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Coma: Definition, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Coma: Definition, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Questions and Answers

What is a common symptom of Stage III of renal coma?

Headache

Violent behavior (correct)

Muscle twitches

Diarrhea

What is the primary cause of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome?

Rapid changes in blood pressure

Electrolyte disturbances

Rapid osmotic shift of water into the brain (correct)

Metabolic acidosis

Which of the following is a characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis?

Rapid onset with late development of coma

Subacute onset with late development of coma (correct)

Subacute onset with early development of coma

Rapid onset with early development of coma

What is the typical breathing pattern of a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis?

Rapid and shallow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is more common in the elderly?

Hyperglycaemic non-ketotic diabetic coma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnostic test for renal coma?

Blood urea level Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of profound cellular dehydration?

Cerebral venous thrombosis contributing to disturbance of consciousness Signup and view all the answers

At what blood sugar level do symptoms of hypoglycaemic coma typically appear?

Less than 55 mg/dl Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the onset of hypoglycaemic coma?

Much more rapid onset Signup and view all the answers

What is a common neurological finding in patients with hypoglycaemic coma?

Extensor plantar responses Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential sequela of inadequately treated hypoglycaemia?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the brain is particularly affected by hypoglycaemia?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a person in a coma?

They fail to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

To assess the severity of coma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs is NOT indicative of lateralization in a comatose patient?

Bilateral convulsions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the clinical approach to a comatose patient?

To identify the underlying cause of coma Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely underlying cause of coma in a patient with liver failure and portosystemic shunting?

Hepatic encephalopathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of toxicologic screening in a comatose patient?

To identify potential toxic substances contributing to coma Signup and view all the answers