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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is true about nitrogen oxides (NOx)?
Which of the following is true about nitrogen oxides (NOx)?
- NOx is only formed from atmospheric air
- NOx is not considered a pollutant
- NOx is composed primarily of nitrogen monoxide (NO)
- NOx is a byproduct of combustion (correct)
What are the two primary components of nitrogen oxides (NOx)?
What are the two primary components of nitrogen oxides (NOx)?
- SO2 and CO2
- SO2 and NO2
- NO and NO2 (correct)
- CO and CO2
Which type of nitrogen oxide (NOx) is rapidly formed at combustion temperatures exceeding 1500°C?
Which type of nitrogen oxide (NOx) is rapidly formed at combustion temperatures exceeding 1500°C?
- Low-NOx
- Fuel NOx
- Prompt NOx
- Thermal NOx (correct)
Which type of device measures the decrease in light intensity due to absorption and scattering?
Which type of device measures the decrease in light intensity due to absorption and scattering?
N0^; emissions consist primarily of which compounds?
N0^; emissions consist primarily of which compounds?
Explain one method used to control sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions.
Explain one method used to control sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions.
Which of the following is a method used to control particulate matter in flue gas?
Which of the following is a method used to control particulate matter in flue gas?
What is the percentage of ash in the original fuel that becomes fly ash and leaves with the flue gases in a fluidized bed furnace?
What is the percentage of ash in the original fuel that becomes fly ash and leaves with the flue gases in a fluidized bed furnace?
What is the efficiency of a cyclone separator in removing fine particulate matter?
What is the efficiency of a cyclone separator in removing fine particulate matter?
What is the method used to measure particulate matter in the flue gas using a transmissometer analyzer?
What is the method used to measure particulate matter in the flue gas using a transmissometer analyzer?
Which of the following is a highly efficient method to remove NOx from exhaust gases?
Which of the following is a highly efficient method to remove NOx from exhaust gases?
At what temperature range can selective catalytic reduction (SCR) be used?
At what temperature range can selective catalytic reduction (SCR) be used?
What is the major component of acid rain?
What is the major component of acid rain?
What is the best control method for sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions?
What is the best control method for sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions?
Which of the following is the formula mass for sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$)?
Which of the following is the formula mass for sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$)?
What is the mass of 5 kmol of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$)?
What is the mass of 5 kmol of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$)?
For complete combustion of 24 kg of carbon (C), what mass of oxygen ($O_2$) is required?
For complete combustion of 24 kg of carbon (C), what mass of oxygen ($O_2$) is required?
A burner takes 20 kg/min excess air. If the theoretical air is 60 kg/min, what is the percent of excess air?
A burner takes 20 kg/min excess air. If the theoretical air is 60 kg/min, what is the percent of excess air?
Which of the following is a method for controlling N0^ in the combustion zone?
Which of the following is a method for controlling N0^ in the combustion zone?
What is the temperature range for selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) to be effective?
What is the temperature range for selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) to be effective?
What is the purpose of flue gas recirculation in reducing thermal N0^?
What is the purpose of flue gas recirculation in reducing thermal N0^?
What is the reduction reaction for catalytic NOx removal?
What is the reduction reaction for catalytic NOx removal?
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Study Notes
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
- Nitrogen oxides (NOx) have two primary components: nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
- Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is rapidly formed at combustion temperatures exceeding 1500°C.
- NOx emissions consist primarily of NO and NO2.
Control of Emissions
- One method used to control sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emissions is the use of scrubbers.
- Electrostatic precipitators are used to control particulate matter in flue gas.
- Cyclone separators have an efficiency of around 90% in removing fine particulate matter.
- Particulate matter in flue gas can be measured using a transmissometer analyzer, which measures the decrease in light intensity due to absorption and scattering.
- Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is a highly efficient method to remove NOx from exhaust gases, effective in the temperature range of 300-400°C.
- Flue gas recirculation is used to reduce thermal NOx by reducing the flame temperature.
Acid Rain and Sulfur Dioxide
- The major component of acid rain is sulfuric acid, which is formed by the reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with water and oxygen.
- The best control method for sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions is the use of scrubbers.
Combustion and Stoichiometry
- The formula mass for sulfur dioxide (SO2) is 64.06 g/mol.
- The mass of 5 kmol of carbon dioxide (CO2) is approximately 220 kg.
- For complete combustion of 24 kg of carbon (C), approximately 64 kg of oxygen (O2) is required.
- If a burner takes 20 kg/min excess air, and the theoretical air is 60 kg/min, then the percent of excess air is 33.33%.
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