Common Neurological Disorders for Medical SLPs

What is the only FDA-approved medication used for ALS?

Which symptom management technique is used to control drooling in ALS patients?

What is the second most common type of degenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD)?

Which of the following is not a hallmark symptom of Parkinson's disease?

What type of drugs are used to manage the early and advanced symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

What is the main complication of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) that is mentioned in the text?

Which of the following is a neuroprotective drug used in the management of Parkinson's disease?

What is the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) according to the text?

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of ALS mentioned in the text?

What is the primary clinical manifestation of ALS that leads to referral to a speech-language pathologist (SLP)?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a complication of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in the text?

What is the primary type of motor neuron affected in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) according to the text?

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of delirium?

What is NOT recommended for the management of delirium?

Which of the following is a complication associated with delirium?

What is the most common cause of dementia?

Which of the following is a characteristic of multiple sclerosis?

Which of the following is NOT a complication associated with dementia?

What is delirium?

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of delirium?

What percentage of inpatients older than 70 years experience delirium in the US?

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for delirium?

In which healthcare setting is a speech-language pathologist (SLP) typically consulted for delirium cases?

What is the primary role of a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in cases of delirium?

What is one of the normal age-related changes mentioned?

What percentage of hospital admissions in the US are attributable to adverse drug events?

Which of the following statements about older adults and adverse drug reactions is true?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common issue related to aging and diseases?

What is one of the examples given for how depression may present differently in older adults?

What is one of the reasons mentioned for communication difficulties in older adults?

Dementia is characterized by a progressive decline in memory functions associated with decline in another cognitive functions such as ______

Delirium can lead to complications such as aspiration pneumonia and ______

Antipsychotic medications are sometimes used in the management of delirium to reduce ______

Physical restraints are not effective in managing delirium and could actually exacerbate it, therefore they need to be ______

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune demyelinating disease that affects the ______ nervous system

Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of ______

______ in mentation –Delirium: mental confusion and emotional disruption

______: mental confusion and emotional disruption Usually transient and reversible

______ Barrie syndrome: Acute muscle weakness

______ lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Myasthenia gravis: Progressive muscle weakness

Movement disorders include Parkinson’s and ______

Delirium is common among ER, surgical, and medical ward patients with more than 30% of inpatients older than 70 yrs experiencing ______

Brain stimulation technique Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used to trigger dopamine production and reduce abnormal ______

Anticholinergic drugs used for Parkinson’s disease can cause decrease of saliva and dry mouth leading to difficulties in speech and articulation, and also it affects ______

LSVT-loud is an evidence-based treatment to improve voice and speech ______

Non-pharmacological treatments like Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) focus on improving muscle strength and movement through LSVT-______

Narcotic and hypnotic sedatives drugs indirectly affect communication through their effect on ______ (attention, orientation, and memory)

Medications used to treat neurological disorders often involve modulation of neurotransmitter function such as Acetylcholine, dopamine, glutamate, ______, etc.

Riluzole is the only FDA-approved medication used for ______

Anticholinergic medications are used to control ______ in ALS patients

ALS patients may need to use non-oral means of feeding (PEG tube) to maintain ______

SLP needs to educate and prepare the patients and do continuing assessment for ______

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting ______ system

Pharmacological treatments are used to manage the early symptoms, advanced symptoms, and neuroprotective drugs used to slow down ongoing cell damage and ______

People age at different rates and the effect of aging on healthy individuals vary. Age-related changes include: - Reduced capacity - Decreased the ability of homeostasis and regulation of body systems (the ability of the body to self-regulate) - Decline of visual and hearing acuity. Detailed changes in the next slide Date Your Footer Here 21 Age-related changes Date Your Footer Here 22 Age-related changes Date Your Footer Here 23 Age-related changes …common issues Aging and Adverse drug reaction: About 1/3 of drugs are taken by people older than 65 years 30% of hospital admission in US are attributable to adverse drug events About 40% of adverse drug events are considered serious, and life-threating. Normal age-related changes make older adults more vulnerable to adverse drug reactions Date Your Footer Here 24 Age-related changes …common issues Atypical and altered disease - Older adults may not report symptoms of the disease ….they learn to tolerate syndrome that develop slowly - Some common conditions are mistaken as a normal part of aging, for example: Memory loss, vision and hearing loss, and falls - Older adults may have different disease presentations and vague and non-specific symptoms Example, depression in young adults (sadness), depression in older adults (confusion) Date Your Footer Here 25 Age-related changes …common issues Communication Older adults may experience changes in ______ due to a decrease of hearing and visual acuity, and also due to cognitive decline.

Older adults may not report symptoms of the disease ….they learn to tolerate syndrome that develop slowly - Some common conditions are mistaken as a normal part of aging, for example: Memory loss, vision, and hearing loss, and falls - Older adults may have different disease presentations and vague and non-specific symptoms Example, depression in young adults (sadness), depression in older adults (confusion) Date Your Footer Here 25 Age-related changes …common issues Communication Older adults may experience changes in communication due to decrease of hearing and visual acuity, and also due to cognitive decline.

Older adults may not report symptoms of the disease ….they learn to tolerate syndrome that develop slowly - Some common conditions are mistaken as a normal part of aging, for example: Memory loss, ______, and hearing loss, and falls - Older adults may have different disease presentations and vague and non-specific symptoms Example, depression in young adults (sadness), depression in older adults (confusion) Date Your Footer Here 25 Age-related changes …common issues Communication Older adults may experience changes in communication due to a decrease of hearing and visual acuity, and also due to cognitive decline.

Older adults may not report symptoms of the disease ….they learn to tolerate syndrome that develop slowly - Some common conditions are mistaken as a normal part of aging, for example: Memory loss, vision, and ______ loss, and falls - Older adults may have different disease presentations and vague and non-specific symptoms Example, depression in young adults (sadness), depression in older adults (confusion) Date Your Footer Here 25 Age-related changes …common issues Communication Older adults may experience changes in communication due to a decrease of ______ and visual acuity, and also due to cognitive decline.

Older adults may not report symptoms of the disease ….they learn to tolerate syndrome that develop slowly - Some common conditions are mistaken as a normal part of aging, for example: Memory loss, vision, and hearing loss, and falls - Older adults may have different disease presentations and vague and non-specific symptoms Example, depression in young adults (sadness), depression in older adults (confusion) Date Your Footer Here 25 Age-related changes …common issues Communication Older adults may experience changes in communication due to a decrease of hearing and visual acuity, and also due to ______ decline.

Older adults may not report symptoms of the disease ….they learn to tolerate syndrome that develop slowly - Some common conditions are mistaken as a normal part of aging, for example: Memory loss, vision, and hearing loss, and falls - Older adults may have different disease presentations and vague and non-specific symptoms Example, depression in young adults (sadness), depression in older adults (confusion) Date Your Footer Here 25 Age-related changes …common issues Communication Older adults may experience changes in communication due to a decrease of hearing and visual acuity, and also due to cognitive ______.

Older adults may not report symptoms of the disease ….they learn to tolerate syndrome that develop slowly - Some common conditions are mistaken as a normal part of aging, for example: Memory loss, vision, and hearing loss, and falls - Older adults may have different disease presentations and vague and non-specific symptoms Example, depression in young adults (sadness), depression in older adults (confusion) Date Your Footer Here 25 Age-related changes …common issues Communication Older adults may experience changes in communication due to a decrease of hearing and visual acuity, and also due to cognitive decline.