27 Questions
What are some common complications of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?
Long term physical weakness, Respiratory failure, Respiration pneumonia, Prolonged ventilation, Sudden unexplained cardiac death
What is the cause of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
The cause of ALS is not known, with 90% of cases occurring spontaneously and 5 to 10% linked to a specific gene mutation.
What are some common symptoms of ALS?
Sialorrhea (excessive drooling), Respiratory difficulty, Parkinson's like symptoms, Cognitive impairment, Inappropriate excessive behavioral responses to emotional events, Muscle spasm
What is delirium?
Delirium is mental confusion and emotional disruption.
What are some causes of delirium?
Medications, illicit substances (e.g., cocaine), renal insufficiency.
What percentage of inpatients older than 70 years in the US experience delirium?
More than 30%.
For which patients is it common to consult an SLP for speech, language, and swallowing evaluation in cases of delirium?
ER, surgical, and medical ward patients.
What are some risk factors for delirium?
Drug-drug interaction, advanced aging, dementia, long hospitalization.
What is Guillian Barrie syndrome characterized by?
Acute muscle weakness.
What is the only FDA-approved medication used for ALS?
Riluzole
How are anticholinergic medications used in ALS management?
To control drooling
What non-oral means of feeding may ALS patients need to use?
PEG tube
What are the hallmark symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD)?
Tremor, Bradykinesia, Akinesia, Rigidity, Masked face
What type of drugs are used in PD management to manage early and advanced symptoms?
Pharmacological treatments
What is the aim of neuroprotective drugs in PD management?
To slow down ongoing cell damage and death
What is the purpose of LSVT-loud treatment?
To improve voice and speech intelligibility.
How does Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) help patients?
It triggers dopamine production and reduces abnormal movements.
What is a potential communication difficulty caused by anticholinergic drugs?
Decrease of saliva and dry mouth leading to speech difficulties.
What is the main focus of managing communication difficulties resulting from drug adverse effects?
Comprehensive assessment of symptoms profile.
How can communication difficulties caused by drug adverse effects be addressed?
Consulting a pharmacist or checking the medication database.
What type of dysarthria is associated with antiepileptic drugs?
Cerebellar type ataxic dysarthria.
Why do older adults become more vulnerable to adverse drug reactions?
Due to normal age-related changes that make them more vulnerable.
What are some common conditions that are sometimes mistaken as a normal part of aging?
Memory loss, vision and hearing loss, and falls.
How do older adults' experience of depression differ from young adults?
In older adults, depression may present as confusion.
What are some age-related changes that can affect communication in older adults?
Decreased hearing and visual acuity, and cognitive decline.
What percentage of hospital admissions in the US are due to adverse drug events?
About 30%.
Why might older adults not report symptoms of a disease?
They may learn to tolerate slowly developing symptoms.
Test your knowledge on common neurological disorders that Medical Speech-Language Pathologists should be familiar with, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and more. Identify symptoms and characteristics of various conditions.
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