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Questions and Answers
What is the prepatent period for small strongyles compared to large strongyles?
What is the prepatent period for small strongyles compared to large strongyles?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the life cycle of small strongyles?
Which of the following is a characteristic of the life cycle of small strongyles?
Which of the following is an effective treatment for encysted small strongyles?
Which of the following is an effective treatment for encysted small strongyles?
What clinical signs are specifically associated with S. vulgaris larvae damage?
What clinical signs are specifically associated with S. vulgaris larvae damage?
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Which of the following methods is NOT effective in diagnosing strongyles?
Which of the following methods is NOT effective in diagnosing strongyles?
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What is the primary goal of evidence-based deworming in horses?
What is the primary goal of evidence-based deworming in horses?
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Which class of anthelmintics includes Ivermectin and Moxidectin?
Which class of anthelmintics includes Ivermectin and Moxidectin?
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How often should fecal egg counts (FEC) be monitored for deworming success?
How often should fecal egg counts (FEC) be monitored for deworming success?
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What is a significant fecal egg count (FEC) that indicates the need for deworming?
What is a significant fecal egg count (FEC) that indicates the need for deworming?
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What should be avoided to minimize the risk of resistance to anthelmintics?
What should be avoided to minimize the risk of resistance to anthelmintics?
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Which anthelmintic is effective against both large strongyles and cyathostomes?
Which anthelmintic is effective against both large strongyles and cyathostomes?
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What type of parasites are preserved in parasite refugia?
What type of parasites are preserved in parasite refugia?
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What is the recommended approach for treating horses responsible for significant environmental contamination?
What is the recommended approach for treating horses responsible for significant environmental contamination?
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What is the pre-patent period for Strongylus vulgaris?
What is the pre-patent period for Strongylus vulgaris?
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Which of the following species is a type of large strongyle?
Which of the following species is a type of large strongyle?
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What are the characteristics of small strongyles?
What are the characteristics of small strongyles?
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How long can L3 strongyle larvae overwinter on pasture?
How long can L3 strongyle larvae overwinter on pasture?
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What type of life cycle do strongyles have?
What type of life cycle do strongyles have?
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What is the common term for large and small strongyles?
What is the common term for large and small strongyles?
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Which of the following is NOT a species of large strongyle?
Which of the following is NOT a species of large strongyle?
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What is the primary method of transmission for Strongylus vulgaris?
What is the primary method of transmission for Strongylus vulgaris?
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Which category of equine parasites ranks highest in importance?
Which category of equine parasites ranks highest in importance?
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What is the typical size range of large strongyles?
What is the typical size range of large strongyles?
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Which strongyle is known to be the primary cause of colic due to its damaging effects on blood supply?
Which strongyle is known to be the primary cause of colic due to its damaging effects on blood supply?
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What anatomical location does the L4 stage of Strongylus vulgaris primarily migrate to?
What anatomical location does the L4 stage of Strongylus vulgaris primarily migrate to?
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How long does the L4 stage of Strongylus vulgaris mature to L5 in the mesenteric artery?
How long does the L4 stage of Strongylus vulgaris mature to L5 in the mesenteric artery?
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Which of the following conditions can occur due to the migration of Strongylus vulgaris?
Which of the following conditions can occur due to the migration of Strongylus vulgaris?
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What is the prepatent period for Strongylus equinus?
What is the prepatent period for Strongylus equinus?
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Which strongyle species migrates to the liver and peritoneum rather than the cranial mesenteric artery?
Which strongyle species migrates to the liver and peritoneum rather than the cranial mesenteric artery?
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What factors contribute to the reduced incidence of strongyle infestations in well-managed herds?
What factors contribute to the reduced incidence of strongyle infestations in well-managed herds?
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What is the primary role of L5 in the life cycle of Strongylus vulgaris?
What is the primary role of L5 in the life cycle of Strongylus vulgaris?
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Which of the following best describes the L3 larval stage of Strongylus spp.?
Which of the following best describes the L3 larval stage of Strongylus spp.?
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Study Notes
Common Equine Parasites
- Strongyles are important equine parasites, categorized by descending order of importance
- Strongyles include large strongyles and small strongyles
- Large strongyles (e.g., Strongylus vulgaris) are 2-5 cm long
- Small strongyles (e.g., cyathostomes) are <1.5 cm long
- Strongyles have a direct life cycle, involving fecal-oral transmission
- Pre-patent period for Strongylus vulgaris is 6 months
- Large strongyles adults live in the cecum and colon
- Adults ingest tissue and blood
- Ova pass in manure and hatch
- Molt to L3 stage in 1-2 weeks
- Adult strongyles emerge from nodules and begin reproduction
- Horses can experience both large and small strongyles
Strongyle Species
- Strongylus vulgaris is a large strongyle, characterized by a direct life cycle and fecal-oral transmission. The pre-patent period for S. vulgaris is 6 months
- Adults live in the cecum and colon.
- Ova pass in horse manure and hatch
- Larvae molt to L3 stage in 1–2 weeks
- Strongylus edentatus and S. equinus are similar in life cycle to S. vulgaris, they migrate to the peritoneum (S. edentatus) and the liver (S. equinus)
- At least 52 different small strongyle species are categorized as cyathostomes or cyathostomins, and are common in horses.
Small Strongyles
- Small strongyles have a direct life cycle, fecal-oral transmission, and a prepatent period as short as 40 days, but sometimes months or even years due to hypobiosis (dormancy).
- Adults reside in the cecum and colon
- L3 larvae undergo mucosal migration in the cecum and colon wall and encyst; at this point they go into hypobiosis
- They are highly resistant to anthelmintics while encysted
- Fecal samples often show evidence of larvae, which can cause clinical signs, not necessarily adult strongyles.
- "Cyathostomiasis" is a clinical sign of large numbers of L5 larvae migrating into the intestine.
Clinical Signs of Strongyles
- Large strongyles can lead to anemia, anorexia, depression, weight loss, and dehydration
- Damage is due to blood loss from mucosal damage and plugging of intestinal villi.
- Small strongyles cause similar but milder clinical signs due to smaller size
- Signs may also include diarrhea and weight loss, along with copious mucus production in the large intestine
Diagnosis
- Fecal egg counts (FEC) are used to determine the presence and quantity of strongyle eggs.
- Clinical presentation is also important along with egg count analysis.
Prevention and Treatment
- Good pasture management practices to limit environmental contamination
- Regular deworming schedules based on FECs, and using multiple classes of anthelmintics, can help reduce strongyle burdens
- Resistance development to anthelmintics is a concern.
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Description
This quiz covers the important equine parasites, specifically focusing on strongyles. Discover the characteristics, lifecycle, and significance of both large and small strongyles, and understand their impact on horse health. Test your knowledge on this vital aspect of equine care.
