based on context, culture, and individual experiences.

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Communication as a Process

Information flows back and forth, evolving as people interact and understand each other.

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Communication Creates Our Social World

Our communication shapes our understanding and interactions within society.

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Functional Communication

Communication has a purpose, like explaining, negotiating, or making decisions.

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Communication: Limiting and Liberating

Cultural norms can influence our communication, but breaking those norms can be liberating and lead to change.

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Adaptive Communication

Adjusting our communication style based on the time, place, and audience.

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Verbal Communication

Using words or sounds to convey messages.

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Non-verbal Communication

Using gestures, symbols, and facial expressions to communicate.

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Visual Communication

Using images, symbols, and digital media to convey messages.

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Formal Communication

Communication used in formal settings like lectures or presentations.

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Informal Communication

Communication used in casual settings like conversations with friends or family.

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One-Way Communication

Communication where the source sends a message with limited feedback.

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Two-Way Communication

Communication involving interaction, but the source still leads.

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Mutuality

Considering the needs of others in addition to your own.

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Communication Competence

The ability to communicate effectively and appropriately in different situations, considering the context and goals of the interaction.

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Clarity or Ambiguity

A conscious choice in communication to be explicit and clear or intentionally vague.

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Individual Dignity

Communicating in a way that preserves the dignity of each person.

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Accuracy

Communicating factual information as best as possible.

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Persuasive Communication

Communication aimed at influencing the beliefs, attitudes, or actions of others.

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Writing is Script-writing

The act of writing involves planning and considering the intended message and audience.

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Access to Information

Making sure everyone has the information they need.

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Inadvertent Message

An unintended message that is communicated through actions, body language, tone of voice, or other non-verbal cues.

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Community

A group of people with shared goals, values, or experiences.

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Restricted vs. Elaborated Communication

The formality or informality of language used in communication, depending on the context and relationship.

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Verbal/Non-verbal Communication

The combination of words and non-verbal cues like body language, tone of voice, and gestures.

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Augment

When non-verbal communication complements the verbal message.

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Replace

When non-verbal communication substitutes for words.

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Shared Meaning Communication

Communication aims to establish understanding between individuals through shared interpretations, values, and experiences.

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Interactive Communication Model

Communication is a two-way process where participants actively exchange information, ideas, and feedback in a circular pattern.

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Transactional Communication Model

Communication involves a dynamic and interdependent process where individuals simultaneously send and receive messages, influencing each other.

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Persuasion

Communication aims to influence the beliefs, actions, or values of others by providing evidence and arguments.

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Intercultural Communication

Communication between individuals from different cultural backgrounds, navigating diverse values, beliefs, and communication styles.

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Study Notes

Communication: An Introduction

  • Communication is an ongoing process, not a one-time event.
  • You cannot not communicate; all behavior is a form of communication.
  • Communication is crucial for relationships, communities, and workplaces.
  • Communication varies depending on the context, which impacts the interaction.
  • Communication is a process of encoding and decoding information.
  • Schramm's communication model is cyclical with both parties encoding and decoding each other's messages.

Aspects of Communication

  • Competent communication is both appropriate and effective.
  • Appropriate communication adheres to context norms and expectations.
  • Effective communication achieves desired outcomes.
  • Communication influences relationships and leadership.
  • Ethical communication includes respect and concern for all parties.

Communication Terms

  • Messages: Sounds, actions, and gestures conveying information.
  • Symbols: Words, sounds, actions, or gestures representing something else.
  • Referent: Things or concepts that symbols represent.
  • Language: A system of symbols used for communication.
  • Non-verbal symbols: Sounds, actions, and gestures with agreed-upon meanings.
  • Media/Channels: Means of transmitting symbols and meanings (e.g., natural, technological).
  • Natural Media: Using voice, gestures, and body language for communication.
  • Technological Media: Using electronic devices to communicate (e.g., phones, email, internet).

Communication and Competence

  • Communication competence involves appropriate and effective actions.
  • Competent communication can be clear or ambiguous, share meaning or not.
  • Communication actions are appropriate and effective according to the situation.
  • Motivation, knowledge, and skills lead to competent communication.

Communication is Holistic

  • Communication involves the speaker, audience, and interaction.
  • Communication is a complex process with simultaneous operations.
  • Communication is ambiguous because meaning depends on context, prior communication, and future responses.

Communication is Crucial to Quality Life

  • Communication creates social worlds and forms understanding.
  • Communication allows explanation, brainstorming, and negotiation.
  • Effective communication is essential for relationships and communities.
  • Changing communication can build stronger and healthier relationships.

Communication is Adaptive

  • Adapting messages to the audience and context are vital.
  • Communication involves balancing consistency with adaptation.
  • Communication competence involves consideration of the context.

Communication is Ambiguous

  • Ambiguity implies that meaning is not always clear.
  • Ambiguity can foster collaboration in diverse groups.
  • Ambiguity helps promote creativity.

Intrapersonal Communication

  • Intrapersonal communication is self-talk or inner dialogue.
  • Self-talk can build confidence and support self-assessment.
  • Distinguishing self-talk from reality is crucial

Interpersonal Communication

  • Interpersonal communication occurs between two or more individuals.
  • It's characterized by establishing and deepening relationships.
  • Transactional communication is focused on goal achievement.

Extended Communication

  • Extended communication utilizes electronic media (e.g., phone, video calls, Skype).
  • Extended communication allows wider reach across time and space.
  • Extended formats require more formal language.

Organizational Communication

  • Formal structures use designated channels for communication.
  • Formal communication includes downward, upward, horizontal, and cross-wise communication.
  • Informal structures (grapevine) involve unofficial channels and rumors.
  • Effective organizational communication fosters teamwork and shared values.

Communication as Community

  • Communication creates social groups, relationships, and structures.
  • Diverse communication styles and backgrounds lead to community formation
  • Communication within communities helps to coordinate actions toward goals

Communication as Persuasion

  • Persuasion uses communication to change attitudes, values, or actions.
  • Persuasion involves understanding target audiences and their values.
  • Effective persuasion requires ethical considerations in communication

Communication as Information Transfer

  • This perspective views communication as a one-way transmission of a message.
  • It prioritizes the clarity and accuracy of the message itself.

Communication as Sharing Meaning

  • This perspective highlights the importance of shared understanding in communication.
  • Shared meaning is created through interactive communication.

Communication Ethics

  • Communication involves considering values and responsibilities.
  • Principles of integrity, diversity, and accountability are vital
  • Avoiding unethical communication is essential for building positive communities

Communication Models

  • One-way communication (action) is linear: sender → receiver
  • Two-way communication (interaction) includes feedback: sender ↔ receiver
  • Transactional communication is reciprocal and continuous.

Time Communication

  • Formal time: culturally defined units like seconds, hours.
  • Informal time: less exact terms like "a moment," "a while ago"
  • Psychological time: varies depending on individual/cultural perspectives.

Space Communication

  • Proxemics (space) describes how individuals use space in relation to others.
  • Personal space, social distance, etc. are culturally determined.

Nonverbal Communication

  • Nonverbal communication includes emblems(represent words), illustrators(support words), affect displays(facial express), regulators (manage conversation flow), adaptors (hidden responses).
  • Nonverbal cues are often more significant than words.
  • Nonverbal cues vary from culture to culture; be aware when communicating among different cultures.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of communication, including its nature as an ongoing process and its significance in relationships and workplaces. This quiz covers key concepts like Schramm's model, competent communication, and ethical considerations. Test your understanding of the basic terminology and aspects of effective communication.

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